BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article:
MAMMALS OF THE SEA. BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, edited by Sam. H. Ridgway
METHODS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF PRODUCTION OF AQUATIC ANIMALS, edited by G.G. Winberg
WATER TREATMENT by G. V. James
SEVENTY YEARS AGROWING—A HISTORY OF THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF THE SEA 1902–1972 by A. E. J. Went
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF MARINE MAMMALS, edited by R. J. Harrison
FISH FARMING INTERNATIONAL, No. 1, 1973.     

Books Reviews

Book review in this article
INTERNATIONAL REGULATION OF WHALING: FROM CONSERVATION OF WHALING TO CONSERVATION OF WHALES AND REGULATION OF WHALE WATCHING . Patricia Birnie
BEHAVIOUR OF WHALES IN RELATION TO MANAGEMENT . G. P. Donovan (ed.).
A HANDBOOK FORTHEIDENTIFICATIONOFCEPHALOPODBEAKS . Malcolm R. Clarke(ed.).
THE WAR AGAINST THE SEALS: A HISTORY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SEAL FISHERY . Briton Cooper Busch.
THE HARBOR SEAL . Doug Bertran Productions, Box 10340, Olympia, Washington 98502.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book review in this article:
RIVER ECOLOGY–STUDIES IN ECOLOGY. Edited by B. A. Whitton.
PRINCIPLES OF FISHERY SCIENCE By W. Harry Everhart, Alfred W. Eipper and William D. Youngs.
THE NILE, BIOLOGY OF AN ANCIENT RIVER Edited by Julian Rzoska. Published by Dr W. Junk
LIFE CYCLES OF FISH–PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY By Shul'man. Translated by N. Kaner
A BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE AFON TAP By Welsh National Water Development Authority, November 1975.
TECHNOLOGY OF MACKEREL FISHERY: BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SURVEY OF LITERATURE by J. R. Dingle.
DEPTH CHARTS OF THE CUMBRIAN LAKES by A. E. Ramsbottom.
LIVINGMARINE RESOURCES OF NEWFOUNDLAND–LABRADOR: STATUS AND POTENTIAL by A. T. Pinhorn.
BETTER ANGLING WITH SIMPLE SCIENCE by Mary M. Pratt.     

Book notices

CATALOGUE OF THE DIPTERA OF THE AFROTROPICAL REGION. Edited by R. W. Crosskey.
A REVISION OF THE OLD WORLD POLYMORPHANISINI (TRICHOPTERA: HYDROPSYCHIDAE). By P. C. Barnard.
A REVISION OF THE WESTERN PALAEARCTIC SPECIES OF THE GENUS METEORUS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE). By T. Huddleston.
BRACOMYRIAPOD BIOLOGY. Edited by Marina Camatini.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article.
SHARKS AND RAYS OF AUSTRALIA. By P. R. Last and J. D. Stevens
PARASITIC WORMS OF FISH. By Harford Williams and Arlene Jones
NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF FISH. By the Committee on Animal Nutrition, Board on Agriculture, National Research Council
WATER QUALITY AND THE EARLY LIFE STAGES OF FISHES. Edited by L A. Fuiman
GENETICS AND EVOLUTION OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS. Edited by A. R. Beaumont
FISH BIOENERGETICS. By Malcolm Jobling
TRANSGENIC ANIMAL TECHNOLOGY, A LABORATORY HANDBOOK. Edited by Carl A. Pinkert
ECOLOGY OF MARINE PARASITES, 2nd edn. By K. Rohde
FRESHWATER FISHES OF VIRGINIA. By R. E. Jenkins and N. M. Burkhead     

Opacity factor from group A streptococci is an apoproteinase

Opacity factor (OF) is an enzyme, elaborated by certain serotypes of group A streptococci, which produces opalescence in mammalian sera. OF has been designated a lipoproteinase. Lipoproteins are complex structures and many enzymes are involved in their catalysis. We therefore set out to establish which of the many enzymes OF could be. Results showed that OF rendered high density lipoprotein (HDL) insoluble, accounting for the opalescence in serum, and altered its electrophoretic mobility. Electron microscopy revealed that OF caused an aggregation of HDL and an alteration in molecule shape. OF specifically split apoprotein AI of HDL into two fragments demonstrable by SDS-PAGE. We therefore designate OF as an apoproteinase.     

Book notices

Book reviewed in this article:
LIVESTOCK ENTOMOLOGY. Edited by Ralph E. Williams, Robert D. Hall, Alberto B. Broce and Philip J. Scholl.
MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND BEHAVIOURAL BIOLOGY OF TICKS. Edited by John R. Sauer and J. Alexander Hair.
COEVOLUTION OF PARASITIC ARTHROPODS AND MAMMALS. Edited by Ke Chung Kim.
A COLOUR ATLAS OF INSECT TISSUES VIA THE FLEA. By Miriam Rothschild, Yosef Schlein and Susumo
THE BIOLOGY OF THE MUSCIDAE OF THE WORLD. By P. Skidmore
CATALOGUE OF PALAEARCTIC DIP-TERA. Edited by A. Soos and L. Papp     

Book notices

MOTHS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA, DESCRIPTIONS AND COLOUR ILLUSTRATIONS OF 1183 SPECIES. By E. C. G. Pinhey
WHITEFLY OF THE WORLD. A SYSTEMATIC CATALOGUE OF THE ALEYRODIDAE (HOMOPTERA) WITH HOST PLANT AND NATURAL ENEMY DATA. By L. A. Mound and S. H. Halsey
HANDBOOK OF COMMON NEW GUINEA BEETLES. By J. L. Gressitt and R. W. Horna-brook     

Book notices

BIOLOGY OF INSECT EGGS. By H. E. Hinton.
THE LIFE OF THE MEADOW BROWN. By W. H. Dowdeswell.
INSECT LIFE HISTORY PATTERNS. HABITAT AND GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION. Ed. by Robert F. Denno and Hugh Dingle.
THE WORLD OF THE TENT-MAKERS. A NATURAL HISTORY OF THE EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR. By Vincent G.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND WEEDS. By Michael J. Samways     

人MEPE/OF45基因的克隆及序列分析

目的：克隆人MEPE/OF45全长基因,为进一步研究MEPE/OF45在DNA损伤应答中的作用及特异的信号通路奠定基础。方法：选取人宫颈癌细胞HeLa为靶细胞,从中提取总RNA,设计扩增人MEPE/OF45基因片段的特异引物,进行RT-PCR分析;用蛋白质合成抑制剂亚胺环己酮（CHX）对细胞进行处理,观察处理前后MEPE/OF45基因的表达情况。结果：在经CHX处理的HeLa细胞中扩增到了MEPE/OF45基因片段,随后利用重叠PCR方法获得了人MEPE/OF45全长基因,并经序列分析确证。结论：获得了人MEPE/OF45基因片段及全长基因,为阐明MEPE/OF45在细胞中复杂的功能提供了线索。     

Isolation and characterization of new facultatively alkalophilic strains of Bacillus species.

Four facultatively alkalophilic isolates were purified from enrichment cultures initiated with lime-treated garden soil. Four isolates, OF1, OF3, OF4, and OF6, were obligately aerobic, spore-forming, gram-positive, motile rods which were capable of growth at both pH 7.5 and pH 10.5. Strains OF1 and OF6 grew best at the lower pH value; and whereas growth of these strains at pH 10.5 was completely dependent on added Na+, growth at pH 7.5 was only partially dependent on added Na+. Strains OF3 and OF4 grew better at pH 10.5 than at pH 7.5, with strain OF3 growing modestly over its entire pH range, while OF4 grew well. Growth of OF3 and OF4 was completely dependent on added Na+ at both pH 7.5 and pH 10.5. DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that OF1 and OF6 are closely related strains but are not related to the other isolates, Bacillus subtilis, or two previously studied obligately alkalophilic bacilli. OF3 was unrelated to any of the other organisms examined in the study, whereas OF4 showed complete homology with obligately alkalophilic Bacillus firmus RAB. All four isolates maintained a cytoplasmic pH that was considerably lower than the external pH when the latter was 10.5. Although substantial transmembrane electrical potentials were observed, the total electrochemical proton gradient (delta mu H+) was low at pH 10.5 in all the strains. By contrast, delta mu H+ was substantial at pH 7.5 and at that pH was composed entirely of an electrical potential. These results are in contrast to previous findings that obligately alkalophilic bacilli generate only small electrical potentials at near neutral pH. All the isolates exhibited substantial rates of respiration as measured by oxygen consumption. Neither respiration nor NADH oxidation by everted membrane vesicles was significantly stimulated by Na+. Analyses of reduced versus oxidized difference spectra of membranes from OF4 showed that the total membrane cytochrome content was considerably higher in cells grown at pH 10.5 than at pH 7.5, with the levels of c- and a-type cytochromes exhibiting the largest pH-dependent differences. Initial examination of membrane protein profiles on gel electrophoresis also indicated a number of changes in pattern in each isolate, depending on the growth pH.     

Chemical Characterization of Organisms Isolated from Leprosy Patients

CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF THE CELL WALLS OF ORGANISMS ISOLATED IN VARIOUS PARTS OF THE WORLD FROM CASES OF LEPROMATOUS AND TUBERCULOID LEPROSY MAKE POSSIBLE THEIR ASSIGNMENT TO ONE OF THE THREE GENERA: Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, or Propionibacterium. One, bacterium 22M, remains unassigned. The combined chemical and enzymatic properties attributed to leprosy bacilli freshly harvested from lepromata are found collectively, but not individually, in these three genera.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book review in this article:
FISH STOCK ASSESSMENT. A MANUAL OF BASIC METHODS, by J. A. Gulland.
FROM YEAR TO YEAR: INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FISHERIES OF THE GULF OF ALASKA AND THE EASTERN BERING SEA. By Warren S. Wooster.     

Temporal stability of novelty exploration in mice exposed to different open field tests

We investigated behavioural activity and temporal distribution (patterning) of mouse exploration in different open field (OF) arenas. Mice of 129S1 (S1) strain were subjected in parallel to three different OF arenas (Experiment 1), two different OF arenas in two trials (Experiment 2) or two trials of the same OF test (Experiment 3). Overall, mice demonstrated a high degree of similarity in the temporal profile of novelty-induced horizontal and vertical exploration (regardless of the size, colour and shape of the OF), which remained stable in subsequent OF exposures. In Experiments 4 and 5, we tested F1 hybrid mice (BALB/c-S1; NMRI-S1), and Vitamin D receptor knockout mice (generated on S1 genetic background), again showing strikingly similar temporal patterns of their OF exploration, despite marked behavioural strain differences in anxiety and activity. These results suggest that mice are characterised by stability of temporal organization of their exploration in different OF novelty situations.     

MEPE/OF45 protects cells from DNA damage induced killing via stabilizing CHK1

Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein/osteoblast factor 45 (MEPE/OF45) was cloned in 2000 with functions related to bone metabolism. We identified MEPE/OF45 for the first time as a new co-factor of CHK1 in mammalian cells to protect cells from DNA damage induced killing. We demonstrate here that MEPE/OF45 directly interacts with CHK1. Knocking down MEPE/OF45 decreases CHK1 levels and sensitizes the cells to DNA damage inducers such as ionizing radiation (IR) or camptothicin (CPT)-induced killing. Over-expressing wild-type MEPE/OF45, but not the mutant MEPE/OF45 (depleted the key domain to interact with CHK1) increases CHK1 levels in the cells and increases the resistance of the cells to IR or CPT. MEPE/OF45, interacting with CHK1, increases CHK1 half-life and decreases CHK1 degradation through the ubiquitine-mediated pathway. In addition, the interaction of MEPE/OF45 with CHK1 decreases CHK1 levels in the ubiquitin E3 ligases (Cul1 and Cul4A) complex, which suggests that MEPE/OF45 competes with the ubiquitin E3 ligases binding to CHK1 and thus decreases CHK1 from ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. These findings reveal an important role of MEPE/OF45 in protecting cells from DNA damage induced killing through stabilizing CHK1, which would provide MEPE/OF45 as a new target for sensitizing tumor cells to radiotherapy or chemotherapy.     

Book notices

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL BY AUGMENTATION OF NATURAL ENEMIES, INSECT AND MITE CONTROL WITH PARASITES AND PREDATORS. Edited by R. L. Ridgway and S. B. Vinson.
ATLAS OF THE CARABID BEETLES OF THE NETHERLANDS. Edited by H. Turin, J. Haeck and R. Hengeveld.
THE BIOLOGY OF TRIBOLIUM WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON GENETIC ASPECTS. By A. Sokoloff.
ANT RESEARCH 1954–76. By Michael Brian and others.
EVOLUTION OF INSECT MIGRATION AND DIAPAUSE. Edited by Hugh Dingle.
THE COCKROACH, Volume 2. By P. B. Cornwell.
OVERLAYS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND OTHER FACTORS FOR USE WITH BIOLOGICAL RECORDS CENTRE DISTRIBUTION MAPS.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this articles:
FRESHWATER WETLANDS. ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND MANAGEMENT POTENTIAL. Edited by R. E. Good, D. F. Whigham and R. L. Simpson.
RHYTHMIC ACTIVITY OF FISHES. Edited by J. E. Thorpe.
FISH PATHOLOGY. Edited by Ronald J. Roberts.
IBP HANDBOOK NO. 8. METHODS FOR PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF FRESH WATERS, by H. L. Golterman, R. S. Clymo and M. A. M. Ohnstad.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON WARM WATER ZOOPLANKTON.
WATER ANALYSIS: SOME REVISED METHODS FOR LIMNOLOGISTS, by F. J. H. Mackereth, J. Heron and J. F. Tailing.
A KEY TO THE FRESHWATER PLANKTONIC AND SEMI-PLANKTONIC ROTIFERA OF THE BRITISH ISLES by Rosalind M. Pontin.
METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT OF FISH PRODUCTION IN FRESH WATERS. I.E.P. HANDBOOK NO. 3. Edited by T. Bagenal.
THE DYNAMICS OF THE UPPER OCEAN by 0. M. Phillips.
THE HAMLYN GUIDE TO FRESHWATER FISHES OF BRITAIN AND EUROPE by Peter S. Maitland, Illustrated by Keith Linsell.
THE BEHAVIOUR OF FISH AND OTHER AQUATIC ANIMALS, Edited by David I. Mostofsky
FISHES OF THE BRITISH AND NORTHERN EUROPEAN SEAS by J. Moller Christensen. Illustrated by Bente Nystrom.     

An optical flow-based integrated navigation system inspired by insect vision

Some insects use optic flow (OF) to perform their navigational tasks perfectly. Learning from insects' OF navigation strategies, this article proposes a bio-inspired integrated navigation system based on OF. The integrated navigation system is composed of an OF navigation system (OFNS) and an OF aided navigation system (OFAN). The OFNS uses a simple OF method to measure motion at each step along a path. The position information is then obtained by path integration. However, path integration leads to cumulative position errors which increase rapidly with time. To overcome this problem, the OFAN is employed to assist the OFNS in estimating and correcting these cumulative errors. The OFAN adopts an OF-based Kalman filter (KF) to continuously estimate the position errors. Moreover, based on the OF technique used in the OFNS, we develop a new OF method employed by the OFAN to generate the measurement input of the OF-based KF. As a result, both the OFNS and the OFAN in our integrated navigation system are derived from the same OF method so that they share input signals and some operations. The proposed integrated navigation system can provide accurate position information without interference from cumulative errors yet doing so with low computational effort. Simulations and comparisons have demonstrated its efficiency.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this articles:
SOUTHERN OCEAN ECOLOGY: THE BIOMASS PERSPECTIVE. Edited by Sayed Z. El-Sayed.
FISHES OF THE WORLD (THIRD EDITION). By Joseph D. Nelson
SEA BASS. BIOLOGY, EXPLOITATION & CONSERVATION. By Graham D. Pickett and Michael G. Pawson.
THE EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY OF THE THREESPINE STICKLEBACK. Edited by Michael A. Bell and Susan A. Foster
A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF SOUTHERN AFRICA. By Paul H. Skelton (illustrated by Dave Voorvelt and Elizabeth Tarr).
QUANTITATIVE ECOLOGY AND THE BROWN TROUT. By J. M. Elliott
WEBS AND SCALES: PHYSICAL AND ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN MARINE FISH RECRUITMENT. By Michael M. Mullin.
FEEDING ECOLOGY OF FISH. By Shelby D. Gerking.
THE FISHES OF TENNESSEE. By David A. Etnier and Wayne C. Starnes.
MANUAL FOR THE ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FISH BACTERIAL PATHOGENS. By G. N. Frerichs and S. D. Millar.
SCALING FISHERIES. THE SCIENCE OF MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF FISHING, 1855–1955. By Tim D. Smith.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
ECOLOGY OF FISHES I N TROPICAL WATERS by R. H. Lowe-McConnell.
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION, SPECIATION AND CLINES by J. A. Endler.
SCIENCE AND THE FISHERIES by D. H. Cushing.
EELS A NATURAL AND UNNATURAL HISTORY by Christopher Moriarty.
INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION TECHNICAL SERIES published by UNESCO, Paris, France.
LES LIVREES OU PATRONS DE COLORATION CHEZ LES POISSONS CICHLIDES AFRICAINS, by J. Voss.
SEISMIC SEA WAVES TSUNAMIS by T. S. Murty.
FISHES OF THE GULF OF MEXICO by H. Dickson Hoese & Richard H. Morre.
SOUND RECEPTION IN FISH edited by Arie Schuiff & A. D. Hawkins.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL BIODEGRADATION SYMPOSIUM Session XXIII edited by J. Miles Sharpley & Arthur M. Kaplan.
ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ESPECIALLY THERMAL WHICH WOULD INFLUENCE THE SURVIVORSHIP OF EXOTIC NILE PERCH IF INTRODUCED INTO ARTIFICIALLY HEATED RESERVOIRS IN TEXAS by Kenneth W. Thompson, Clark Hubbs & Barry W. Lyons.
IMPACT OF ACID PRECIPITATION ON FOREST AND FRESHWATER ECO–SYSTEMS IN NORWAY. Summary report by Finn H. Braekke
SOME METHODS FOR THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES OF BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES by J. M. Elliott.
SKYLAB FLOATING ICE EXPERIMENT by W. J. Campbell, R. O. Ramseier, R. J. Weaver and W. F. Weeks.
FRESHWATER BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION FORTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 1977.
SALMON FISHERIES OF SCOTLAND