扎氏摇蚊属一新种记述(双翅目,摇蚊科,长跗摇蚊族)

扎氏摇蚊属Zavrelia世界上已有记录共计7种,除了Z.kribiensis Kieffer分布于非洲区,Z.clinovolsella Guo ＆ Wang （2004）分布于东洋区外,本属其它种都分布在全北区.本文记述了分布于中国东洋区的1新种-光裸扎氏摇蚊Z.bragremia sp.nov.正模♂,四川省峨眉山,1986-05-17,王新华采.本种与本属已知种的主要区别特征是：肛节（第9）背板不具中区长刚毛.文中对Cranston等（1989）提出的属征作了修订.新种模式标本保存于南开大学生命科学学院.     

拟三突摇蚊属—中国新纪录种(双翅目:摇蚊科)

记述了直突摇蚊亚科拟三突摇蚊属—中国新纪录种——指拟三突摇蚊Paratrichocladius guidalii Rossaro,1990.本文给出了该种的详细描述和特征图.该种区别于本属其它种的主要特征是:下附器近指状,顶端尖锐且明显向下弯曲.该种标本分别于1997年4月采集于西藏和1996年6月采集于四川.     

新花托摇蚊属一新种记述(双翅目,摇蚊科,长跗摇蚊族)

记述了新花托摇蚊属1新种,即四叶新花托摇蚊N.quaternaria sp.nov.本属已有记录4种,分布于新北区的N.reissi Caldwell、非洲区的N.abnormis(Lehmann)以及古北区的N.thienemanni Reiss和N.pilosa Reiss.四叶新花托摇蚊N.quaternaria sp.nov.正模♂,内蒙莫尔道嘎,1988-07-08,卜文俊采.新种生殖节构造与分布于土耳其的N.pilosaReiss近似,主要区别为:上附器内缘下凹,具有3根顶刚毛和3根侧缘毛,中附器具有4根粗壮的叶状刚毛.文中提供了本属世界雄成虫检索表.新种模式标本保存于南开大学生命科学学院.     

枝摇蚊属新种记述（双翅目：摇蚊科）

本文记述采自云南省枝摇蚊属一新种,订名为滇枝摇蚊Cladotanytarsus yunnanensis sp.nov.。本种的生殖节具长而端部显著变细的抱器端节,以及独特的肛尖形状等特征,易与本属已知种区分。正模及副模保存于南开大学生物系。     

中国拟枝角摇蚊属一新种记述（双翅目：摇蚊科）

记述拟枝角摇蚊属Paracladopelma 1新种:短鞭拟枝角摇蚊P.demissum sp.nov.。该新种触角比AR低,为0.60;肛尖具中肋;第9背板后缘肩形;第9背板带V型;上附器远端膨大,向外侧成三角形突起状,亚顶端具2根大刚毛,且内侧密被小刚毛;抱器端节两侧平行,中部内弯。模式标本存放于南开大学生命科学学院摇蚊学研究室。     

中国摇蚊亚科记述IV.拟隐摇蚊属：（双翅目：摇蚊科）

本文为中国摇蚊亚科系列报道之四,记述了采自海南省的拟隐摇蚊属一新种：宽尖拟隐摇蚊Ｄｅｍｉｃｒｙｐｔｏｃｈｉｒｏｎｏｍｕｓ （Ｉｒｍａｋｉａ）ｓｐａｔｕｌａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及１中国新记录种：缺损拟隐摇蚊Ｄｅｍｉｃｒｙｐｔｏｃｈｉｒｏｎｏｍｕｓ （Ｉｒｍａｋｉａ）ｖａｌｎｅｒａｔｕｓ （Ｚｅｔｔｒｓｔｅｄｔ）。模式标本存南开大学生物系。     

中国多足揺蚊属指名亚属一新种(双翅目:摇蚊科)

记述中国多足摇蚊属指名亚属Polypedilum (s. str.) Kieffer 1新种——等跗多足摇蚊Polypedilum (Polypedilum) aequabe, sp. nov.,该新种雄虫可借以下组合特征与本亚属其它已知种类相区别:后足第 2 与第 3 跗节等长,肛尖具侧毛,上附器外侧毛位于近端部,下附器端部膨大。模式标本存放在南开大学生命科学学院摇蚊研究室。正模:♂,四川乡城硕曲河,2 700 m,1996-Ⅵ-12,灯诱,王新华采;副模:18♂♂,同正模;1♂,云南丽江石鼓冲江河,1750m,1996-Ⅴ-25,灯诱,周长发采。     

中国东洋区三突多足摇蚊亚属两新种(双翅目,摇蚊科)

记述了我国东洋区三突多足摇蚊亚属（Tripodura Townes）2新种。双刺多足摇蚊Polypedilum（Tripodura）bispinumsp.nov.（图1～5）本种与裸突多足摇蚊P.（T.）nudiprostatum Zhang＆Wang相似,区别在于此新种r4＋5翅室具有2个翅斑,m1＋2和m3＋4翅室端部具云状斑,肛尖矛尖状,肛尖侧突覆有微毛,上附器内侧中部具2个刺状刚毛。正模♂,海南黎水县吊罗镇,1989-05-20,灯诱,王新华采。抹刀多足摇蚊,新种Polypedilum（Tripodura）spathum sp.nov.（图6～10）本种可借如下特征区别于本亚属已知种：上附器呈抹刀形;前足比高（2.63-2.89,2.75）;第9背板中部刚毛少,2～3根;下附器长、刚毛少,具2～3根刚毛。正模♂,云南勐腊县勐伦镇,1987-04-12,灯诱,邹环光采。本研究所用标本存放在南开大学生命科学学院摇蚊研究室。     

中国摇蚊亚科记述Ⅳ．拟隐摇蚊属（双翅目：摇蚊科）

本文为中国摇蚊亚科系列报道之四,记述了采自海南省的拟隐摇蚊属一新种：宽尖拟隐摇蚊Ｄｅｍｉｃｒｙｐｔｏｃｈｉｒｏｎｏｍｕｓ（Ｉｒｍａｋｉａ）ｓｐａｔｕｌａｔｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及１中国新记录种：缺损拟隐摇蚊Ｄｅｍｉｃｒｙｐｔｏｃｈｉｒｏｎｏｍｕｓ（Ｉｒｍａｋｉａ）ｖａｌｅｒａｔｕｓ（Ｚｅｔｔｅｒｓｔｅｄｔ）．模式标本存南开大学生物系．     

海南异摇蚊属(双翅目 :摇蚊科)一新种及属征订正(英文)

本文记述采自海南尖峰岭自然保护区异摇蚊属一新种 ,命名为额瘤异摇蚊Xenochironomustuberosussp .nov .新种头部具额瘤 ,腹部第六节背板生有粗大的刚毛 ,肛节背板毛序及生殖节上附器与本属已知种明显有别。依据该新种 ,本文对Cranston等 (1989)所描述的本属鉴别特征予以部分订正。该属在中国系首次记录。     

Five new species of Phyllocoptinae (Acari: Eriophyoidea: Eriophyidae) from China

Five new species of eriophyoid mites of the subfamily Phyllocoptinae from China are described and illustrated, namely Tegolophus liquidambaricola sp. nov.(Anthocoptini) infesting Liquidambar formosana Hance var.(Hamamelidaceae), Abacarus paniceus sp. nov.(Anthocoptini) infesting Panicum notatum Retz.(Poaceae), Tetra armato sp. nov.(Anthocoptini) infesting Zanthoxylum armatum DC. var. armatum(Rutaceae), Pentaconvexus lambertianus sp. nov.(Acaricalini) infesting Rubus lambertiannus Ser.(Rosaceae) and Parategonotus acanthopanacinus sp. nov.(Tegonotini) infesting Acanthopanax gracilistylus W. W. Smith(Araliaceae). All these new species are free-living on the undersurface of leaves and cause indistinctive damage to the host plants.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the endangered tree Diplopanax stachyanthus (Araliaceae)

? Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed in Diplopanax stachyanthus to investigate the population genetics of this endangered tree. ? Methods and Results: Using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing repeats (FIASCO) protocol, 15 microsatellite markers were developed in D. stachyanthus and evaluated for their variability in 25 samples from a natural population. For the 11 polymorphic loci, the number of alleles ranged from two to eight, while the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.5200 to 0.7600 and 0.4200 to 0.7813, respectively. Their cross-taxa transferability was also examined in Acanthopanax gracilistylus, Tetrapanax papyrifer, Cornus controversa, and Dendrobenthamia japonica var. chinensis, and four to 15 loci proved amplifiable in these species. ? Conclusions: These microsatellite markers could be employed to investigate the population genetics of D. stachyanthus, and may potentially be applicable to other related species.     

细柱五加茎中6种化合物体外对人肺癌细胞株A549的生长抑制作用

目的:观察细柱五加茎中6个化合物对人肺癌细胞株A549的抑制作用.方法:从细柱五加茎中提取得到16-α-羟-19-贝壳杉烷酸、16αH,17 - isovaleryloxy - ent - kauran - 19 - oic acid、贝壳杉烷酸苷A、紫丁香苷、松柏苷、刺五加苷D等6个化合物,采用MTT法测定其对人肺癌细胞株A549的生长抑制.结果:发现化合物16-α-羟-19 -贝壳杉烷酸、16αH,17 - isovaleryloxy - ent - kauran - 19 - oic acid、贝壳杉烷酸苷A、紫丁香苷、松柏苷对人肺癌A549细胞均具有不同程度的抑制作用,与空白对照相比具有显著性差异(P＜0.05).刺五加苷D对人肺癌A549细胞的增殖抑制率与其浓度成负相关,随着浓度的增加细胞生长抑制率不断降低.结论:6个化合物呈现不同的体外抗肿瘤作用,为细柱五加茎中的抗肿瘤活性成分.     

Bioturbation by cyprinid fish affecting the food availability for predatory water mites

Summary Field observations suggested that benthivorous fish, causing bioturbation, are able to effect the food availability for predacious water mites feeding on bottom dwelling chironomid larvae. This hypothesis was tested in the laboratory. In an undisturbed situation the predation rate exercised by the water mites on the tube dwelling chironomid Cladotanytarsus mancus was very low. However, when the sediment was disturbed, the predation rate increased substantially. The relevance of this for the field situation is discussed.     

Factors affecting distribution pattern of dominant macroinvertebrates in Mantovo Reservoir (Republic of Macedonia)

In the present study, we analysed spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the limnological characteristics to provide more detailed information about the processes taking place within Mantovo Reservoir (Republic of Macedonia). The relationship between principal macroinvertebrate species and environmental variables was analysed in order to explore factors that dominantly affect community distribution pattern. Unlike the most reservoirs, strong longitudinal gradient for suspended organic matter and nutrients (total phosphorous, nitrates and nitrites) along the reservoir doesn??t exist. However, the process of thermal stratification has a strong influence on the metabolism and structure of the Mantovo ecosystem, which can be demonstrated by the vertical and longitudinal distribution of dissolved oxygen (DO), CO₂, pH and metals concentrations. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) indicated that the main factors controlling spatial distribution of Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Chironomus plumosus group were temperature, dissolved oxygen and manganese, including sulphates for C. plumous group. Chaoborus crystallinus showed opposite distribution pattern. Cladotanytarsus mancus group was strongly associated with shallower part (littoral and sublittoral) of Mantovo Reservoir characterized by favourable oxygen condition. None of the environmental variables included in CCA showed any relationship with density of Procladius sp.     

Spatial distribution and short-term changes of benthic macrofauna in Lake Balaton (Hungary)

Spatial and short-term changes in the composition and density of the macrobenthic fauna were studied in Lake Balaton, a large shallow lake in Central Europe (Hungary). Spatial differences were examined along five transects and short-term changes at two stations of different trophic state. The macrobenthos consisted almost exclusively of Tubificidae and Chironomidae of the species Chironomus gr. plumosus, Procladius choreus, Tanypus punctipennis, Microchironomus tener and Cladotanytarsus sp. The Oligochaeta biomass showed a significant short-term decrease from 1995 to 1998, and their average biomass proved to be 0.86 and 0.79 g WFW (wet formalin weight) m-2 in 1996 and 1997, respectively. Chironomidae showed significant spatial and short-term differences following variations in primary production. Higher primary production resulted in higher biomass (up to 153.4 g WFW m-2 and 9785 ind. m-2 in 1995) of Chironomus-Procladius community, while lower primary production resulted in a very low biomass and abundance of the predatory Procladius-Tanypus-Microchironomus community (average: 3.16 g WFW m-2 and 1311 ind. m-2 in 1997). As compared to other lakes of similar climatic conditions, the total production of oligohaetes and chironomids proved to be very low in 1996 and 1997 (49.2 and 54.1 KJ m-2 yr-1, respectively). The 90% of the average chironomid production of Lake Balaton in 1996 and 1997 belonged to Ch. gr. plumosus (5.63 and 5.13 g m-2 yr-1), P. choreus (4.3 and 3.47 g m-2 yr-1) and T. punctipennis (0.27 and 2.21 g m-2 yr-1). This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Studies on Chemical Constituents of the Root Bark of Acanthopanax gracilistylus W.W.Smith

Seven crystalline substances were isolated from alcohol extract of the root bark of Acanthopanax gracilistylus W. W. Smith, by column chromatography on silica gel. They were identified by various physical and chemical methods as stearic acid, (d)-sesamin, β- sitosterol, syringin, β-sitosterol glucoside, eleutheroside B1 and 16 α-hydroxy-(–)-kauran-19-oic acid. The 16 α-hydroxy-( — )-kauran-19-oic acid was isolated from species of Acan- thopanax for the first time.     

From the mountains to the sea: assemblage structure and dynamics in Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) in the Clyde River estuarine gradient, New South Wales, south-eastern Australia

Abstract  Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera: non-biting midges) were surveyed at five shallow riffle stations along the estuarine gradient of the Clyde River, southern New South Wales (35°45'S, 150°15'E). Benthic populations were sampled seasonally between April 2001 and January 2002, between an uppermost fully fresh station and 7 km south of the tidal limit at Shallow Crossing, encompassing a 23 km stretch. Biological structure and integrity of chironomid assemblages, which are essentially unknown in eastern Australia's estuarine environments, were elucidated. Assemblages were diverse: from 5732 chironomid larvae, 45 species belonging to four subfamilies were identified from riffles. All chironomid assemblages were strongly structured and non-random with respect to spatial position along the salinity gradient although relatively random with respect to temporal shifts between the five seasonal samples. Generally, the salinity gradient had strong effects on assemblage composition but no discrete brackish fauna was identifiable, and the abundance of many species declined gradually with distance from the freshest station. Dominant taxa in the brackish zone were Parakiefferiella ' variegatus ' and two species of Cladotanytarsus . Notably, the little-known Semiocladius crassipennis Skuse (Orthocladiinae) was abundant at the most marine-influenced station. Taxa present exclusively in freshwaters included several Tanypodinae notably absent from sites below Shallow Crossing at salinities normally tolerated in athalassic waters. Other species restricted to freshwaters included Nanocladius sp., Demicryptochironomus (Irmakia) sp., Polypedilum vespertinus (Skuse), Zavrelliella fuscoguttata (Kieffer), Riethia stictoptera (Kieffer) and Podonomopsis sp.     

Life cycle and production of Chironomidae (Diptera) from Lake Banyoles (NE Spain)

1. The life cycles and annual production of the eight most abundant species of chironomids (Prodadius cf. choreus, Tanypus punctipennis, Chironomus bernensis, Chironomus gr. plumosus, Cladopelma virescens, Microchironomus tencr, Tanytarsus gr. lestagei, and Cladotanytarsus atridorsum) were studied from sublittoral and profundal samples taken monthly in Lake Banyoles during 1987 at five sampling stations (depths ranging from 5 to 20 m). 2. The number of generations per year deduced from instar-frequency data varied from one to four, depending on the species, lake basin and depth. Annual temperature range, dissolved oxygen in the stratified period and presence of sulphide are the key factors that may explain the differences in the number of generations. 3. Production estimates were calculated using the size-frequency (SF) method corrected for the number of generations (SFG), and the increment-summation method (IS) when cohorts could be clearly deduced. 4. Production calculated with the SFG method gave results which were comparable with those of the IS method using smoothed-survivorship curves in the three species for which the use of the IS method was possible (C. virescens, M. tener and C. atridorsum). Using these methods production was estimated to range from 23–70 mg AFDW (ash-free dry weight) m^?2 yr^?1 at 12 m to 74–275 mg AFDW m^?2 yr^?1 in the sublittoral zone of the lake (5-m depth). 5. Calculation of production for the other five species using the size-frequency method with the number of generations (SFG) deduced from monthly instar-frequency data gave values ranging from 12 mg AFDW m^?2 yr^?1 (Chironomus bernensis at 20 m depth) to 3.75 g AFDW m^?2 yr^?1(Prodadius cf. choreus at 12 m). 6. Total chironomid production (with the SFG method) varied from 0.8 to 5 g AFDW m^?2 yr^?1 in the profundal and sublittoral, respectively. At each sampling station two species groups accounted for most of the production: Prodadius cf. choreus and Chironomus spp. Annual production/biomass ratio (P/B) varied from very high values for Prodadius (between 11 and 27, as four generations completed each year) to very low values for Chironomus gr. plumosus (2.20), which completed only one generation each year. The annual production of P. cf. choreus in Lake Banyoles is higher than any reported in the literature due to the completion of four generations and to the high densities of this species.     

Die Beeinflussung der Unterlage auf die Verteilung der Chironomidenlarven im Pekfluss

Im Verlauf der Jahre 1974–1977 wurden im Gebirgsfluss Pek 78 Arten der Chironomidenlarven festgestellt. Die grösste Anzahl der Arten bewohnt den steinigen Flussboden und periphytonischen Algen, wobei Orthocladius saxicola in der lithorheophylen Besiedlung dominiert, während in der phytophylen Fauna Cricotopus albiforceps die wichtigste Art ist. Weit kleiner Anzahl der Chironomidenarten wird am Kies gefunden, wo Trissopelopia flavida eine führende Stelle einnimmt. Die grosste Reduktion der Arten begegnet sich in den weichen Sedimenten von welchen Cladotanytarsus gr. mancus and die Gattung Procladius die intensivste Entwicklung erreichen.