缺血预处理合并低温及晶体停搏液对兔未成熟心肌的保护作用

本文拟探讨缺血预处理(ischemic preconditioning,IP)合并低温及晶体停搏液对幼兔的离体心脏是否具有心肌保护作用.采用Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,灌注液为Krebs-Henseleit液(K-H液).取3～4周龄幼兔心脏,在第一部分实验中分为Con、IP1、IP2、IP3组(n=6),分别给予0、1、2、3次IP,其后各组心脏均在20℃低温下停灌2 h,37℃常温下再灌注30 min.在第二部分实验中分为SConI、SCon2、SCon3、SIPl、SIP2、SIP3组(n=8),其中SIPl、SIP2、SIP3组给予2次IP后灌注St.Tho-mas Ⅱ晶体停搏液(CCS)使心脏停搏,然后分别使心脏在32℃、25℃、20℃下停灌30、90和120min,其后各组均在37℃再灌注30 min.SConl,SCon2,SCon3三组则不给予IP,继续灌注20min后灌注CCS使心脏停搏,然后分别在32℃、25℃、20℃下停灌30、90和120 min,其后各组均在37℃再灌注30 min.以Maclab/4 s生理实验系统记录平衡末、缺血前、再灌注后1、3、5、10、20、30 min时心率(HR)、左心室发展压(LVDP)以及左心室内压上升及下降最大速率(±dp/dtmax),测定再灌注末心肌组织中ATP和丙二醛(MDA)的含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性.在20℃低温停灌且停灌期间不给予CCS时,再灌注末IP2组LVDP×HR、+dp/dtmax和-dp/dtmax的恢复率分别为96%±21%、101%±19%和84%±15%,显著高于Con组和IP3组(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);心肌组织的ATP含量亦高于Con组(P＜0.01).在不同低温停灌且停灌期间给予CCS时,再灌注末SIP1、SIP2组的LVDP×HR、+dp/dtmax分别恢复到87%±14%、99%±26%(P＜0.05,vs SConl group)和87%±16%、102%±20%(P＜0.05,vs SCon2 group);心肌组织的ATP含量均分别显著高于SCon1组和SCon2组(P＜0.05),心肌组织MDA含量亦分别低于SCon1组和SCon2组(P＜0.05).上述结果提示,IP对在20℃低温停灌的兔未成熟心脏具有一定的心肌保护作用,2次IP的保护效应优于1次或3次IP.在停灌期间应用CCS,IP的心肌保护作用随停灌期间低温程度的升高而减弱.     

Dissociation between myocardial relaxation and diastolic stiffness in the stunned heart: its prevention by ischemic preconditioning

The effects of myocardial stunning and ischemic preconditioning on left-ventricular developed pressure and end-diastolic pressure (diastolic stiffness) as well as on coronary-perfusion pressure were examined in isolated isovolumic rabbit hearts. The isovolumic relaxation was evaluated, and the time constant of pressure decay during the isovolumic period was calculated. Our experimental protocol comprised: 1) myocardial stunning-global ischemia (15 min) followed by reperfusion (30 min); 2) myocardial stunning-global ischemia (20 min) followed by reperfusion (30 min); and 3) ischemic preconditioning — a single cycle of brief global ischemia and reperfusion (5 min each), before a second ischemic period, of 20-min duration. There was no effect upon systolic and diastolic parameters when 15 and 20 minutes of ischemia were evaluated. In both stunned groups the left ventricular developed pressure first recovered to near control values, but then stabilized at only 60% of the control values. Whereas the isovolumic relaxation time constant was increased after 5 min of reperfusion, and return to control values at late reperfusion, the end diastolic pressure remained elevated during the entire period. Values of dP/dV calculated at common pressure levels, were used as a second index of diastolic stiffness. They were increased after stunning, as also was the coronary perfusion pressure. When the heart was preconditioned with a single episode of ischemia, the systolic and diastolic alterations were completely abolished. We thus concluded that diastolic abnormalities incurred by myocardial stunning consist in both an increase in diastolic stiffness and an early impairment of isovolumic relaxation. The increase in stiffness cannot result from incomplete relaxation since these two parameters become temporally dissociated during the reperfusion period.     

血红素氧合酶-1在离体大鼠心肌缺血预适应中的作用

目的:分别观察给予HO-1诱导剂和抑制剂对心肌相对缺血再灌注损伤和缺血预适应的影响,探讨HO-1在缺血预适应中的作用.方法:实验动物随机分为对照组(CN)、缺血/再灌损伤组(I/R)、缺血预适应 缺血/再灌损伤组(PC)、HO-1诱导剂 缺血/再灌损伤组(HM)、HO-1抑制剂 缺血预适应组(ZP).心肌缺血/再灌损伤采用相对缺血/再灌损伤模型,缺血预适应则为相对缺血5min恢复5min,反复2次.测定心功能、MDA及HO-1活性变化.结果:HM组HO-1活性升高,心功能恢复率均显著高于IR组(P＜0.01),MDA含量显著低于IR组(P＜0.05).ZP组活性降低,心功能恢复率显著低于PC组(P＜0.05),MDA含量显著高于PC组(P＜0 05).结论:HO-1是缺血预适应释放的内源性活性物质之一.     

脑预缺血引起大鼠海马细胞膜腺苷受体数量和亲和力升高及其对神经元的保护作用

采用放射性配基结合法,测定大鼠全脑缺血后海马细胞膜腺苷(adenosine,ADO)受体数量及亲和力的变化,以探讨其与脑缺血耐受形成之间的关系。发现缺血6min即可导致海马组织明显的神经元延迟性死亡(delayed neuron     

Diabetic animal fed with high‐fat diet prevents the protective effect of myocardial ischemic preconditioning effect in isolated rat heart perfusion model

Diabetic heart (diabetes mellitus [DM]) has been shown to attenuate the beneficial effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in rat heart. But the effect of IPC on diabetic rat heart that develops myopathy remains unclear. This study was designed to test the impact of IPC on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) rat heart. Male Wistar rats were grouped as (a) normal, (b) DM (streptozotocin: 65 mg/kg; fed with normal diet), and (c) DCM (streptozotocin: 65 mg/kg; fed with high‐fat diet). Isolated rat hearts from each group were randomly subjected to (a) normal perfusion, (b) ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R), and (c) IPC procedure. At the end of the perfusion experiments, hearts were analyzed for injury, contractile function, mitochondrial activity, and oxidative stress. The results obtained from hemodynamics, cardiac injury markers, and caspase‐3 activity showed that DCM rat displayed prominent I/R‐associated cardiac abnormalities than DM rat heart. But the deteriorated physiological performance and cardiac injury were not recovered in both DM and DCM heart by IPC procedure. Unlike normal rat heart, IPC did not reverse mitochondrial dysfunction (determined by electron transport chain enzymes activity, ATP level, and membrane integrity, expression levels of genes like PGC‐1ɑ, GSK3β, complex I, II, and V) in DCM and DM rat heart. The present study demonstrated that IPC failed to protect I/R‐challenged DCM rat heart, and the underlying pathology was associated with deteriorated mitochondrial function.     

Effects of pharmacological preconditioning by emodin/oleanolic acid treatment and/or ischemic preconditioning on mitochondrial antioxidant components as well as the susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat hearts

Using an ex vivo rat heart model of ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, we examined the effect of pharmacological preconditioning by chronic treatment with emodin (EMD)/oleanolic acid (OA) at low dose (25 μ mol/kg/day × 15) and/or ischemic preconditioning (IPC) (4 cycles of 5 min ischemia followed by 5 min of reperfusion) on myocardial I-R injury. The results indicated that EMD/OA pretreatment, IPC, or their combinations (EMD+IPC and OA+IPC) protected against myocardial I-R injury, as assessed by lactate dehydrogenase leakage and contractile force recovery. The cardioprotection was associated with a differential enhancement in mitochondrial antioxidant components. The combined EMD/OA and IPC pretreatment produced cardioprotective action in a semi-additive manner. This suggested that EMD/OA pretreatment and IPC protected against myocardial I-R injury via a similar but not identical biochemical mechanism.