静脉泌尿系造影前口服番泻叶作肠道准备

我院自 1 994年以来 ,应用番泻叶口服做静脉泌尿系造影前的肠道准备 ,收到良好的效果。1　临床资料　　共造影 1 4 50例 ,其中男 980例 ,女 470例 ,年龄 1 9～ 67岁 ,平均 44岁。方法 :造影前 1 2 h用番泻叶 1 0 g泡开水 5min后口服 ,顿服 2 0 0 ml左右。结果 :本法基本达到了清洁肠道的目的 ,摄片甲级率 9 0 % ,造影片甲级率 96%。2　讨论　　由于静脉泌尿系造影要求一个良好的肠道准备 ,为准备肠道以往使用蓖麻油 ,由于蓖麻油未分解部分有覆盖作用 ,且对小肠有刺激 ,不宜服用。口服液体石蜡可妨碍脂溶性维生素和钙磷吸收。口服硫酸镁可有…     

多普勒超声引导下行痔动脉结扎术术前肠道准备时机探讨

目的:探讨多普勒超声引导下行痔动脉结扎术(DG-HAL)患者口服复方聚乙二醇电解质行肠道准备的时机.方法:采取前瞻性随机对照的方法,从2010年7月到2011年6月,共有120例接受DG-HAL术的痔患者被随机分成对照组和护理干预组,各60例.对照组术前1天16:00口服复方聚乙二醇电解质,实验组手术当天4:30口服复方聚乙二醇电解质,比较两种方法服药后初次排便时间、自行排便次数、大量不保留灌肠次数;患者手术前晚的食欲、睡眠情况;肠道清洁程度.结果:两组服药后初次排便时间、自行排便次数、排清水样大便时间、大量不保留灌肠次数差异无统计学意义;患者手术前晚的食欲、睡眠情况和肠道清洁程度差异有统计学意义.结论:实验组术日晨口服复方聚乙二醇电解质用于DG-HAL术术前肠道准备,手术前晚食欲、睡眠情况及肠道清洁程度均优于对照组.     

番泻叶联合甘露醇用于静脉尿路造影前肠道准备

目的探讨番泻叶联合甘露醇用于静脉尿路造影前肠道准备的效果。方法选择需行静脉尿路造影检查的患者100例,随机分为两组,对照组;造影前1日晚餐后2h用番泻叶20g加水泡服2000ml左右,造影晨用生理盐水清洁灌肠;观察组：造影前1日晚餐后2h用番泻叶20g加水300ml泡服,而后口服20％甘露醇250ml,造影前12h禁食和控制饮水。结果两组摄片效果及不良反应率比较,差异有显著性意义（均P〈0．05）。结论番泻叶联合甘露醇行静脉尿路造影前肠道准备,效果显著,既减轻患者痛苦,又减少护士工作量,提高了工作效率。     

319例静脉肾盂造影临床护理分析

目的:探讨静脉肾盂造影中护理干预的方法和作用。方法:对2004年2月至2008年12月进行的319例静脉肾孟造影检查,检查前、检查中、检查后的护理情况进行分析。319例患者接受静脉肾盂造影,289例选用泛影葡胺,41例选用欧乃派克。结果:5例在检查中、4例在检查后出现不良反应。6例在解除腹部压迫后,出现头晕、下肢无力。结论:进行静脉肾盂造影前应详细询问病史,应注意心理护理;检查前要充分评估患者准备情况;在静脉肾盂造影过程中,良好的护理配合是成功完成静脉肾盂造影的重要条件     

乳果糖口服液联合聚乙二醇电解质散剂在便秘患者行结肠镜检查前肠道准备中的应用研究

目的:探讨便秘患者行结肠镜检查前联合应用乳果糖口服液联合聚乙二醇电解质散剂的临床效果。方法:将90例接受结肠镜检查的便秘患者分为实验组和对照组,每组各45例,实验组肠镜检查前1天口服乳果糖口服液及聚乙二醇电解质散剂,对照组检查前1天口服聚乙二醇电解质散剂,比较两组患者的首次大便时间(开始服药至初次大便时间)、排便次数、大便清澈时间(初次大便至大便清澈时间)、肠道准备清洁度和不良反应情况。结果:实验组首次大便时间、大便清澈时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组完成肠道准备的排便次数较对照组次数增多,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组肠道准备清洁度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:便秘患者结肠镜检查前肠道准备中联合应用乳果糖口服液联合聚乙二醇电解质散剂可提高肠道清洁度,增加排便次数,缩短大便清澈时间,达到理想的清肠效果,有助于发现微小病变,降低肠镜检查的漏诊率。     

大肠手术前肠道准备对肠道菌群的影响

通过对２６例大肠手术术前肠道准备病人的观察,术前肠道准备能明显减少肠道细菌的数量,同时肠道菌群也随之发生不同程度的变化,它提示大肠术前肠道准备可减少大肠手术合并症,同时对肠道菌群造成一定的影响。     

时间减影在静脉肾盂造影中的应用价值研究

目的探讨数字X线机(DFR)时间减影对静脉肾盂造影的诊断价值,并与常规单纯DFR静脉肾盂造影比较。方法对38例运用数字(DFR)静脉肾盂造影的检查者,同时采用时间减影进行分析。检查结果正常16例,肾盂积水、肾结石、输尿管畸形、输尿管结石等22例。结论数字静脉肾盂造影检查 时间减影检查,较好地克服了传统造影方法的不足,为泌尿系统的诊断和治疗提供了更全面和确切的依据,取得了较好的临床效果。     

一种预包装无渣流食对结肠镜检查患者肠道准备效果影响的随机对照研究

目的：观察一种预包装无渣流食与传统低渣饮食比较对结肠镜检查患者肠道准备效果的影响,为其作为肠道准备代餐提供临床研究依据。方法：采用随机对照干预研究,2019年11月-2020年1月解放军总医院门诊招募73名拟行无痛结肠镜检查的患者,随机分为饮食组（n=36例,检查前2日均低渣饮食）和代餐组（n=37例,检查前天低渣饮食+前1天预包装无渣流食）,比较两组检查前2日膳食营养素摄入情况和饥饿程度评分、Boston肠道准备量表（BBPS）评分、结肠镜操作时间及息肉检出率。结果：共70例受试者完成研究（饮食组35例、代餐组35例）;代餐组肠镜检查前2日蛋白质、脂肪及膳食纤维平均摄入量显著低于饮食组（P<0.05）;代餐组Boston总评分（6.49±1.12）显著高于饮食组（5.71±1.18）,且在盲肠和升结肠、降结肠到直肠部位Boston评分（2.09±0.45、2.29±0.46）均显著高于饮食组（1.80±0.47、1.90±0.54）（P<0.05）;肠道准备优良率（BBPS总评分≥8分）代餐组显著高于饮食组,且肠镜检查操作时间显著低于饮食组（P<0.05）;两组肠镜结肠息肉检出率在各部位无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,但代餐组结肠息肉总检出率（54.29%）显著高于饮食组（20.00%）（P<0.05）。结论：结肠镜检前进食预包装无渣流食较传统低渣饮食能够显著改善肠道准备效果,提高结肠息肉总检出率。     

两种微泡造影剂评价输卵管通畅性的临床效果观察

目的:研究全氟丙烷人血白蛋白微球注射液(简称全氟丙烷白蛋白)在评价输卵管通畅性的临床应用效果。方法:96例不孕症患者分为两组,分别应用全氟丙烷白蛋白和Sono Vue进行子宫输卵管造影,实时观察造影剂在子宫、输卵管及盆腔显影情况,判断输卵管通畅性并记录病人即时疼痛指数。其中全氟丙烷白蛋白组中19例进行X线子宫输卵管造影。结果:两组超声造影结果对比,显影清晰率、图像质量及即时疼痛指数无统计学差异,一致性较好。全氟丙烷白蛋白Hy Co Sy组19例同时进行X线子宫输卵管造影,两种方法一致程度较好。结论:应用全氟丙烷白蛋白进行子宫输卵管超声造影可作为临床评价输卵管通畅性的一种有效方法。     

三种淡水鱼类在中国南北两个地区的肠道菌群差异比较

山东省德州市禹城市和湖南省长沙市望城区分别属于我国北方和南方地区,环境和气候差异明显。本试验以禹城市和望城区两地的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)、鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)和鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)为研究对象,对肠道中的菌群进行16s rRNA V4高变区扩增,基于IonS5 TM XL测序平台进行测序,并对相关数据进行分析。结果表明,在门水平上鲫鱼、鲤鱼、草鱼的肠道优势菌主要为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)、硬壁菌门(Firmicutes),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),各组中这四种菌门所占比之和均在80%以上;基于Bray-Curtis距离值的秩次进行组间差异显著性检验,山东草鱼组和湖南草鱼组比较中组间差异大于组内差异(R=0.307,P<0.05),且线性判别分析显示湖南草鱼组的特征性菌群为弧菌属,而山东草鱼组的为梭菌纲,推测特征性菌群差异与环境的影响有关;有害菌种的统计分析表明,湖南鲫鱼组和鲤鱼组的嗜水气单胞菌属相对丰度明显高于对应的山东鲫鱼组和鲤鱼组,山东草鱼组和鲤鱼组的弧菌属相对丰度高于对应的湖南草鱼组和鲤鱼组,可能受外界环境的影响,不同地区抵御外来有害细菌的能力也不一样。本研究对两地的淡水鱼类肠道微生物群落结构进行了比较和分析,为进一步的鱼类发育研究奠定基础。     

Comparison of methods for sample preparation of individual rat cerebrospinal fluid samples prior to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Different pre-treatment methods have been compared for two-dimensional mapping of individual rat cerebrospinal fluid samples based on acetone, trichloroacetic acid/acetone and methanol/acetone precipitation of proteins. Acetone precipitation following incubation with DTT gave the highest protein recovery (72%) and the largest number of protein spots (92 +/- 4) as well as minimizing the time taken.     

Electrically induced fusion of mammalian cells in the presence of polyethylene glycol

Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells were fused by subjecting cell suspensions to an exponentially decaying electric pulse in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG), Dextran or Ficoll. PEG (MW 1,000, 3,350, 8,000, 10,000 and 18,500), Dextran (MW 71,200) and Ficoll (MW 400,000) were added to the pulsing medium. A single exponential electric pulse with peak field strength of 4 kV/cm, and a half-time of 0.72 msec was used. The combination of two techniques, PEG-induced fusion and electrofusion, resulted in highly efficient fusion of CHO cells. Fusion yields (FY) at different concentrations of these polymers were measured using phase-contrast microscopy. FY was highly dependent on the concentration of PEG in media, while the presence of Dextran and Ficoll had no influence on fusion yield. PEG with MW 8,000 was found to be the most effective in causing cell aggregation, and to give the highest FY (40%). An optimal concentration for fusion was found for PEG of each molecular weight. Diluting cells suspended in higher concentrations of PEG to these optimal concentrations after the pulse application regained the optimal FY. It was concluded that PEG-induced prepulse aggregation and moderate cell swelling immediately after the pulse were important factors in achieving high fusion yields.This work is supported by a grant GM-30969 from the National Institutes of Health. Traveling fellowship to N.G.S. was supported from Foundation Cyrill and Methodius and grant N-189 from MCES of Bulgaria.     

Effects of feeding sainfoin proanthocyanidins to lactating ewes on intake,milk production and plasma metabolites

There is increasing interest in using sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) to feed sheep, but it contains proanthocyanidins (PACs), and the associated effects of PAC on sheep production are not well-known. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the presence of PAC from sainfoin, through the inclusion of polyethylene glycol (PEG), on the intake and productive parameters of local ewes bearing one male lamb. For the experiment, 20 ewes and their newborn male lambs were placed in individual indoor cages. All ewes were fed ad libitum fresh sainfoin plus 200 g/d barley. Twice daily, half of the ewes were orally dosed with only water (Sainfoin Group; n = 10), and the other half were orally dosed with 100 g/d PEG 4000 per ewe (Sainfoin + PEG Group; n = 10). Sucking lambs were permanently housed with their dams until they reached 10–12 kg BW. The intake of sainfoin was recorded daily, and its chemical composition was analysed. Weekly, the BW, body condition score (BCS), milk yields and individual milk and blood samples were recorded. At the beginning and end of the experiment, faecal samples were collected from ewes and analysed for the anthelmintic role of PAC. The chemical composition, polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of the diet and milk were analysed. The presence of PAC did not affect the intake, BW, BCS or milk yield of the dams (P > 0.05); however, all parameters were affected by the week of lactation (P < 0.05). Milk components were affected by the week of lactation (P < 0.001), but only the polyphenol and urea contents were reduced in the presence of PAC (P < 0.01). Similarly, the presence of PAC decreased the plasma urea concentration (P < 0.01) without effect on the rest of metabolites, polyphenols and antioxidant activity (P > 0.05). The presence of PAC had no effect on parasitism (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the presence of PAC had no relevant effects on milk production, although it affected protein metabolism, as indicated by the urea contents in milk and plasma.     

Effect of water stress on germination of some Hungarian wheat landraces varieties

In order to examine germination characters, seedling parameters, water relative content, tolerance index and enzyme activities of seven Hungarian wheat landraces varieties (Tiszadadai, Riscsei, Komloi, Leweucei, Mateteleki, Mikebudai and Nyiradi) under five concentrations of water stress (0, 6, 12, 18, and 24%) of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). A laboratory experiment has been conducted through Factorial Experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four repetitions at Research Institute of Nyiregyhaza, Hungary. From the obtained results, Leweucei variety was surpassed other studied verities under study and recorded the highest values of all studied characters followed by Mateteleki, Komloi, Nyiradi, Riscsei, Tiszadadai and Mikebudai. Increasing water stress (PEG-6000) from 0 to 6, 12, 18 and 24% significantly reduced germination characters, seedlings parameters, water relative content (WRC), tolerance index and α and β-amylases activities. Generally, under water stress condition, Leweucei and Mateteleki varieties were recorded the highest values of water relative content (WRC), tolerance index (TI) and α and β-amylases activities as well as able to prompt better drought tolerance and could be suggested as a good resource for breeding programs and cultivation under drought stress conditions compared with other wheat landraces varieties.     

Acoustic emission during cooling and heating of aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycols of molecular masses from 300 to 3000

The object of this research is to study acoustic emissions (AE) in aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of molecular masses from 300 to 3000 during cooling at 100 degrees C/min and heating at 70 degrees C/min in the temperature range from 0 to -196 degrees C. The dependence of AE intensity on PEG concentration and molecular mass is analysed. The AE intensity correlated with the crystalline to amorphous phase ratio in the frozen system.     

Metal ion separations in polyethylene glycol-based aqueous biphasic systems: correlation of partitioning behavior with available thermodynamic hydration data

Solvent extraction, utilizing an oil-water mixture (e.g, chloroform-water) and a suitable complexant, is a proven technology for the selective removal and recovery of metal ions from aqueous solutions. Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS), formed by mixing certain inorganic salts and water-soluble polymers, or by mixing two dissimilar water-soluble polymers, have been studied for more than 40 years for the gentle, non-denaturing separation of fragile biomolecules, yet ABS have been virtually ignored as a possible extraction technology for metal ions. In this report we review our metal ion partitioning work and discuss the three major types of partitioning: (1) those rare instances that the metal ion species present in a given solution partitions to the PEG-rich phase without an extractant; (2) the use of halide salts which produce a metal anion complex that partitions to the PEG-rich phase; and (3) the use of a water-soluble extractant which distributes to the PEG-rich phase. In addition, we correlate the partitioning behavior we observed with available thermodynamic data for metal ions and their complexes.     

Reduction in time required for synthesis of high specific surface area silica from pyrolyzed rice husk by precipitation at low pH

Porous silica with a high specific surface area (SSA) was prepared from pyrolyzed rice husk (PRH) by adding H₃PO₄ to sodium silicate solution (SSS) until the pH values of 5.7, 5.0, 4.1 and 3.2 were achieved. The preparation process involved producing SSS from PRH, forming silica-polyethylene glycol (PEG) composites using SSS, H₃PO₄ and PEG, and calcinating the composites. The required preparation time was below 10 h, and the SSA of the sample prepared at pH 3.2 reached 1018 m²/g. Decreasing pH significantly increased the amount of PEG incorporated into the silica-PEG composites, and hence more pores were generated in the lower pH sample when the PEG was destroyed by calcination at 500 °C. The process developed in this study could lead to more efficient conversion of rice husk into high value-added porous materials that might be used for the adsorption of gas and heavy metal ions.     

Effect of Surfactants on Activity and Stability of Native and Chemically Modified Lipases A and B from Candida Rugosa

The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton X-100 on the hydrolytic activity of lipases A and B from Candida rugosa has been studied. Lipase B is significantly more affected than lipase A by the presence of both surfactants; Triton X-100 produces a more deleterious effect than SDS with both isoenzymes. In addition, the stability of lipases A and B in the presence of different concentrations of SDS was investigated; lipase A was more stable than isoform B. Both isoenzymes were chemically modified by reaction of their amino groups with octanoyl chloride or activated polyethylene glycol (PEG, mol. wt. 5000). In all cases the modification produced a protective effect against denaturation by SDS. In particular, PEG₅₀₀₀-liPases A and B were significantly more stable (stabilization factor: 3-4) than the native enzymes at the surfactant concentrations tested.