不同程度口源性口臭患者口腔菌群分析CSCD

目的收集不同程度口源性口臭(IOH)患者和健康者的唾液、舌苔、颊黏膜和颚黏膜菌群样本,探讨其口腔菌群组成差异。方法随机选取于2017年6月至2022年6月以口臭为主诉就诊于新疆医科大学第一附属医院门诊的7例IOH患者和于健康管理中心体检的3例健康者,按照口气值分为轻度IOH组(H1组)、中度IOH组(H2组)和口气正常组(C组)。采集3组人群唾液、舌苔、颊黏膜和颚黏膜菌群样本。采用16S rDNA测序对微生物群进行分类比较、多样性分析和组间物种差异分析。结果仅IOH患者唾液菌群多样性明显高于健康者,且H2组高于H1组(P<0.05)。Adonis分析显示,唾液和舌苔菌群组间差异显著(P<0.05),而颊黏膜和颚黏膜菌群组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。属水平上,H1组唾液和舌苔中梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)相对丰度相比其他两组最高。LEfSe分析显示,H2组唾液中嗜血杆菌属(Haemophilus)和AF12,舌苔中奇异菌属(Atopobium)和巨球型菌属(Megasphaera)为主要优势菌。结论口腔菌群多样性增高可能是口臭加重的早期改变;唾液和舌苔菌群结构变化可能与IOH程度相关;梭杆菌属、嗜血杆菌属、AF12、奇异菌属和巨球型菌属可能是IOH加重的标志菌属。     

口源性口臭病因及治疗的研究进展

口臭是指呼吸时出现的臭味气体,气体中所含的主要成分是挥发性硫化物。它由多种因素造成,但约80-90%是来源于口腔内因素。研究表明,口腔微生物与口臭及口气中挥发性硫化物存在密切关系。传统的机械治疗方法和化学治疗方法虽然可以短期内改善口臭状况,但长期疗效不尽如人意。近年来,对化学抗菌剂替代品的研究和开发,成效显著。本文综述了口源性口臭病因及治疗的最新研究进展。     

口源性口臭病因及治疗的研究进展

口臭是指呼吸时出现的臭味气体,气体中所含的主要成分是挥发性硫化物。它由多种因素造成,但约80-90%是来源于口腔内因素。研究表明,口腔微生物与口臭及口气中挥发性硫化物存在密切关系。传统的机械治疗方法和化学治疗方法虽然可以短期内改善口臭状况,但长期疗效不尽如人意。近年来,对化学抗菌剂替代品的研究和开发,成效显著。本文综述了口源性口臭病因及治疗的最新研究进展。     

口源性口臭患者主要厌氧菌的分布

目的分析口臭患者龈下菌斑和舌苔上主要相关厌氧菌的分布情况。方法选择口腔门诊中口臭患者29例,鼻闻法来确定产臭部位和非产臭部位;分别采集龈下菌斑和舌苔标本接种在非选择性培养基和核梭杆菌选择性培养基,厌氧培养5d后记录非选择性培养基上生长的细菌总数、产黑色素细菌总数及核梭杆菌选择性培养基上生长的目的菌总数。结果29例患者中,15例患者的口臭主要来源于龈缘菌斑,10例主要来源于舌苔,4例患者的口臭由龈缘菌斑和舌苔共同产生;产臭部位和非产臭部位相比,细菌总数、产黑色素菌和具核梭杆菌数都明显上升（P〈0．01）。结论口源性口臭患者口气变化与产黑色素细菌、核梭杆菌相关。     

抗口臭中药复方的筛选

目的筛选有效、安全的抗口臭中药处方,为抗口臭护理用品提供研发实验依据。方法选用9味可食性中药用口臭主要相关菌种的敏感试验及硫化物检测仪（Hallimeter）检测含硫代谢产物。按单味中药及复合配方两步筛选,确定有效处方。结果9味中药敏感试验证实乌梅、丁香抑菌作用强于其它中药,菊花降低硫化物较强,特别在无抑菌浓度作用下仍有减低硫化物作用。结论乌梅、丁香、菊花配方有较强抗口臭作用,待进一步临床证实。     

义齿口臭的相关因素研究

目的:探讨义齿口臭的的相关因素。方法:选择62例无牙周疾病且全身健康(心血管系统疾病除外)的上颌义齿修复者,鼻闻法检查口臭程度(OR值),使用便携式口气测量仪(halitosis)测量VSCs量,记录义齿使用时间、菌斑指数(plaque index,PLI)。结果:Spearman相关分析法显示口臭值与义齿使用时间、PLI存在正相关(r=0.73,r=0.52,P<0.01),义齿口臭OR值与VSCs量存在正相关(r=0.62,p<0.01),义齿使用时间与PLI也有一定的相关性(r=0.259,P<0.05)。结论:口臭值、VSCs量与聚甲基丙烯酸脂基托义齿使用时间、PLI均有关系,义齿口臭的气体成份不完全同于其它口源性口臭。     

工程细胞单克隆筛选及单克隆源性验证

工程细胞的单克隆源性是保证产品质量的重要因素之一,因此得到了越来越多的重视。当前,药物审评机构要求报批单位采用合适的实验手段证明所使用细胞的单克隆源性。综述通过介绍生产用工程细胞株单克隆的挑选过程及诸如有限稀释法、ClonePix、流式细胞术等常用方法,讨论如何确保工程细胞的单克隆源性,以及在生物药品生产过程中保证工程细胞单克隆源性的意义。     

探讨小儿手足口病并发神经源性肺水肿的临床护理方法

目的:探讨小儿手足口病并发神经源性肺水肿临床护理方法及效果。方法:选取2013年4月-2014年8月在我院接受治疗的50例手口足病并发神经源性水肿患者展开研究,密切刮观察患儿病情,实施有效的护理措施,观察患者的护理效果。结果:50例患儿给予呼吸道护理、吸痰护理、拔管护理、高温护理等措施后,患者均已痊愈出院,治愈率高达100%。其中有3例存在神经系统后遗症,转入康复科治疗3个月后痊愈出院。结论:手口足病并发神经源性水肿患者实施正确有效的护理措施,可以降低不良病症发生率,从而提升救治成功率。     

动物源性传染病

人与动物生活在同一个地球上,都是地球村的居民,彼此和谐共处,既是邻居,也是朋友。随着家庭宠物业的兴起,使越来越多的人有机会零距离地接触动物。据统计,在美国每天就有一亿人与动物直接接触,现在美国人口已达三亿,因此有三分之一的美国人每天与动物打交道。世界各国各地区的情况也大体相似,中国也不例外。2006年1～10月,北京市因动物致伤已达113167人次（北京市卫生局公布）。     

燕山地区青白口系疑源类

采用浸渍方法在中国北部燕山地区青白口系中发现大量疑源类,共计47属148种。疑源类的大量繁衍代表当时古地理环境为海域广阔、盐度正常的浅水海相沉积。青白口系(800—900Ma)疑源类主要特征:以单球藻类的大量繁衍并伴有多球藻类的分子;在线形藻类中有带状和管状的藻类,以宽度大、数量多为主要特征。其次由多个球形细胞组成的藻丝体;有少量船形藻类的分子出现;800—900Ma之间微生物群主要由下列类型组成:Mi-crococentrica,Satka,Symplasosphaeridium,Synsphaeridium,Chuaria,Statimophada,Tasmanites,Siphono-phycus,Taeniatum等属的分子。以上疑源类的稳定性和可比性,可作为具有广泛生物地层对比依据。     

口腔微生态失衡导致口腔异味的研究

目的介绍口腔微生态失调与口腔疾病的关系,口腔疾病出现口腔气味异常的机制。综合分析口腔微生态与口腔健康的研究动态及意义。展望口腔微生态调整在口腔疾病治疗中的作用研究,尤其在消除口腔异昧的积极作用。方法由第一、二作者应用计算机通过pubmed检索NCBI数据库1992年至2007年相关文献,检索词为“Micro ecology”,限定语言种类为“English”;同时检索CNKI全文数据库、维普全文数据库1995年至2007年相关文献,检索词为“微生态”,限定语言种类为中文。纳入标准：文章内容与口腔微生态相关的研究、以及在口腔疾病研究领域有关。排除标准：较陈旧的文献和重复研究。结果共收集到106篇相关文献,21篇文献纳入本文,其中,19篇为综述和述评类文献,19篇为中文杂志,2篇为外文杂志。结论致病菌大量生长繁殖,口腔微生态失调,菌斑内微生物之间以及机体与菌斑之间相互作用分解蛋白产生硫化物,这些代谢产物包括H2S、CH3SH、CH3SCH3、吲哚、甲基吲哚、挥发脂肪酸和聚胺等发出刺激性气味,产生口腔异味。治疗口腔异味应该考虑平衡口腔微生态,调整口腔菌群。口腔异味的治疗又有利于口腔菌群平衡。提示我们治疗口腔疾病应该考虑口腔微生态平衡。     

Influence of anxiety on the production of oral volatile sulfur compounds

Since many patients complain about halitosis without there being any clinical evidence of its cause, psychological symptoms have been pointed out as halitosis-inducing factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of anxiety on the production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC). Seventeen undergraduate men in good oral and general health participated in this study, after approval by the ethics committee. The volunteers were requested to refrain from toothbrushing, using mouth rinse and eating on the experimental day. Before presenting the anxiogenic condition, the volunteer was asked to fill out the Beck Anxiety Inventory questionnaire, to check whether he had been exposed to stressors during the previous week. The Video-Recorded Stroop Color-Word Test (VRSCWT) was used to elicit anxiety. The VSC (halimeter), blood pressure, heart rate and salivary flow measurements were taken before and after the VRSCWT. The volunteers presented a minimal or slight level of anxiety before the test. There was an increase in the oral concentration of VSC, Systolic Blood Pressure and of heart rate (p < 0.05) after the VRSCWT, and no changes in the salivary flow. The results of the present study showed that the anxiogenic condition (VRSCWT) induced increases in VSC concentration, which might contribute to halitosis.     

Isolation and identification of the oral bacteria and their characterization for bacteriocin production in the oral cavity

Oral cavity is a diverse ecosystem which harbors immense diversity of microorganisms like fungi, virus and bacteria. Some of these microorganisms are involved in causing multiple infections. Oral flora is continuously changing due to connection with the external environment and produce bacteriocin against each other to compete for nutrient in this mini ecosystem. Current study was aimed to explore and compare the bacterial fauna of both healthy and non-healthy dental samples, by isolation and identification with biochemical tests to characterize the bacteriocin production. During study 120 swabs were taken from both healthy and unhealthy subjects. Samples were collected from the dental clinics of Makkah City, in sterile eppendorfs containing 1 ml nutrient broth, and were incubated overnight using shaking incubator. Bacteria were isolated following identification through Gram staining, microscopy and biochemical test. Total 15 strains of bacteria were isolated during the study amongst which 8 strains were gram positive and 7 strains were gram negative. The most dominant species of the gram positive strains was Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 26). On the other hand, Escherichia coli (n = 26) was the prominent specie amongst the gram negative strains. Overall, the dominated family was Enterobacteriaceae (19.36%) followed by Streptococcaceae with 13.83% abundance. One of the most cariogenic strain Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 14) was also isolated. The bacterial strain diversity between these two type of ecosystem was approximately the same, with slight variation in Shannon (HS:2.627187, NHS:2.653594) and Simpson diversity (HS:0.923461, NHS: 0.92684) index. The current research revealed that bacteriocin production in the Enterobacter species was prominent against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Apart from this other strains like Klebsiella pneumoniae and Exiguobacterium spp were also able to produce bacteriocin against Enterobacter species and Bacillus cereus respectively.     

Formation of volatile sulfur compounds and metabolism of methionine and other sulfur compounds in fermented food

The formation of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) in fermented food is a subject of interest. Such compounds are essential for the aroma of many food products like cheeses or fermented beverages, in which they can play an attractive or a repulsive role, depending on their identity and their concentration. VSC essentially arise from common sulfur-bearing precursors, methionine being the most commonly found. In the first section of this paper, the main VSC found in cheese, wine, and beer are reviewed. It is shown that a wide variety of VSC has been evidenced in these food products. Because of their low odor threshold and flavor notes, these compounds impart essential sensorial properties to the final product. In the second section of this review, the main (bio)chemical pathways leading to VSC synthesis are presented. Attention is focused on the microbial/enzymatic phenomena—which initiate sulfur bearing precursors degradation—leading to VSC production. Although chemical reactions could also play an important role in this process, this aspect is not fully developed in our review. The main catabolic pathways leading to VSC from the precursor methionine are presented.     

适用微生物法检测的农药敏感双歧杆菌菌株筛选研究

目的分离筛选出一株对甲胺磷敏感的双歧杆菌菌株。方法双歧杆菌菌株传代筛选,取一系列浓度(4.0、2.0、1.0、0.5和0.25μg/m L)的甲胺磷农药标准溶液30μL加入含TPY液体培养基的检测管溶液内,双歧杆菌菌株接种到检测管内,37℃厌氧培养12 h,测定检测管液体A值。结果筛选一株甲胺磷敏感的短双歧杆菌菌株LJM-006,微生物抑制法的最佳接种浓度107CFU/m L,最低检测限0.5 mg/L。结论筛选一株甲胺磷敏感的双歧杆菌LJM-006菌株,并可作为微生物法检测甲胺磷残留的菌株。     

Method for liquid–liquid extraction of blood surrogates for assessing human exposure to jet fuel

A baseline method of liquid–liquid extraction for assessing human exposure to JP-8 jet fuel was established by extracting several representative compounds ranging from very volatile to semi-volatile organic compounds, including benzene, toluene, nonane, decane, undecane, tridecane, tetradecane and pentadecane, from PBS buffer. Some specific techniques for solvent selection, solvent evaporation, and GC analysis were developed to accommodate this wide range of constituents of JP-8. The application of the established method to the extraction and quantitative analysis of JP-8 from PBS and bovine plasma was demonstrated.     

一株降解煤油菌株的筛选与鉴定

本文通过从污水处理厂活性污泥中分离得到一株高效降解轻油(煤油)细菌5092-2,通过形态学、16S rRNA鉴定该菌为Mangroveibacter sp.。进一步对其生长条件进行了研究,发现该菌在23℃到38℃、pH为5.0到9.0范围内生长无明显差异。在温度为35℃,pH 7.2~7.4,160 r/min培养7 d,菌株降解煤油的能力达到52.3%,具有进一步研究的价值。