Immortalization of bovine germ line stem cells by c-myc and hTERT

The limited life span of bovine germ line stem cells in vitro is one of the obstacles to spermatogenesis analysis, genetic manipulation and generating transgenic animal. The aim of this study is to establish immortalized bovine germ line stem cells by c-myc or hTERT. We constructed pEMY and pETE expression vectors and transfected germ line cells from 5-month-old bovine. After G418 screening, four types of positive clones were obtained. The results showed that they expressed exogenous genes c-myc or hTERT at mRNA and protein level by RT-PCR and Western blotting detection. Presumable cell lines GM7, GT3, GMT5 all expressed germ-line-stem-cell-specific makers by immunocytochemical analysis, such as c-kit, Oct-4 and GFR-1. The putative cell lines also had higher capacity of proliferation than freshly isolated bovine spermatogonial stem cells. So we can conclude that exogenous genes c-myc or hTERT have integrated into the genome of bovine germ cells and upregulated the expression of telomerase.     

人端粒酶逆转录酶核酶抑制端粒酶活性

为有效切割端粒酶逆转录酶mRNA以降低端粒酶活性 ,从而使肿瘤细胞生长变慢 ,凋亡增加。设计并合成了针对端粒酶逆转录酶mRNA的锤头状核酶基因 ,构建了该核酶基因的体外转录和真核表达质粒。检测了该核酶对端粒酶逆转录酶mRNA的体外切割效力。并将该核酶基因转染至肿瘤细胞中 ,检测其对肿瘤细胞端粒酶活性和生物学性状的影响。结果表明 ,该核酶在体外和细胞内均能有效切割端粒酶逆转录酶mRNA ;在细胞内能明显抑制端粒酶活性 ,使细胞生长变慢 ,倍增时间延长。因而 ,该核酶可望成为有效的端粒酶抑制剂 ,在抑制肿瘤生长中发挥作用     

以hTR模板区为靶点的抗肿瘤药物设计策略

端粒酶几乎在所有的人类癌细胞中均异常表达,它的持久活性对肿瘤的增殖是必需的。因此,抑制端粒酶活性代表了一种新的癌症治疗机制。端粒酶全酶复合物有多处可以做为抑制剂的靶点,包括hTR、hTERT、引物锚定位点等。本文对以端粒酶RNA模板区为靶点的抗肿瘤药物设计策略进行了综述,包括对该区域进行点突变、使用反义寡核苷酸封闭模板区、改变端粒酶RNA空间构象等,并探讨了目前抑制端粒酶活性研究中存在的一些问题。     

MOV10 as a novel telomerase-associated protein

A novel telomerase-associated protein was isolated from porcine testis. The 115-kDa protein, purified with telomerase activity, was molecular cloned using human cDNA library, and identified as MOV10. The expression levels of both MOV10 mRNA and MOV10 protein in cancer cells were 2-3 times higher than that of the normal cells, and MOV10 mRNA was highly expressed in human testis and ovary. The anti-MOV10 antibody precipitated the telomerase activity from cancer cell extracts, and inhibited the telomerase activity in vitro. Sf9-expressed MOV10 protein bound to G-rich strand of both single- and double-stranded telomere-sequenced DNA, but not to single C-rich strand. ChIP assay showed the binding of MOV10 to telomere region in vivo. These data suggest that MOV10 is involved in the progression of telomerase-catalyzing reaction via the interaction of telomerase protein and telomere DNA.     

Telomerase Activity Is Sensitive to Subtle Perturbations of the TLC1 Pseudoknot 3′ Stem and Tertiary Structure

Pseudoknot formation in the core region of the telomerase RNA has been demonstrated to be important for telomerase activity in vertebrates, ciliates, and yeast. Characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomerase RNA (TLC1) pseudoknot identified tertiary structural interactions that are also important for telomerase activity, as previously observed for the Kluyveromyces lactis and human telomerase RNA pseudoknots. In addition, the contributions of backbone ribose 2′-OH groups in the pseudoknot to telomerase catalysis were investigated previously, using 2′-OH (ribose) to 2′-H (deoxyribose) or 2′-O-methyl substitutions in the stem 2 helix, and it was proposed that one or more 2′-OH groups from the stem 2 sequences at or near the triple helix participate in telomerase catalysis. Based on these studies and investigations of the structural and thermodynamic properties of the TLC1 RNA pseudoknot region, we have examined the structural and thermodynamic perturbations of the 2′-O-methyl and 2′-H substituted pseudoknots, using UV-monitored thermal denaturation, native gel electrophoresis, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Our results demonstrate the presence of A-form helical geometry perturbations in the backbone sugar substituted pseudoknots, show a correlation between thermodynamic stability and telomerase activity, and are consistent with the identification of the U809 ribose 2′-OH as a potential contributor to telomerase activity.     

定量分析诱导山羊体细胞重编程过程中端粒酶的表达变化

动物体细胞重编程为诱导多能干细胞(iPS)是目前干细胞生物学研究的热点。文中重点对山羊体细胞重编程过程中端粒酶(TERT)基因的相对表达量进行了检测,探讨了山羊重编程细胞的形成与端粒酶基因表达的关系。从关中奶山羊胎儿皮肤分离得到的胎儿成纤维细胞(GEF),其增殖能力较强,核型正常(60条XY),通过转录因子在体外诱导得到山羊重编程细胞。利用Real-timeRT-PCR方法首先对关中奶山羊胎儿各种组织的TERT表达进行了检测,结果表明睾丸组织中TERT的表达显著高于上皮组织(P0.01),在山羊胎儿的其他组织中TERT也有不同程度的表达。对原代重编程细胞和4株不完全重编程细胞株的TERT表达检测结果发现,碱性磷酸酶(AP)阳性的重编程细胞端粒酶表达量要显著高于AP阴性的重编程细胞(P0.01)。这一结果揭示,激活端粒酶活性并使其保持较高的表达水平对体细胞的重编程至关重要。     

RNAi靶向VP2基因抑制中蜂囊状幼虫病毒在中华蜜蜂幼虫体内复制研究

中蜂囊状幼虫病(Chinese sacbrood disease,CSBD)是造成中华蜜蜂患病死亡的主要原因之一,目前尚无有效的治疗方法。为了研究靶向中蜂囊状幼虫病毒(Chinese sacbrood virus,CSBV)结构蛋白VP2基因的siRNA介导的RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)作用和其对CSBV在中华蜜蜂幼虫体内复制的影响,设计合成针对CSBV VP2基因的特异性siRNA,以100 nM的浓度与pEGFPN1-VP2-CSBV融合表达载体共同转染至293T细胞中,通过荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪观察和分析siRNA在体外对CSBV VP2基因表达的干扰效果。同时,将siRNA(1μg/μL)和1×10~7拷贝数的CSBV共同饲喂2日龄中华蜜蜂幼虫,检测幼虫体内CSBV拷贝数和幼虫存活率,研究siR-NA对中华蜜蜂幼虫体内CSBV复制的影响。荧光结果显示,在293T细胞中siRNA能抑制CSBV VP2蛋白的表达,并且通过流式细胞仪检测分析发现干扰效果接近40%。幼虫饲喂实验表明,饲喂siRNA组在各时间点幼虫体内CSBV拷贝数均低于CSBV对照组,且在摄入siRNA后感染CSBV的幼虫存活率明显上升,与CSBV组差异极显著(P<0.01)。通过本研究,证明了针对CSBV结构蛋白VP2基因的特异性siRNA能够介导产生RNAi,影响CSBV在中蜂体内的复制,为深入研究CSBV VP2基因的功能和研发抗CSBV生物制剂提供了理论基础。