威灵仙中的三萜皂苷类成分及其抗关节炎作用机制的研究进展

威灵仙为毛茛科铁线莲属植物威灵仙(Clematis chinensis Osbeck.)、棉团铁线莲(Clematis hexapetala Pall.)或东北铁线莲(Clematis manshurica Rupr.)的干燥根和根茎。近年来,随着对威灵仙化学成分和药理活性研究的深入,其三萜皂苷类成分在治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)和骨关节(OA)方面的作用已得到充分证实。为了科学合理的利用该药材,本文对药典收载的三种威灵仙药材中三萜皂苷类成分的分布及其抗关节炎的药理机制进行了概述。     

中药栀子类药材资源调查和商品药材鉴定

目的 :对中药栀子类药材进行品种整理。方法 :到产地进行原植物调查并对收集到的国内 30余件商品药材进行了性状鉴定。结果 :列出了栀子原植物分类检索表、产地分布表和商品药材鉴定表。结论 :我国栀子属植物约有 10个品种 ,商品药材的来源以栀子为主 ,其次为水栀子、大红栀子 ,其它仅为地方用药     

淫羊藿根茎的生药学研究

对淫羊藿（EpimediumbrevicornumMaxim．）根茎的药材性状、显微特征和理化鉴定等方面作了系统的生药学研究,表明根茎的结构特征为皮层部位有纤维群。木质部导管沿切线方向排成三列,化学成分试验表明根茎中含有黄酮、生物碱、糖类等多种成分。     

中国淫羊藿属小花类群非腺毛形态

利用数码显微摄影技术对中国Epimedium属小花类群植物15种1变种进行了叶背非腺毛形态的系统研究.结果表明该类群叶背非腺毛结构特征专属性强,在种间存在差异,具有分类学价值,以此建立的非腺毛分类检索表有助于商品药材及近缘种类的来源鉴定.     

畲药十二时辰的生药鉴定

十二时辰是具福建民间特色的一味畲药,来源于毛茛科植物重瓣铁线莲Clematis florida var. plena的根。本文对十二时辰的植物形态、生药性状、组织构造、显微粉末特征进行观察,为该药的正确鉴别以及进一步研究、开发应用提供参考。     

辣椒种质资源抗青枯病的鉴定与评价

采用青枯菌FJC100301菌株对田间辣椒（Capsicum annuum）抗病品种76a和感病品种TW-1分别作了不同温度、不同接种量和不同接种方法的接种试验。结果表明,辣椒青枯病抗性的室内鉴定以接种温度28℃、浸根20 min和3×10^8cfu/mL接种浓度为宜;辣椒种质田间抗青枯病接种鉴定宜选择5月上旬进行,浸根20 min,接种浓度为3×10^8cfu/mL。采用田间抗性接种鉴定的方法,用青枯菌FJC100301菌株对106份辣椒材料进行了抗性鉴定。田间接种后每隔10 d统计病情指数,划分辣椒抗青枯病鉴定分级标准,获得了高抗材料14份、抗病材料8份、中抗材料23份、中感材料23份、感病材料20份、高感材料18份;采用离体叶片接种法对田间筛选得到的高抗和高感纯度较高品种进行抗性分析,结果与田间鉴定一致。     

康定虫草蝙蝠蛾幼虫食性试验

为人工培植冬虫夏草的需要,在四川康定对虫草蝙蝠蛾幼虫的食性进行了试验研究,虫草蝙蝠蛾幼虫是多食性,主要取食莎草科、禾本科、毛茛科、蓼科、水麦冬科等10科15种植物的地下根茎,而以一种植物为主的自然植物群落或混合植物草皮层饲养虫草蝙蝠蛾幼虫较好。     

红花龙胆生药学研究

本文叙述了红花龙胆原植物、药材性状、组织结构,粉末及组织解离等方面的特征,为该药的鉴别提供了依据。鉴于龙胆属(Gentiana)植物药用部位多为根和根茎,而其地上部分的显微结构目前尚未见详细报道,故本文对于龙胆属植物组织学的研究有一定的参考价值。     

两种不同根系类型湿地植物的根系生长

实验设计了一个水培系统，利用生活污水培养，对4种“须根型”植物美人蕉、风车草、象草和香根草和4种根茎型植物菖蒲、水鬼蕉、芦苇和水烛的根系生长进行比较研究。该系统由用于盛污水的塑料桶（顶部直径36．5cm，底部直径30．Ocm，高34．5cm）和用于固定植物于水面的泡沫板构成。每桶种植1株植物，每种种5株。水培至10周时，须根型植物的平均根数达到1349条／株，而根茎型植物的平均根数只有549条／株。实验结束（水培第21周）时，须根型植物的平均根生物量为11．3g／株，根茎型植物的平均根生物量为7．4g／株。须根型植物根系中，d〈1mm的细根生物量占根系总生物量的51．9％，而根茎型植物d〈1mm的细根的生物量只占25．1％。根茎型植物的根生物量与地上生物量的比值为0．2，显著高于须根型湿地植物（0．1）。须根型湿地植物的根系表面积（6933cm^2／株）极显著地高于根茎型湿地植物（1897cm^2／株）。根茎型湿地植物根的平均寿命（46．6d）较须根型湿地植物根的平均寿命（34．8d）长。美人蕉的平均根数达1871条／株，根表面积达到22832cm^2／株，远较其他种高。     

延龄草生药学研究

延龄草是民间治疗眩晕头痛、高血压和神经衰弱的有效药物。本文叙述了延龄草的原植物、药材(带根根茎——地珠、果实——天珠)性状、组织结构及粉末等特征,为该药的鉴别提供了依据。此外,还对延龄草的茎、叶和花等显微结构进行了较为详细的研究和报道。故本文对延龄草属(Trillium L. )植物组织学的研究有一定的参考价值。     

Direct scavenging of nitric oxide by traditional crude drugs.

Thirty-one traditional crude drugs and several pure compounds were examined for their possible regulatory effect on nitric oxide (NO) levels using sodium nitroprusside as a NO donor in vitro. Most of the crude drugs tested demonstrated direct scavenging of NO. Eight crude drugs, including Sanguisorbae Radix, Caryophylli Flos, Gambir, Coptidis Rhizoma, Granati Cortex, Gallae Rhois, Rhei Rhizoma and Cinnamomi Cortex exhibited significant activity (IC50 values < 1000 micrograms/ml), and with the exception of Coptidis Rhizoma, all were found to contain tannins as their major constituents. In addition, some crude drugs containing flavonoids or essential oils also appeared to act against NO. Ten major tannins contained in Sanguisorbae Radix and Rhei Rhizoma showed high scavenging activity (IC50 values < 326.3 micrograms/ml), and 6 of 8 alkaloids obtained from Coptidis Rhizoma also effectively scavenged the NO radical (IC50 values < 455.4 micrograms/ml). It was indicated that these compounds may be the active principles of the crude drugs responsible for NO scavenging. The present results suggest that traditional crude drugs might be potent and novel therapeutic agents for scavenging of NO and the regulation of pathological conditions caused by excessive NO and its oxidation product, peroxynitrite. These findings may also help to explain, at least in part, certain pharmacological activities of crude drugs, especially anti-infection and anti-inflammatory activities.     

Effects of traditional herbal medicine on gastric mucin against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats

The effect of the traditional herbal medicine, Rikkunshi-to and its component crude drugs, Zingiberis Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix, on the gastric mucin was studied using a method developed to separate and quantify the mucin localized in the different layers of rat gastric mucosa. The oral administration of spray-dried extract to Rikkunshi-to (1000 mg/kg), Zingiberis Rhizoma (500 mg/kg) and Glycyrrhizae Radix (500 mg/kg) significantly prevented gastric mucosal damage induced by 70% ethanol in rats. In ethanol-treated rats the mucin content of the deep mucosa was reduced, and the reduction of the deep corpus mucin content was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of Rikkunshi-to and Zingiberis Rhizoma. Rikkunshi-to and Glycyrrhizae Radix pretreatment increased the surface mucin content by 140 and 146%, respectively. The effect on the gastric mucin by each drug differed in the different layers of the gastric mucosa.     

主成分分析法在中药鉴别中的应用

本文以植物药百合、动物药海马、中成药二妙丸为研究对象．取百合的23个样品,海马的20个样品,二妙丸与加味药的17个样品进行紫外色谱或光谱分析,对所得的数量化指标矩阵进行主成分分析,压缩出两个用以区分样品间异同的综合性指标──二元主成分,在二元主成分平面图上实现了对动植物药、中成药的鉴别与分类．     

南京地区酸模属药用植物的显微鉴别研究

目的：为羊蹄或土大黄类药材的显微鉴别提供依据。方法：对南京地区的5种酸模属药用植物羊蹄Rumex japonicus Houtt．、网果酸模Rumex chalepensis Mill．、长刺酸模Rumex trisetifer Stokes、齿果酸模Rumex dentatus L．和酸模Rumex acetosa L．的根和叶横切面的组织结构特征进行了研究和描述,并采用数码显微成像技术记录显微图像。结果：对5种酸模的根和叶的显微特征进行了详细的记录和比较,数码显微图像真实、直观地反映了根和叶的组织构造特征。结论：5种酸模属植物根和叶横切面的组织结构虽然比较相似,但也具有明显的差异,可用于5种植物的鉴别.     

Quality evaluation of Astragali Radix using a multivariate statistical approach

The quality of 43 Astragali Radix samples collected in China and Mongolia was evaluated using multivariate statistical analysis of data obtained from liquid chromatography-ion trap-time of flight (LC-IT-TOF) mass spectrometry. The samples were classified into four characteristic groups and most of the marker compounds were identified by elemental composition data and the results of MS/MS analysis. The approach provides useful information and gives an overview of the difference between crude drugs originating from different production environments and the genetic nature of the medicinal plants. In addition, the ease with which particular marker compounds could be identified and the effectiveness of the comparison by means of multivariate statistics, such as principal component analysis (PCA), indicates that this method could be utilized for the establishment of standardization and quality control procedures for crude drugs.     

几种中药及其有效成分对人体肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用

通过建立的抗肿瘤体外模型,对临床上有抗肿瘤作用的几种中药提取物的抗肿瘤的活性进行检测。并与其中用作标准品的化学成分的活性进行比较。结果发现所检测的中药牛蒡子、蛇床子、三七、大黄、茯苓、延胡索、川乌和黄芪等的水提物和醇提物对肿瘤细胞株均有一定的抑制作用,醇提物的活性明显高于水挺物。一部分用作标准品的化学成分也有抗肿瘤活性。这项工作为抗肿瘤活性成分的筛选建立了有效的方法和基础。     

中药降脂方与阿托伐他汀代谢性相互作用的体外研究

目的：本研究旨在评估降脂中药复方2（Fang-2）及其6个饮片（虎杖、泽泻、甘草、苍术、厚朴和夏枯草）的水提物对肝脏细胞色素CYP3A4的抑制作用,及对阿托伐他汀的代谢性药物相互作用。方法：（1）应用中药标准化制备技术,制备降脂中药复方2及其6个饮片的水提物;采用超速离心法制备肝微粒体。（2）评价降脂中药复方2及其饮片对CYP3A4抑制作用。（3）评价降脂中药复方2及其饮片的水提物对阿托伐他汀的代谢的影响。结果：（1）体外实验的结果提示复方2的水提物显著地抑制了微粒体CYP3A4的活性,其IC50值为9．884mg／mL。虎杖水提物对微粒体CYP3A4的活性具有显著的抑制作用,其IC50值为0．5491mg／mL。（2）阿托伐他汀是首过代谢CYP3A4的底物,在肝脏微粒体中大于70％的母体被代谢,其体外清除率Clint和半数清除时间分别为41．10mL／mg／min和60．43分钟。降脂中药复方2水提物与肝微粒体孵育后,阿托伐他汀的首过代谢显著减慢。降脂中药复方2及其6个饮片水提取物对CYP3A4的抑制强度与避免阿托伐他汀首过代谢的潜力成正比。结论：本文首次应用体外方法研究了在临床上共同使用与PCI术后的阿托伐他汀和降脂中药复方2之间的代谢性相互作用,揭示了后者及其饮片通过抑制CYP3A4改善了前者的强烈的首过代谢,从而可能优化临床治疗方案。     

Comparative Investigation for Raw and Processed Products of Euodiae Fructus Based on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprints and Chemical Pattern Recognition

As a traditional Chinese medicine, Euodiae Fructus is widely used due to its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive effects. However, Euodiae Fructus has also been documented to be toxic, and the toxic effects can be reduced by processing. To distinguish Euodiae Fructus from its processes products and study the changes of raw and processed products before and after processing, we evaluated four auxiliary material processing methods including vinegar, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Coptidis Rhizoma, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The raw Euodiae Fructus and four processed Euodiae Fructus samples were analyzed and compared based on the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints combined with chemometrics, including principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and principal component analysis-class (PCA-Class). A total of 27 common peaks were obtained by fingerprint analysis. The fingerprint similarity of raw and processed samples was between 0.86–0.999. We also determined the contents of the main active ingredients - Evodiamine and Rutaecarpine. PCA and PLS-DA analyses were used to distinguish between the raw and processed samples of Euodiae Fructus, and 14 chemical markers were screened out. Four kinds of processed products were further analyzed and the results showed that they could be successfully distinguished under the established models, and 12 chemical markers were labeled. PCA-Class results revealed that the classification models constructed in this study had adequate discrimination ability. The method combined with HPLC fingerprinting and multi-component chemical pattern recognition technology could be used to differentiate raw and processed Euodiae Fructus with adequate predictive power. Our findings confirmed the rationality of the pharmacopoeial method and provided a reference for the quality control of the Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma processed Euodiae Fructus.     

城口产“平术”的品种鉴别

目的:城口产"平术"具有悠久的历史,一直以来作为白术的一个品种在当地收购流通使用,但从其植物形态和长期临床应用发现其更接近苍术,故对其品种进行鉴别,以便更加合理指导用药。方法:通过产地追踪调查、标本对照、显微观察、薄层色谱等方法对其品种进行鉴别。结果:平术在原植物植物形态和显微特征与白术差异较大,且与苍术接近,同时含苍术素。结论:城口产"平术"为苍术Atractylodes lancea(Thunb.)DC.     

菊花等十五种中药对大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响

 大鼠口服菊花、郁金及刺五加水煎剂(剂量按药典成人用量折算)三周后,抑制其肝微粒体羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶的活力,并激活肝微粒体胆固醇7α-羟化酶。在相同状况下,首乌及川芎可抑制羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶,虽然对胆固醇7α-羟化酶亦有激活作用,但统计学上无意义。泽泻、蒲黄、丹参、黄精、虎杖、延胡索及菌陈等则只抑制肝微粒体羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶,而对胆固醇7α-羟化酶无作用。黄芪及枸杞对肝微粒体羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶的活力虽然稍有激活作用,但统计学上无意义。我们实验状况下,上述十五种中药只有菌陈能显著地提高大鼠血清高密度酯蛋白胆固醇的含量。刺五加水煎液对肝微粒体羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶和胆固醇7α-羟化酶活力调节作用是通过可逆的磷酸化及脱磷酸化作用而实现的。 山楂及刺五加水煎剂,在体外对大鼠肝微粒体羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶具有强烈的抑制作用。其作用机理亦是通过可逆的磷酸化及脱磷酸化作用进行的。