新疆千里光的化学成分研究北大核心CSCD

本文对新疆千里光进行了化学成分研究,从中分离鉴定了12个化合物,分别为千里光碱（1）、千里光菲灵碱（2）、全缘千里光碱（3）、克式千里光碱（4）、异鼠李素（5）、槲皮素（6）、异鼠李素-3—O-β-D-半乳糖苷（7）、8-（2＂-pyrrolidinone-5”-y1）-isorhamnetin（8）、pseudotaraxasterc1（9）、咖啡酸（10）、β-谷甾醇（11）、卢-胡萝卜苷（12）。除1—3外,其余9个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

贵州贵阳发现长尾夜鹰北大核心CSCD

2018年10月26日,在贵州省贵阳市龙洞堡国际机场内(26°32′30″N,106°48′11″E,海拔1132m,挂网高度0.5m)网捕到一只夜鹰科(Caprimulgidae)鸟类,受条件限制未进行鸟体测量及DNA测序等工作,拍照后立即放飞。经查阅《中国鸟类分类与分布名录》(郑光美2017),贵州仅有普通夜鹰(Caprimulgusindicus)分布,但该鸟体色以及尾羽特征均与普通夜鹰不符,较符合长尾夜鹰(C.macrurus)的特征描述。     

新疆托勒库勒湖孢粉记录的4．2kaBP气候事件北大核心CSCD

发生在大约4200年前的一场持续干旱可能是当时史前文明快速衰落的重要推手,这在全球许多区域均有记录,但在中国西北干旱区是否存在该事件依然缺乏有力证据。本文通过分析托勒库勒湖沉积地层的孢粉,发现新疆地区也存在类似4.2 ka BP气候事件的记录。4.5—3.8 cal ka BP期间的孢粉谱与前后时段相比有显著差异,禾本科和蒿属花粉含量快速降低、藜科急剧增加、A/C值降低;区域环境短期内变得极为寒冷-干旱,先前的草原/荒漠草原演化为荒漠。对比也发现,尽管这一事件在不同研究点的开始和结束时间略有差异,但变化特征具有较好的一致性。目前,关于这次事件的驱动机制仍不清楚,还需在新疆及其他敏感区域开展更多古气候研究。     

新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠轮南区奥陶纪牙形刺及Pygodus属的演化北大核心CSCD

详细描述我国新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠东北部轮南探区50井的中-上奥陶统界线附近的牙形刺动物群,包括Pygodus anserinus,P.serra,P.xinjiangensis,Ansella jemtlandica,Cornuodus longibasis,Periodon aculeatus,Protopanderodus calceatus,P.cooperi,P.varicostatus,Scabbardella altipes,Spinodus spinatus和Cahabagnathus sweeti等,由上而下可划分Pygodus anserinus,P.serra和P.xinjiangensis等3个牙形刺带,并以Pygodus anserinus带的底界稍偏上处视为中-上奥陶统界线。尤为重要的是,本文对Pygodus xinjiangensis的有效性、Pygodus属的演化趋势及其3个种的区别进行详细讨论,同时说明Pygodus anserinus由P.serra演化而来。     

辽宁鸟类分布新记录5种:小鸦鹃、雪鹀、 红翅凤头鹃、宝兴歌鸫和黄眉姬鹟北大核心CSCD

近年来,随着观鸟活动和鸟类科研工作在辽宁的持续开展(Baietal.2015,汤姆·滨客2016),辽宁各地不断发现鸟种分布新记录种(白清泉等2019)。2012至2020年间,在丹东、大连、抚顺等市先后发现小鸦鹃(Centropus bengalensis)、雪鹀(Plectrophenax nivalis)、红翅凤头鹃(Clamator coromandus)、宝兴歌鸫(Turdus mupinensis)和黄眉姬鹟(Ficedula narcissina)5种,经查阅相关资料(邱英杰等2006,郑光美2017),确定为辽宁省鸟类分布新记录种。     

新疆西准噶尔地区泥盆-石炭系界线附近的石燕贝类腕足动物北大核心CSCD

系统描述采自新疆和布克赛尔蒙古自治县和什托洛盖镇附近上泥盆统—下石炭统的3个剖面(布龙果尔剖面、布克河剖面和俄姆哈剖面)上的石燕贝类,总计6属7种:Austrospirifer?sp.,Spirifer ga peevi Simorin,Unispirifer persianum Brice,Syringothyris texti formis F M Zhang,Syringothyris hannibalensis(Swallow),Histosyrinx sp.及Tylothyris sp.,其中,Austrospirifer?sp.,Syringothyris hannibalensis(Swallow)及Histosyrinx sp.产自法门阶上部;其余属种产自上泥盆统—下石炭统。S.textiformis及S.hannibalensis的腹壳内部结构以具有发育的管孔及缺失中隔板为主要特征,不同的是前者腹壳后部次生加厚强烈、管孔长度较大。文中早石炭世的腕足类数量相对较少,难以对泥盆-石炭纪界限上下的石燕贝类面貌进行比较,暂将西准噶尔地区晚泥盆世—早石炭世的石燕贝类(不含弓石燕类)的腕足动物一并称为Syringothyris-Spirifer动物群,在组成上与哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯库兹涅茨盆地、莫斯科盆地及北美同期的化石组合较为相似,与华南有较大差异。     

新疆药桑桑叶对2-型糖尿病小鼠血糖和脂质代谢的影响北大核心CSCD

分析新疆药桑桑叶水提物和生物碱浸膏对试验性2-型糖尿病小鼠血糖和脂质代谢的影响。采用高脂高糖饲料加链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病小鼠模型,根据体质量、血糖水平将小鼠随机分为9组:即对照组、模型组、罗格列酮(阳性药物)组、桑叶水提物高(AE-HD)、中(AE-MD)、低(AE-LD)剂量组和生物碱浸膏高(TA-HD)、中(TA-MD)、低(TA-LD)剂量组,每组10只。连续灌胃给药30 d,观察小鼠血糖、血脂、胰岛素水平、糖耐量及氧化应激指标的变化。与模型组相比,桑叶水提物组和生物碱浸膏组均能够显著降低糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖(P<0.05,P<0.01),显著提高血清胰岛素水平(P<0.01),而且显著降低2-型糖尿病小鼠的LDL和TG,增加对胰岛素的敏感性(P<0.01),使小鼠血清SOD活力显著升高(P<0.01),MDA水平明显下降;糖耐量试验中,桑叶水提物组和生物碱浸膏组在0.5 h、1 h和2 h测得的血糖值与模型组相比均呈现极显著性差异(P<0.01)。表明新疆药桑桑叶水提物和生物碱浸膏均具有一定的降血糖作用,且桑叶水提物优于生物碱浸膏,同时能有效改善糖尿病小鼠脂质代谢紊乱,增强活性氧清除能力,并提高糖尿病小鼠糖耐量。     

新疆野苹果AP2/ERF转录因子家族鉴定与响应腐烂病的表达分析北大核心CSCD

AP2/ERF转录因子家族参与了植物生长发育、抵抗胁迫以及植物激素响应等诸多生物过程,是植物中最重要的转录因子家族之一。该研究基于腐烂病菌侵染后的新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii)全长转录组,使用AP2保守结构域的隐马可夫模型PF00847,鉴定新疆野苹果的AP2/ERF家族成员。利用MEGA6、NCBI CDD-batch、MEME、EXPASY、BUSCA对MsAP2/ERF家族成员进行鉴定、分类和结构分析、理化性质和亚细胞定位分析。通过RNA-seq数据和qRT-PCR实验对差异表达的MsAP2/ERFs基因的表达水平进行分析和验证,旨在鉴定新疆野苹果中潜在具有腐烂病抗性的AP2/ERF家族基因资源。结果显示:(1)在新疆野苹果中共鉴定获得106个AP2/ERF基因,涵盖全部AP2(17个)、ERF(57个)、DREB(25个)、RAV(5个)和Soloist(2个)5个亚家族。(2)进一步的细化分类发现MsERF亚家族包括B1-B6 6个组,而MsDREB亚家族中只有A2、A4、A5、A6共4个组,缺少A1和A3组的基因成员。(3)RNA-seq表达模式分析结果表明,29个MsAP2/ERF基因在腐烂病感染过程中差异表达,其中MsERF亚家族中差异表达基因数量最多(19个)。(4)12个MsAP2/ERF代表基因的qRT-PCR结果表明:8个ERF亚家族基因均受腐烂病病菌诱导显著上调表达,其中B4类ERF成员基因(MsERF40)在腐烂病病菌侵染后5 d表达量上调表达倍数最高;4个MsDREB基因中,3个受到腐烂病病原菌诱导显著上调,1个下调表达;此外,含有TIR保守结构域的MsERF05在腐烂病病菌侵染1 d后上调表达69倍,表明ERF亚家族的MsERF40和MsERF05在新疆野苹果抗腐烂病过程中发挥重要作用。该研究结果为新疆野苹果AP2/ERF基因响应腐烂病的功能和机理研究奠定了基础。     

社会网络分析方法在鸟类物种多样性分析中的应用——以董寨国家级自然保护区5.5 d环志数据为例北大核心CSCD

本研究通过社会网络分析网捕环志的数据,来调查河南董寨国家级自然保护区的鸟类物种多样性以及鸟类物种的集群特征。在2021年10月连续5.5 d的网捕环志中,总共环志12科33种鸟类,其中环志最多的鸟类物种为棕头鸦雀(Sinosuthora webbiana)、红胁绣眼鸟(Zosterops erythropleurus)和强脚树莺(Horornis fortipes)。33个物种中树栖食虫鸟类最多,共12个物种,其次是地表食虫鸟类(共8个物种)和杂食鸟类(共6个物种);留鸟17种和迁徙鸟类16种。通过社会网络分析,发现种群数量多的物种处于社会拓扑网络的中心位置,而且相同食性生态位的物种连结强度很高,如树栖食虫鸟类。结果表明,物种种群数量、食性生态位对鸟类物种社会网络关系的影响较大,而物种迁徙特征对鸟类物种社会网络关系则几乎没有影响。本文在国内尝试了采用社会网络分析来调查当地鸟类物种群落的多样性,并揭示了鸟类多物种集群的关键驱动因子。对比传统的鸟类群落调查方法,多物种社会网络分析可获取该集群的时空分布以及物种之间的相互联系。由于社会网络分析可以分析和研究不同生物水平包括个体、种群、物种等的社会行为,从而使之成为近年来很多生物研究领域的常用和热点工具。     

新疆地区蚱类昆虫物种多样性及种类修订（直翅目：蚱科）

对新疆维吾尔自治区的蚱类昆虫物种多样性进行了修订和澄清.该地区共记录3种蚱:钻形蚱Tetrix subulata (Linnaeus,1758),隆背蚱Tetrix tartara (Saussure,1887)和土氏蚱Tetrix tuerki (Krauss,1876).同物异名修订如下:1)钻形蚱Tetrix subulata (Linnaeus,1758)=拟钻形蚱Tetrix subulatoides Zheng,Zhang,Yang&Wang,2006,syn.nov.;2)隆背蚱Tetrix tartara (Saussure,1887)=福海蚱Tetrix fuhaiensis Zheng,Zhang,Yang&Wang,2006,syn.nov.,=精河蚱Tetrixjingheensis Liang&Zheng,1998,syn.nov.,=亚锐隆背蚱Tetrix tartara subacuta Bey-Bienko,1951,syn.nov.,=新疆蚱Tetrix xinjiangensis Zheng,1996,syn.nov.;3)土氏蚱Tetrix tuerki (Krauss,1876)=瘤股蚱Tetrix torulosifemura Deng,2016,nomen nudum.本文更新了3种蚱的分布信息,排除了波氏蚱Tetrix bolivari Saulcy,1901在中国、以及暂时排除日本蚱Tetrixjaponica (Bolívar,1887)在新疆的分布.     

Cell adhesion: More than just glue (Review)

The ability of cells to interact with each other and their surroundings in a co-ordinated manner depends on multiple adhesive interactions between neighbouring cells and their extracellular environment. These adhesive interactions are mediated by a family of cell surface proteins, termed cell adhesion molecules. Fortunately these adhesion molecules fall into distinct families with adhesive interactions varying in strength from strong binding involved in the maintenance of tissue architecture to more transient, less avid, dynamic interactions observed in leukocyte biology. Adhesion molecules are extremely versatile cell surface receptors which not only stick cells together but provide biochemical and physical signals that regulate a range of diverse functions, such as cell proliferation, gene expression, differentiation, apoptosis and migration. In addition, like many other cell surface molecules, they have been usurped as portals of entry for pathogens, including prions. How the mechanical and chemical messages generated from adhesion molecules are integrated with other signalling pathways (such as receptor tyrosine kinases and phosphatases) and the role that aberrant cell adhesion plays in developmental defects and disease pathology are currently very active areas of research. This review focuses on the biochemical features that define whether a cell surface molecule can act as an adhesion molecule, and discusses five specific examples of how cell adhesion molecules function as more than just 'sticky’ receptors. The discussion is confined to the signalling events mediated by members of the integrin, cadherin and immunoglobulin gene superfamilies. It is suggested that, by controlling the membrane organization of signalling receptors, by imposing spatial organization, and by regulating the local concentration of cytosolic adapter proteins, intercellular and cell-matrix adhesion is more than just glue holding cells together. Rather dynamic ‘conversations’ and the formation of multi-protein complexes between adhesion molecules, growth factor receptors and matrix macromolecules can now provide a molecular explanation for the long-observed but poorly understood requirement for a number of seemingly distinct cell surface molecules to be engaged for efficient cell function to occur.     

Aquaporins and (in)fertility: More than just water transport

Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of channel proteins that facilitate the transport of water and small solutes across biological membranes. They are widely distributed throughout the organism, having a number of key functions, some of them unexpected, both in health and disease. Among the various diseases in which AQPs are involved, infertility has been overlooked. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) infertility is a global public health problem with one third of the couples suffering from subfertility or even infertility due to male or female factors alone or combined. Thus, there is an urgent need to unveil the molecular mechanisms that control gametes production, maturation and fertilization-related events, to more specifically determine infertility causes. In addition, as more couples seek for fertility treatment through assisted reproductive technologies (ART), it is pivotal to understand how these techniques can be improved. AQPs are heterogeneously expressed throughout the male and female reproductive tracts, highlighting a possible regulatory role for these proteins in conception. In fact, their function, far beyond water transport, highlights potential intervention points to enhance ART. In this review we discuss AQPs distribution and structural organization, functions, and modulation throughout the male and female reproductive tracts and their relevance to the reproductive success. We also highlight the most recent advances and research trends regarding how the different AQPs are involved and regulated in specific mechanisms underlying (in)fertility. Finally, we discuss the involvement of AQPs in ART-related processes and how their handling can lead to improvement of infertility treatment.     

Multiple Caretaking of Efe (Pygmy) Infants

Two models of the human infant's caretaking requirements—the continuous care and contact model and the caretaker-child strategy model—are discussed in terms of the caretaking practices observed among the Efe (Pygmies) of northeastern Zaire. The Efe¹ engage in a system of multiple care which begins at birth and continues through at least the first 18 weeks of life. An important aspect of this care includes being suckled by lactating and nonlactating women. The data suggest that the continuous care and contact model is too rigid a formulation of the infant's caretaking environment, and lend support to the strategic model. Efe caretaking practices are discussed in terms of the cultural, ecological, and physiological constraints acting on these people.     

The Hox Paradox: More complex(es) than imagined

An understanding of the origin of different body plans requires knowledge of how the genes and genetic pathways that control embryonic development have evolved. The Hox genes provide an appealing starting point for such studies because they play a well-understood causal role in the regionalization of the body plan of all bilaterally symmetric animals. Vertebrate evolution has been characterized by gene, and possibly genome, duplication events, which are believed to have provided raw genetic material for selection to act upon. It has recently been established that the Hox gene organization of ray-finned fishes, such as the zebrafish, differs dramatically from that of their lobe-finned relatives, a group that includes humans and all the other widely used vertebrate model systems. This unusual Hox gene organization of zebrafish is the result of a duplication event within the ray-finned fish lineage. Thus, teleosts, such as zebrafish, have more Hox genes arrayed over more clusters (or "complexes") than do tetrapod vertebrates. Here, I review our understanding of Hox cluster architecture in different vertebrates and consider the implications of gene duplication for Hox gene regulation and function and the evolution of different body plans.     

CDK2-Activating Kinase (CAK): More Questions than Answers

Commentary to:

The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) Family member PNQALRE/CCRK supports cell proliferation but has no intrinsic CDK-activating kinase (CAK) activity.

Lara Wohlbold, Stéphane Larochelle, Jack C.-F. Liao, Geulah Livshits, Juliet Singer, Kevan M. Shokat and Robert P. Fisher

Cell Cycle. 2006 Mar;5(5):546-54.     

Cardiac pathology in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL): More than a mere co-morbidity

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are mostly seen as diseases affecting the central nervous system, but there is accumulating evidence that they have co-morbidities outside the brain. One of these co-morbidities is a decline in cardiac function. This is becoming increasingly recognised in teenagers and adolescents with juvenile CLN3, but it may also occur in individuals with other NCLs. The purpose of this review is to summarise the current knowledge of the structural and functional changes found in the hearts of animal models and people diagnosed with NCL. In addition, we present evidence of structural changes that were observed in a systematic comparison of the cardiomyocytes from CLN3^Δex7/8 mice.     

(E160A)和(E160D)天花粉蛋白两种突变体晶体结构研究

培养了（Ｅ１６０Ａ）ＴＣＳ和（Ｅ１６０Ｄ）ＴＣＳ的单晶。在ＭＡＲＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈ面探测器系统上分别收集了０．１９３ｎｍ和０．２０ｎｍ分辨率的Ｘ射线衍射数据。数据处理用ＭＡＲＳＣＡＬＥ程序系统完成。用同晶差值Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ法解析了突变体的晶体结构,结构修正利用Ｘ－ＰＬＯＲ程序。修正结果,晶体学Ｒ因子分别为０．１７５,０．１７９,键长和键角的ＲＭＳ偏差分别为０．００１１ｎｍ和２．４５７°,０．００１３ｎｍ和２．６７５°。在这两个突变体的结构中均未见到Ｇｌｕ１８９侧链方向的改变。通过对（Ｅ１６０Ａ）ＴＣＳ和（Ｅ１６０Ｄ）ＴＣＳ的结构比较,说明（Ｅ１６０Ｄ）ＴＣＳ活性低于（Ｅ１６０Ａ）ＴＣＳ的原因：这可能是由于在（Ｅ１６０Ｄ）ＴＣＳ中Ｔｙｒ１１１和Ｔｙｒ７０的侧链都具有较大的运动性,使它们与腺嘌呤碱基的芳香堆垛作用减弱,从而导致活性的降低