A组人轮状病毒NSP3基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的:获得轮状病毒NSP3基因的表达产物及其抗血清。方法:将TB-Chen株轮状病毒NSP3基因插入质粒pETL,构建重组表达质粒pET-NSP3,并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)表达重组蛋白NSP3;用凝胶分离回收的方法纯化该蛋白,免疫豚鼠制备该蛋白的抗血清。结果:构建了重组表达质粒pET-NSP3,并在大肠杆菌中高效表达了重组蛋白NSP3,目的蛋白表达量占菌体总蛋白量的28.6%;有效地纯化了目的蛋白并制备了该蛋白的抗血清,Western印迹表明该抗血清能与重组蛋白NSP3发生特异性免疫反应。结论:通过质粒pETL能高效表达轮状病毒NSP3蛋白,该重组蛋白具有较好的免疫反应性,为进一步研究其结构、功能及免疫学性质奠定了基础。     

A组轮状病毒NSP1基因克隆表达及免疫学性质研究

轮状病毒（rotavirus, RV）非结构蛋白1（non structural protein 1, NSP1）在病毒与宿主的相互作用中发挥着重要的功能。运用基因克隆和表达技术在大肠杆菌中表达了TB-Chen株RV NSP1蛋白,进行了NSP1的免疫学性质和RV感染细胞中NSP1蛋白的合成与分布以及NSP1的系统进化和基因分型研究。结果表明,大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)能高效表达重组NSP1蛋白（rNSP1）,rNSP1表达量约占菌体总蛋白的34.4%。rNSP1能诱导免疫豚鼠产生特异性血清抗体。Western blot及免疫荧光检测结果表明,抗rNSP1血清抗体能特异性识别自身蛋白,对SA11、Wa株的NSP1蛋白有交叉反应性;免疫荧光结果还表明,SA11感染的MA104细胞中合成的NSP1蛋白在细胞质中区域化聚集形成辐射状排列的颗粒状结构,而Wa株的NSP1不能形成此样结构。至今发现的A组RV至少可以分为16个不同的NSP1基因型,TB-Chen株NSP1为A2型。不同基因型有独特的敏感宿主范围,同一基因型可能感染不同种动物,同一种动物也可能感染不同基因型。基因型A4型和A16型仅在鸟类病毒株中出现;而且鸟类中只有A4型和A16型。研究结果为进一步研究NSP1蛋白质的结构功能及其应用开发奠定了很好的基础。     

A组轮状病毒NSP6蛋白表达及免疫学性质研究

轮状病毒(RV）NSP6与NSP5由同一基因片段编码,至今对NSP6 性质了解很少。用基因重组表达和免疫学方法,重组表达了A组人RV NSP6蛋白,进行了NSP6的动物免疫及其抗原反应性、免疫原性研究以及RV感染细胞中NSP6的合成及亚细胞分布研究。研究结果表明,NSP6可在原核系统中高效表达,表达蛋白占菌体总蛋白的34.2%;NSP6免疫豚鼠血清抗体可特异性识别菌体细胞中表达的NSP6和SA11及Wa病毒感染的MA104细胞中合成的NSP6蛋白;病毒感染细胞中合成的NSP6在感染后3h就可检测到,12h表达量达到最高;NSP6在病毒感染细胞质中呈弥散状分布,并主要积聚在细胞核的周围,未观察到毒质体样结构。研究结果对深入了解RV NSP6的结构与功能具有重要的意义,具有重要的潜在应用价值。     

我国人轮状病毒不同基因型NSP4的致病性研究

对我国轮状病毒流行株NSP4基因变异特点的分析表明,NSP4基因主要可分为Wa组和Kun组,在Wa组内可形成三个亚组,形成了4种NSP4基因型。为了进一步阐明人轮状病毒流行株NSP4基因变异与其致病性变化是否存在联系,我们首先利用杆状病毒载体对NSP4蛋白进行表达,获得了对应4种不同NSP4基因型的重组杆状病毒rvBac97B6,rvBac97S34,rvBac97S36和rvBac97SZ8。用这些病毒感染Sf9细胞后,检测细胞内Ca2 浓度的变化,发现与野生型杆状病毒感染细胞相比,重组病毒感染细胞内的Ca2 浓度显著升高,但各个重组病毒之间无显著性差异。在此基础上,我们进一步在E.coli中分别表达纯化了代表Wa和Kun基因分组的97S34和97SZ8流行株的NSP4。分别用纯化的重组NSP4蛋白攻击乳鼠后,发现不同基因型的NSP4蛋白的致腹泻活性没有明显差异,这种作用可被NSP4抗体拮抗,但这种拮抗作用存在基因型特异性。上述结果表明人轮状病毒流行株NSP4氨基酸序列间的变异并没有使其钙调节及致腹泻能力产生改变,在致腹泻作用中发挥关键作用(或决定性作用)的氨基酸位点在不同NSP4基因型间可能是相对保守的。针对NSP4抗体的有效性也为新型轮状病毒疫苗和药物研究提供了线索。     

我国人轮状病毒不同基因型NSP4的致病性研究

对我国轮状病毒流行株NSP4基因变异特点的分析表明,NSP4基因主要可分为Wa组和Kun组,在Wa组内可形成三个亚组,形成了4种NSP4基因型.为了进一步阐明人轮状病毒流行株NSP4基因变异与其致病性变化是否存在联系,我们首先利用杆状病毒载体对NSP4蛋白进行表达,获得了对应4种不同NSP4基因型的重组杆状病毒rvBac97B6,rvBac97S34,rvBac97S36和rvBac97SZ8.用这些病毒感染Sf-9细胞后,检测细胞内Ca2+浓度的变化,发现与野生型杆状病毒感染细胞相比,重组病毒感染细胞内的Ca2+浓度显著升高,但各个重组病毒之间无显著性差异.在此基础上,我们进一步在E.coli中分别表达纯化了代表Wa和Kun基因分组的97S34和97SZ8流行株的NSP4.分别用纯化的重组NSP4蛋白攻击乳鼠后,发现不同基因型的NSP4蛋白的致腹泻活性没有明显差异,这种作用可被NSP4抗体拮抗,但这种拮抗作用存在基因型特异性.上述结果表明人轮状病毒流行株NSP4氨基酸序列间的变异并没有使其钙调节及致腹泻能力产生改变,在致腹泻作用中发挥关键作用(或决定性作用)的氨基酸位点在不同NSP4基因型间可能是相对保守的.针对NSP4抗体的有效性也为新型轮状病毒疫苗和药物研究提供了线索.     

人轮状病毒NSP4蛋白的表达及其致小鼠腹泻作用的初步研究

研究人轮状病毒非结构蛋白NSP4在轮状病毒致病性中的作用.分离得到我国人轮状病毒97SZ8株,以谷胱甘肽S-转移酶融合蛋白的形式在大肠杆菌BL-21中表达NSP4蛋白C端86-175氨基酸并用GlutathioneSepharoseTM 4B亲和纯化.将纯化蛋白分别以0.4nmol和1.5nmol的剂量腹腔注射新生Balb/C乳鼠,记录腹泻发生和体重变化情况.当注射0.4nmol GST-NSP4T重组蛋白时,有1只小鼠发生一过性腹泻(1/6),给予1.5nmol重组蛋白时,实验组所有乳鼠都先后出现了腹泻,存在一定的剂量依赖性.本研究初步在新生小鼠建立了一种人轮状病毒腹泻动物模型,该模型有望在人轮状病毒的致腹泻机理、治疗和预防研究中发挥重要作用.     

A组轮状病毒VP5*和VP8*的表达和免疫学性质研究

轮状病毒是引起婴幼儿腹泻的主要病原,VP4是RV重要的抗原蛋白,在早期病毒与细胞黏附过程中发挥重要作用,包括受体结合和细胞渗透。在细胞黏附过程中,VP4易被切割成VP5*和VP8*两个片段并以此增强病毒感染性。为了深入研究VP5*和VP8*的免疫学性质,进一步评价其应用前景,本研究从TB-Chen株RV基因组中编码VP4蛋白基因上克隆了VP5*和VP8*开放读码框核苷酸序列,构建了表达质粒,在原核大肠杆菌系统中重组表达了VP5*和VP8*蛋白,进一步分析了它们的免疫学性质。结果显示,VP5*和VP8*可在E.coli中高效表达,重组蛋白VP5* (rVP5*)和VP8* (rVP8*)可诱导免疫豚鼠产生特异性血清抗体,这些抗体可特异性识别自身蛋白（rVP5*或rVP8*）,可识别来自的TB-Chen株重组VP4蛋白,并可识别SA11和Wa感染的MA104细胞中合成的病毒VP4蛋白。这些结果表明,rVP5*和rVP8*蛋白具有较高的免疫原性,抗rVP5*和抗rVP8*的抗体具有高度特异性和交叉反应性。     

表达轮状病毒nsp4基因重组腺病毒的构建与免疫评价

目的:应用非复制腺病毒表达系统构建表达人轮状病毒非结构蛋白4(NSP4)的重组腺病毒,初步评价其免疫保护效果。方法:构建含野生轮状病毒NSP4基因的穿梭质粒pshuttle-NSP4,与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdeasy经同源重组后在Ad-293细胞中包装获得pAd-NSP4重组腺病毒颗粒。电镜、RT-PCR、免疫荧光等方法鉴定病毒特征及在体外细胞中的表达。肌肉注射及滴鼻方式免疫小鼠,检测小鼠血清抗体效价及其中和保护效果。结果:获得了滴度为108.25CCID50/ml的重组腺病毒pAd-NSP4,免疫荧光检测到特异性目的蛋白的表达。二次免疫后肌肉注射和滴鼻小鼠的ELISA血清平均效价分别为1∶320和1∶1436.8;中和抗体效价1∶45.3和1∶71.8。结论:表达轮状病毒NSP4蛋白的非复制型重组腺病毒颗粒具有良好的免疫原性。滴鼻途径比肌肉注射可更加有效地诱导小鼠的免疫应答。     

轮状病毒不同基因型NSP4的免疫原性研究

NSP4作为轮状病毒的致泻相关蛋白,其在疫苗研究中的作用近年来深受瞩目。为比较不同基因型非结构蛋白NSP4的免疫原性,我们构建了四种基因型的重组表达质粒pCI-97B6、pCI-97S36、pCI-97S34和pCI-97SZ8,在细胞水平进行瞬时表达检测后,进一步免疫小鼠,检测血清IgG抗体滴度和亚型。结果表明利用真核表达质粒表达的NSP4蛋白既可以诱导体液免疫反应,又可以诱导细胞免疫反应,但以体液免疫为主,不同基因型NSP4可具有不同的免疫原性。     

表达轮状病毒nsp4基因重组腺病毒的构建与免疫评价

目的：应用非复制腺病毒表达系统构建表达人轮状病毒非结构蛋白4（NSP4）的重组腺病毒,初步评价其免疫保护效果。方法：构建含野生轮状病毒NSP4基因的穿梭质粒pshuttle-NSP4,与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdeasy经同源重组后在Ad-293细胞中包装获得pAd-NSP4重组腺病毒颗粒。电镜、RT-PCR、免疫荧光等方法鉴定病毒特征及在体外细胞中的表达。肌肉注射及滴鼻方式免疫小鼠,检测小鼠血清抗体效价及其中和保护效果。结果：获得了滴度为10^8.25CCID50/ml的重组腺病毒pAd-NSP4,免疫荧光检测到特异性目的蛋白的表达。二次免疫后肌肉注射和滴鼻小鼠的ELISA血清平均效价分别为1：320 和1：1436.8;中和抗体效价1：45.3和1：71.8。结论：表达轮状病毒NSP4蛋白的非复制型重组腺病毒颗粒具有良好的免疫原性。滴鼻途径比肌肉注射可更加有效地诱导小鼠的免疫应答。     

Bovine rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 produced by Lactococcus lactis is antigenic and immunogenic

Rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) can induce diarrhea in mice. To get insight into the biological effects of NSP4, production of large quantities of this protein is necessary. We first tried to produce the protein in Escherichia coli, but the nsp4 gene proved to be unstable. The capacity of the generally regarded as safe organism Lactococcus lactis to produce NSP4 either intra- or extracellularly was then investigated by using the nisin-controlled expression system. Production of recombinant NSP4 (rNSP4) was observed in L. lactis for both locations. In spite of a very low secretion efficiency, the highest level of production was obtained with the fusion between a lactococcal signal peptide and rNSP4. Cultures of the rNSP4-secreting strain were injected into rabbits, and a specific immune response was elicited. The anti-rNSP4 antibodies produced in these rabbits recognized NSP4 in MA104 cells infected by rotavirus. We showed that L. lactis is able to produce antigenic and immunogenic rNSP4 and thus is a good organism for producing viral antigens.     

人轮状病毒NSP4蛋白的表达及其致小鼠腹泻作用的初步研究

研究人轮状病毒非结构蛋白NSP4在轮状病毒致病性中的作用。分离得到我国人轮状病毒97SZ8株,以谷胱甘肽S-转移酶融合蛋白的形式在大肠杆菌BL-21中表达NSN蛋白C端86-175氨基酸并用G1utathione SepharoseTM 4B亲和纯化。将纯化蛋白分别以0．4nmol和1．5nmol的剂量腹腔注射新生Balb／C乳鼠,记录腹泻发生和体重变化情况。当注射0．4nmol GST-NSP4重组蛋白时,有1只小鼠发生-过性腹泻(1／6),给予1．5nmol重组蛋白时,实验组所有乳鼠都先后出现了腹泻,存在一定的剂量依赖性。本研究初步在新生小鼠建立了一种人轮状病毒腹泻动物模型,该模型有望在人轮状病毒的致腹泻机理、治疗和预防研究中发挥重要作用。     

Multimers formed by the rotavirus nonstructural protein NSP2 bind to RNA and have nucleoside triphosphatase activity

The nonstructural protein NSP2 is a component of rotavirus replication intermediates and accumulates in cytoplasmic inclusions (viroplasms), sites of genome RNA replication and the assembly of subviral particles. To better understand the structure and function of the protein, C-terminally His-tagged NSP2 was expressed in bacteria and purified to homogeneity. In its purified form, the protein did not exist as a monomer but rather was present as an 8S-10S homomultimer consisting of 6 +/- 2 subunits of recombinant NSP2 (rNSP2). As shown by gel mobility shift assays, the rNSP2 multimers bound to RNA in discrete cooperative steps to form higher-order RNA-protein complexes. The RNA-binding activity of the rNSP2 multimers was determined to be nonspecific and to have a strong preference for single-stranded RNA over double-stranded RNA, for which it displayed little affinity. Enzymatic analysis revealed that rNSP2 possessed an associated nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase) activity in vitro, which in the presence of Mg(2+) catalyzed the hydrolysis of each of the four NTPs to NDPs with equal efficiency. Evidence indicating that the hydrolysis of NTP resulted in the covalent linkage of the gamma-phosphate to rNSP2 was obtained. Additional experiments showed that NSP2 expressed transiently in MA014 cells is phosphorylated. We propose that NSP2 functions as a molecular motor, catalyzing the packaging of viral mRNA into core-like replication intermediates through the energy derived from its NTPase activity.     

Antigenic analysis of nonstructural protein (NSP) 4 of group A avian rotavirus strain PO-13

In order to analyze the antigenic structure of nonstructural protein (NSP) 4 of group A avian rotavirus strain PO-13, 25 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against NSP4 expressed in Escherichia coli were produced. All MAbs reacted with NSP4 on Western blotting, indicating that they recognized sequential epitopes. To determine the antigenic sites (ASs) recognized by the produced MAbs, seven truncated NSP4s were expressed in E. coli. Western blotting analysis showed that there are at least four major ASs on PO-13 NSP4, designated as AS I located in amino acids (aa) 151 to 169, AS II (aa 136 to 150), AS III (aa 112 to 133) and AS IV (aa 1 to 24). Two MAbs reacted exclusively with AS III encompassing the region that has been reported to be an enterotoxin domain. MAbs against ASs II, III and IV reacted with all avian rotaviruses tested by indirect immunofluorescent antibody assays. MAbs against AS I reacted with turkey strains, Ty-1 and Ty-3, but not with a chicken strain, Ch-1. Nine of 11 MAbs against AS II cross-reacted with NSP4 of mammalian rotavirus strains with different NSP4 genotypes. These results suggest that AS II on NSP4 is widely conserved among a variety of rotaviruses.     

Bovine Rotavirus Nonstructural Protein 4 Produced by Lactococcus lactis Is Antigenic and Immunogenic

Rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) can induce diarrhea in mice. To get insight into the biological effects of NSP4, production of large quantities of this protein is necessary. We first tried to produce the protein in Escherichia coli, but the nsp4 gene proved to be unstable. The capacity of the generally regarded as safe organism Lactococcus lactis to produce NSP4 either intra- or extracellularly was then investigated by using the nisin-controlled expression system. Production of recombinant NSP4 (rNSP4) was observed in L. lactis for both locations. In spite of a very low secretion efficiency, the highest level of production was obtained with the fusion between a lactococcal signal peptide and rNSP4. Cultures of the rNSP4-secreting strain were injected into rabbits, and a specific immune response was elicited. The anti-rNSP4 antibodies produced in these rabbits recognized NSP4 in MA104 cells infected by rotavirus. We showed that L. lactis is able to produce antigenic and immunogenic rNSP4 and thus is a good organism for producing viral antigens.