欧洲球螋的检疫

北京出入境检验检疫局从美国进境旅客携带的石榴中检出欧洲球螋。了解欧洲球螋的基本特性,能为相关部门对其检疫鉴定提供参考依据。对欧洲球螋的相关文献进行了查阅和整理,详细介绍了欧洲球螋的分类地位、分布、形态特征及近似种等信息,我国出入境检验检疫部门对球螋属的截获情况,讨论了欧洲球螋的检疫意义。认为欧洲球螋在我国无分布且具有一定的入侵风险,口岸应对该虫引起足够的重视。     

黄足肥螋的饲养方法

黄足肥螋 Euborellia pallipes Shliraki属革翅目肥螋科 ,在云南分布较广 ,在蔗田内普遍发现 ,是甘蔗象鼻虫 [1]、螟虫和粉蚧壳虫等的重要天敌。成虫体长 8～ 1 3mm,体形扁平 ,黄褐色 ,有光泽 ;头前口式 ,活动自如 ;前翅短小、革质 ,末端平截 ,尾须坚硬 ,铗状 ,不分节。性两型明显 ,雄虫尾铗大而弯 ,雌虫尾铗短而直。渐变态。卵阔卵形 ,白色。若虫与成虫相似 ,尾铗较简单。雌虫有护卵育幼习性。该虫为夜行性 ,白天则潜伏在土缝内及石块、树皮、甘蔗老叶鞘下。 1年 1代。现将其室内饲养方法介绍如下。1　饲养工具罐头玻璃瓶 :高 1 3cm,口径 …     

浙江丝尾螋属一新种(革翅目:大尾螋科)

凤阳丝尾螋Diplatys fenpyangensis新种 雄性:体细长,深红褐色,被密的黄褐色短柔毛和稀疏的褐色粗毛。唇基淡黄色,额缝缺乏,冠缝明显,短,额突起、眼中等大,稍突出,颊稍长于眼。触角约20节,第1节粗和长,约等于第3与第4节之和,第2节很短。前胸背板长稍大于宽,前胸沟前片肿起,沟后片平,中央纵沟明显。覆翅淡褐色,正常,翅和足正常。腹部细长,呈     

黄足肥螋的发生及其对苹果绵蚜的捕食作用

本文对黄足肥螋Euborellia pallipes（Shiraki）的发生及其对苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum（Hausmann）的捕食作用开展了研究。结果表明：7～9月份是黄足肥螋田间发生高峰期,它对苹果绵蚜E．lanigerum（Hausmann）的功能反应符合HollingⅡ,Na=0．9804N／（1＋0．0108N）,其捕食量随苹果绵蚜密度的增加而增加,日最大捕食量和最佳寻找密度可达46．3头和19．9头。在15～30℃下,黄足肥螋的捕食量随温度的升高而增加,每头成虫在10、15℃、18℃、20℃、25℃和30℃下的取食量分别为3．3头、20．3头、23．8头、25．8头和27．0头。研究表明了黄足肥螋是苹果绵蚜的主要捕食性天敌昆虫之一,应加强保护与利用。     

椰心叶甲天敌垫跗螋的生物学研究

垫跗螋Chelisoches morio (Fabricius)是入侵害虫椰心叶甲Brontispa longissima (Gestro)的一种本地天敌.为了了解垫跗螋的生物学习性和控害潜能,本文对垫跗螋的形态特征、生长发育、重要生物学习性以及对椰心叶甲的捕食选择性和捕食量进行了观察研究.垫跗螋雌成虫将产的卵堆积在一起,抱孵在体下,且不时用口器翻动重排卵,受到惊扰时会吃掉卵,甚至初孵的若虫.在室温条件下(20±2)℃,以椰心叶甲2龄幼虫为食料,垫跗螋从卵至成虫的平均发育历期为(107.9±15.2)d;平均每头雌虫产卵量为(138.7±59.5)粒;垫跗螋成虫对椰心叶甲2龄幼虫的日平均捕食量为(6.7±1.1)头.寄主龄期选择性实验表明,垫跗螋成虫和4龄若虫喜欢取食椰心叶甲的2龄幼虫;3龄和2龄若虫喜欢取食椰心叶甲的1龄幼虫.     

中国梧桐科上的尾孢类丝孢菌

报道生在中国梧桐科Sterculiaceae上的5种尾孢类丝孢菌（cercosporoid hyphomycetes）,其中在梧桐 Firmiana simplex 上新发现的2个新种,梧桐假尾孢 Pseudocercospora firmianae,梧桐生假尾孢 P. firmianicola和一个中国新记录种,野路葵假尾孢 P. corchorifoliae。提供了拉丁文特征简介、形态描述、绘图及讨论。研究的标本保存在中国科学院菌物标本馆（HMAS）。     

胶州湾六丝钝尾虾虎鱼的摄食生态特征

根据2011年2-11月在胶州湾海域进行的4个季节的底拖网调查,共收集624尾六丝钝尾虾虎鱼样品进行胃含物分析,对其摄食生态进行了初步研究.结果表明:六丝钝尾虾虎鱼摄食的饵料种类有40余种,其中优势饵料生物有日本鼓虾、经氏壳蛞蝓和细螯虾等.其食物组成存在明显的季节变化,除在4个季节均大量摄食虾类外,春季主要摄食腹足类,夏季主要以鱼类为食,秋季主要摄食虾类,冬季摄食桡足类和端足类等小型甲壳生物的比例较高,这主要与胶州湾饵料生物种类和数量的季节性变化有关.随着体长的增长,六丝钝尾虾虎鱼摄食的饵料生物由小型的桡足类逐渐转变为个体较大的经氏壳蛞蝓、绒毛细足蟹和日本鼓虾等,食物组成呈现出明显的体长变化.典范对应分析(CCA)表明,水温和盐度是影响六丝钝尾虾虎鱼摄食的主要因素,其次是体长和pH.     

基于线性混合模型研究海州湾六丝钝尾虾虎鱼摄食生态

随着我国近海多种传统经济渔业资源的衰退,六丝钝尾虾虎鱼已成为海州湾等海域的优势鱼种之一,并在海洋食物网中发挥着重要作用。本研究根据2011年和2013—2016年春季和秋季在海州湾及其邻近海域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查,基于线性混合模型研究了海州湾六丝钝尾虾虎鱼的摄食习性以及影响其摄食的主要因素,并对其摄食策略进行分析。结果表明: 海州湾六丝钝尾虾虎鱼以虾类、双壳类、端足类等14个饵料生物类群为食,其中端足类、虾类、双壳类、蛇尾类是其主要的饵料类群。从饵料生物种类来看,六丝钝尾虾虎鱼摄食的饵料种类有37种,优势饵料生物有钩虾、细螯虾、独眼钩虾、彩虹明樱蛤和鲜明鼓虾等。线性混合模型分析表明,海州湾六丝钝尾虾虎鱼的摄食强度受体长、水深、季节、底层盐度的显著影响,其中,摄食强度与水深和底层盐度呈显著负相关关系,而与体长呈显著正相关关系,且春季的摄食强度显著高于秋季。聚类分析表明,以体长70 mm为界,可将六丝钝尾虾虎鱼划分为食性差异较大的两个体长组,其摄食随体长的变化主要与自身摄食能力与饵料生物丰度的变化有关。摄食策略分析表明,六丝钝尾虾虎鱼的营养生态位具有较高的表型间成分,对食物的种内竞争较低。本研究将有助于揭示六丝钝尾虾虎鱼的生活史特征,并为其资源的可持续利用和科学管理提供参考依据。     

湖南张家界的丝孢菌II．尾孢菌属和假尾孢属

本文报道尾孢菌属的4个种和假尾孢属的5个种,其中有3个新组合： 乌黑假尾孢[Pseudocereospora fuliginosa(Ell．＆ Kell．) Zhao & Guo,comb. Nov.],安息香假尾孢[Pse-udocercospora styracae(Chupp) Guo ＆ Zhao,comb. Nov.],水红木假尾孢[Pseudocercosporaviburni-cylindrici(Tai) Guo ＆ Zhao。Comb-nov.]和一个中国新记录。文中对新组合进行了简要描述并绘图。研究的标本分别保存在中国科学院徽生物研究所真菌标本室(HMAS)和中国林业科学研究院林业研究所(HPAF)。     

湖南张家界的丝孢菌I．假尾孢属

本文报道了假尾孢属的6个种,其中有2个新种,即：枫杨假尾孢(Pseado-cercospord pterocaryae Gu et W. X. Zhao)和清风藤假尾孢(Pseudocercosporasabiae Guo et W．X．Zhao);3个新组合：紫珠假尾孢[Pseudocercospora callicarpae(Cooke) Guo et W. X．Zhao], 蕺菜假尾孢[Pseudocercospora houttuyniae(Togashi& Kats) Guo et W．X．Zhao],冬青假尾孢[Psegocercospora mate (Speg．) Guo etW．X．Zhao]。两个新种的模式标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室,其等模式标本保存在中国林科院林业科学研究所病理标本室。 枫杨假尾孢(Pseudocercospora pterocaryae Guo et W．X．Zhao)斑点叶两面生,近圆形,直径O．5—12 0 mm,无明显边缘,叶面褐色至暗褐色,叶背灰褐色,子实体叶背生,具表生菌丝。子座生于表皮下,近球形。分生孢子梗浅青黄色至青黄色,不分枝,0—4隔,9．7—73．5×3．7—4．3 μm。分生孢子倒棍棒形至倒棍棒一圆柱形,极浅的青黄色,光滑,干燥,具2—10个不明显的隔膜,35．0—99．5×3．7—4 3μm。 清风藤假尾孢(Pscudocercospora sabiae Guo et W. X. Zhao)斑点叶两而生,圃形,直径1．5—4．0μm。叶面黄褐色至褐色,外围以暗褐色细线圈,有时还具浅黄褐色晕圈,叶背中度褐色。子实体叶面生,具表生菌丝,无子座。分生孢子梗青黄褐色至浅褐色,平滑,具2一10个隔膜,17．0—162．O×3．0—3．9(一4．3)μm。分生孢子倒棍棒形至圆柱形,浅青黄色,平滑,干燥,3—8隔,43．0—99．5×2．8—3．9(一4．3)μm。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.