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1.
Brochosomes, small secretory particles often found in abundance on the integument of leafhoppers, are currently considered a unique feature of the family Cicadellidae. The present work documents, for the first time, brochosomes in two other groups of Hemiptera, i.e. Psylloidea and Heteroptera. In Heteroptera the occurrence of relatively large amounts of brochosomes on various body parts is documented in several species of different families. Morphological structures of the legs and the setation are illustrated in detail and compared to those of Cicadellidae. The results are based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of museum specimens. The possible function of brochosomes within Hemiptera is briefly discussed. 相似文献
2.
盲蝽科昆虫的分类系统概述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依据目前已有的资料 ,概述了盲蝽科昆虫的分类系统。盲蝽科隶属于半翅目异翅亚目臭虫型的盲蝽总科 ,这在半翅目学者中意见一致。但关于盲蝽科亚科及族级水平的分类系统观点不一。最合理的为 6亚科及 8亚科的分类系统。8亚科分类系统是目前最被接受和应用的系统。 相似文献
3.
Electrical penetration graph (EPG, DC system) waveforms were recorded from first, second, and third instar Bemisia argentifolii nymphs. Waveforms recorded were similar among the three instars. Four waveforms were recorded and were named C, J, L, and H. Waveform J is new, whereas waveforms C, L, and H of B. argentifolii nymphs were similar to those published previously from greenhouse whitefly nymphs. As in the previous study on greenhouse whitefly nymphs, there was variation in each of waveforms C, L, and H. Waveform C was recorded at an extracellular voltage level, and represents a pathway phase where the stylets penetrate the plant tissue in an intercellular pathway. At the end of waveform C, the voltage dropped to an intracellular level, indicating penetration of a living cell, and the stylet tips then remained in that cell for the rest of the EPG recording, which was sometimes as long as 16 h. Three waveforms (J, L, and H) were recorded during this intracellular phase, beginning with J, a brief (average = 31 s), low amplitude, irregular waveform. J appeared only at the beginning of the intracellular phase, and was followed by either L (five out of eight times) or H (three out of eight times). Waveforms L and H then alternated with one another for the remainder of the intracellular phase. The most conspicuous difference between L and H was the frequency of their voltage fluctuations; L had a lower frequency and H a higher frequency. Usually the shape of waveform L was dominated by voltage peaks in a positive direction, while waveform H was characterized by strong voltage peaks in a negative direction; although some variants of both L and H had distinct voltage peaks in both directions. The electrical origin of both the positive and negative voltage peaks was electromotive force (emf) fluctuation rather than resistance fluctuation. During waveform H, copious amounts of honeydew were produced, indicating that the penetrated cell was a sieve element. We conclude, therefore, that H represents phloem sap ingestion; and because J and L are produced in the same cell as H, then phloem phase is represented by waveforms J, L, and H. The biological correlations for J and L are not yet known. 相似文献
4.
Abstract Two new species and a little-known one belonging to genus Solenoxyphus Reuter are noted here. Solenoxyphus flavicans sp. nov. and S. viridulus sp. nov. living on Artemisia ssp. are described from Xinjiang, Qinghai and Xinjiang of China respectively; S. lepidus (Puton 1874) on Artemisia ssp. is recorded for the first time from China and redescribed from Xinjiang. 相似文献
5.
记述了一中国新纪录属,沟胸盲蝽属Solenoxyphus Reuter1875及隶于该属的两新种及一中国新纪录种,分别定名为黄沟胸盲蝽S. flavicans, sp. nov, 采自新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市、甘河子县、阜康县,绿沟胸盲蝽S. viridulus, sp. nov.采自青海省乌兰县、新疆维吾尔自治区米泉县、阜康县,及中国新纪录蒿沟胸盲蝽S. lepidus(Puton1874)采自新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市、阜康县、米泉县、木垒县及甘河子县,寄主均为蒿属植物Artemisia spp.。 相似文献
6.
Karla F.A.S. Silva Miguel Michereff‐Filho Maria E.N. Fonseca José G. Silva‐Filho Ana C.A. Texeira Antônio Williams Moita Jorge B. Torres Rafael Fernández‐Muñoz Leonardo S. Boiteux 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2014,151(3):218-230
Advances in tomato breeding for pest resistance have been achieved via gene introgression from wild Solanum (section Lycopersicon) species (Solanaceae). Ninety‐nine F3 families derived from an interspecific cross using as parental lines Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘LAM‐148' (susceptible standard) and Solanum pimpinellifolium L. ‘TO‐937‐15’ (multiple pest resistance accession with type IV glandular trichomes and acylsugar accumulation) were evaluated for their resistance against the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotype B in free‐choice and no‐choice tests for oviposition and adult colonization. The parental lines and eight F3 families with contrasting levels of resistance against the whitefly were selected and investigated in additional assays, which included the estimation of trichome densities and foliar acylsugar levels. The F3 families BTR‐302 and BTR‐331 exhibited low amounts of eggs of whitefly and transgressive segregation for type IV glandular trichome density with values greater than that of TO‐937‐15 plants. However, the tested families did not surpass the total foliar acylsugar content found in TO‐937‐15. BTR‐331 exhibited low colonization in the free‐choice test and it was the least preferred F3 family in the no‐choice test. The higher resistance levels of BTR‐331 were associated with a positive combination of higher type IV trichome density and higher acylsugar levels. Some F3 families displayed reduced fruit set due to the presence of flowers with style exertion of the antheridial‐cone. Fruit weight at harvest stage of the selected families (from 4.9 to 14.5 g) was lower than that of LAM‐148 (139.5 g) but higher than that of TO‐937‐15 plants (1.3 g). Therefore, although difficult to reach due to the simultaneous segregation of many polygenic traits, the combination of high B. tabaci resistance levels with superior horticultural traits is feasible. These results confirm TO‐937‐15 as a source of biotype B resistance. From the breeding standpoint, the genetic similarity between S. lycopersicum and S. pimpinellifolium would allow a more efficient resistance introgression by facilitating recombination and minimizing the potentially undesirable linkage drag associated with this trait. 相似文献
7.
Leo W. Beukeboom 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2016,158(1):1-1
Generalist herbivores can face many challenges when choosing their host plant. This can be particularly difficult if their choice and performance are affected by host experience. Greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is an invasive generalist herbivore, which has established in year‐round greenhouses at northern latitudes where it cannot overwinter outdoors. It mainly uses crops such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), and ornamentals as host plants. However, every summer the insect escapes greenhouses and is exposed to natural vegetation. We evaluated the performance of T. vaporariorum on diverse vegetation outside greenhouses after prolonged experience of greenhouse crops. First, we surveyed the vegetation near infested greenhouses. Development success of the insect differed among wild hosts. We identified five new hosts among 12 plant species that bore pupae and were thus considered suitable as the insect's host plants. Members of the Urticaceae and Onagraceae were the most preferred and frequently inhabited by all insect life stages. The highest abundance of insects occurred in plots with low plant species richness, independent of plant family in these habitats. We then studied experimentally the impact of 1 year of preconditioning to one of three common greenhouse crops, cucumber, tomato, or poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch), on the performance of the preconditioned adults and their progeny on four wild plants. Adults from tomato and poinsettia preferred the novel host species over the species to which they were preconditioned. The whitefly population preconditioned to cucumber was the most fecund on all offered hosts. We conclude that generalist herbivores can have large variation in performance, despite polyphagy, on novel hosts as shown by the variable abundance of T. vaporariorum pupae among outdoor hosts. Furthermore, performance of whiteflies on natural vegetation was affected by experience on greenhouse crops. Based on our observations, we provide insights and recommendations for pest management. 相似文献
8.
P. J. Cameron P. J. Wigley S. Elliott V. V. Madhusudhan A. R. Wallace J. A. D. Anderson & G. P. Walker 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2009,132(2):99-109
A new mark-capture technique involving field applications of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) to study the dispersal of potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), was investigated as a tool to improve information on the potential impact of insect pest dispersal on crop infestation and insecticide resistance. The acquisition and persistence of Bt on moths were characterized and potential contamination of moths from naturally occurring Bts was examined. This mark-capture technique was developed to mark larger numbers of moths than had been previously achieved with laboratory marking using fluorescent dyes in mark-release-recapture experiments. Applications of commercial preparations of Bt to 0.3 and 1.0 ha potato fields were estimated to have marked ca. 50 000 moths in each experiment. Pheromone trap catches of potato tuber moths in the Bt-sprayed fields and in potato fields at distances of ca. 80, 200, 350, and 750 m were assayed for the Bt marker using selective microbiological media and identification of characteristic Bt crystal inclusions. Marking rates of moths were 78–100% in the sprayed fields and, compared with our previous mark-release-recapture studies, marking at ca. 200 m was increased by 15–18-fold to >3.0 moths per trap. This capture rate allowed the calculation of a dispersal curve that improved the reliability of estimates of movement at farm-scale distances. These estimates indicated that 10% of the population dispersed to 240 m in 3 days, and suggested that moths can potentially disperse throughout a typical potato-growing area in one growing season. This level of dispersal has implications for the spread and management of potato tuber moth populations, especially if insecticide resistance is present. 相似文献
9.
Shi‐Ze Zhang Hong Huang Hong‐Wei Shan Fan Zhang Fang‐Hao Wan Tong‐Xian Liu 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2013,147(3):293-300
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and Pieris rapae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) are serious pests of vegetables, that can occur simultaneously on a single cabbage plant [Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. (Brassicaceae)]. We determined whether pre‐feeding or infestation by B. tabaci on cabbage could induce physiological and biochemical responses of the plant against P. rapae. Developmental time, length, and weight of immature P. rapae, and defense‐related plant compounds (SOD, superoxide dismutase; POD, peroxidase; CAT, catalase; APX, ascorbate peroxidase) were measured. Development of P. rapae larvae was 21% slower on B. tabaci‐pre‐infested plants than on plants without B. tabaci infestation. When feeding on B. tabaci‐pre‐infested plants, 22% of P. rapae larvae pupated as compared with 83% on B. tabaci‐free plants. Weights of P. rapae from first to fourth instars that fed on B. tabaci‐pre‐infested plants were also reduced, whereas those of fifth instars and pupae were not. Similarly, body length of P. rapae from first to fourth instars was affected by B. tabaci pre‐infestation, whereas that of the fifth instars was not. Peroxidase and APX activities of the B. tabaci‐pre‐infested plants increased more than SOD and CAT. Peroxidase and SOD activities of B. tabaci and P. rapae co‐infested plants increased as compared with those of P. rapae‐infested plants; however, CAT and APX activities were not different between B. tabaci‐ and P. rapae‐infested plants. These results showed that B. tabaci infestation had a negative effect on P. rapae when they occurred simultaneously on the same host plant. The implications of the induced plant changes on the herbivore are discussed. 相似文献
10.
添加物对Bt制剂杀灭鳞翅目害虫的增效作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以菜青虫幼虫为试虫,经室内毒力测定Bt制剂添加物的增效作用,结果表明11种添加物加入Bt制剂后均有不同的增效作用,将增效添加剂加入Bt8010菌粉,置于54摄氏度恒温条件下贮放14d后,取出测定添加物对Bt8010菌的影响,结果有6种添加物,能明显降低温贮存后Bt8010菌的芽胞数与杀虫率,田间试验结果表明,5种对Bt8010菌安全的增效添加物,按不同比例配成3组复合添加剂,再与Bt8010WP混合后,能明显提高对小菜蛾,菜青虫,甘蓝夜蛾等鳞翅目害虫的杀灭活性。 相似文献
11.
We examined whether the young pupae of three parasitoid species, Encarsia inaron (Walker), E. lutea (Masi), and E. sophia (Girault and Dodd) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), all attacking the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), exhibited different susceptibility to host feeding and to autoparasitism than older pupae. These parasitoid species differ as follows: E. lutea is autoparasitic and has non‐melanized pupae, E. inaron is not autoparasitic and has melanized pupae, whereas E. sophia is autoparasitic and has melanized pupae. The results showed that the younger pupae were always more susceptible to internecine action (host feeding or autoparasitism) than the older pupae. The relative immunity of the older pupae was not dependent upon pupal melanization, as it was the same for pupae of E. lutea that have unmelanized pupae as the other melanized species. The findings increased the range of the ‘window of opportunity’ for male development discovered by Hunter & Kelly (1998 , Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 89: 249–259) to more Encarsia species and to the phenomenon of host feeding, and suggest that relative pupal resistance to damage may be widespread among these parasitic Hymenoptera. 相似文献
12.
The tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a key pest in commercial sweet pepper crops in southeast Spain. Its biological control is currently based on augmentative introductions of the parasitic wasp Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), which need to be occasionally supplemented with pesticide applications. These pesticides can be harmful for the biological control agents. Therefore, it is important to improve the current strategy by reducing dependency on pesticides. Two potential solutions are conceivable: addition of another effective biocontrol agent or application of pesticide prior to the release of biocontrol agents. The mirid bug Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Heteroptera: Miridae) and the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) are promising candidates as additional biocontrol agents. The aim of the present study was to test these possible solutions in two subsequent trials, i.e., a 'selection' and an 'improvement' experiment. In the selection experiment, four treatments were compared: E. mundus , N. tenuis + E. mundus , A. swirskii + E. mundus , and A. swirskii + N. tenuis + E. mundus . Amblyseius swirskii appeared able to significantly increase effectiveness against the pest, in contrast to N. tenuis, which did not contribute to whitefly control. The best strategy was the combination of E. mundus and A. swirskii . In the improvement experiment, three treatments were compared: E. mundus , A. swirskii + E. mundus , and A. swirskii + E. mundus + pesticides. Amblyseius swirskii again proved capable of significantly reducing whitefly populations, and the implementation of pesticides before the release of the biocontrol agents was shown to increase the effectiveness against the pest even more. 相似文献
13.
Bt杀虫剂研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
张玲 《中国生物工程杂志》2005,25(B04):91-94
概述了害虫对转苏云金杆菌（Bacillusthuringiensis,简称Bt）抗虫基因植物的行为学反应、Bt毒素基因的鉴定和定位、Bt辅助蛋白、昆虫对Bt毒素的抗性机理、天敌与转Bt基因抗虫植物的协同控害作用、Bt安全性方面的研究现状,提出了今后的研究方向。 相似文献
14.
本文记述分布于甘肃省的丽盲蝽属新丽盲蝽亚属（ｓｕｂｇ．Ｎｅｄｙｇｕｓ）二新种,修长丽盲蝽Ｌｙｇｏｃｏｒｉｓ（Ｎｅｏｌｙｕｇｓ）ｅｌｏｎｇａｔｕｌｕｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和甘肃丽盲蝽Ｌｙｇｏｃｏｒｉｓ（ｎｅｏｌｙｇｕｓ）ｇａｎｓｕｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ模式标本均存放南开大学生物系。 相似文献
15.
In this paper, two Korean Compsidolon species, C. salicellum (Herrich-Schaeffer) and C. elaegnicola Yasunaga, were treated. Of these, C. elaegnicola Yasunaga, 1999, which was previously known only from Japan, is reported from Korea for the first time and diagnosed. A dorsal habitus image and illustrations of the male genitalia are provided. 相似文献
16.
系统研究了中国苔麦蛾属Ｂｒｙｏｔｒｏｐｈａ,中国新纪录,记述６新种２中国新纪录种。文中提供了两性外生殖器特征图和分种检索表。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所。拟寿苔麦蛾Ｂｒｙｏｔｒｏｐｈａ ａｍｂｉｓｅｎｅｃｔｅｌｌａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．分布于甘肃和陕西,该种与寿苔蛾Ｂｒｙｏｔｒｏｐｈａ ｓｅｎｅｃｔｅｌｌａ（Ｚｅｌｌｅｒ）相似,但雄性外生殖器抱器腹突出平缓;雌性外生殖器前阴片后缘凸起。短瓣苔麦蛾 相似文献
17.
本文记述竹麦蛾属１新种－－秦岭竹麦蛾Ｃａｒｙｏｃｏｌｕｍ ｑｉｎｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。,模式标本存在西北林学院。 相似文献
18.
Adelphocorisella australis sp. n. is described from north Queensland. This, the first representative of the genus known from Australia, is compared with the two previously described species, both from Japan. 相似文献
19.
本文报导中国盲蝽科平盲蝽属8种,其中包括一新种.他们是:碎斑平盲蝽Zanchius mosaicus Zhenget Liang,红点平盲蝽Z.tarasovi Kerzhner,绿斑平盲蝽Z.marmoratus Zou,五斑平盲蝽Z.quinquemaculatus Zou,邹氏平盲蝽Z.zoui Zheng et Liu,黄平盲蝽Z.vitellinus Zou,红平盲蝽Z.rubidus Liu et Zheng sp.nov.,台湾平盲蝽Z.apicalis Poppius.模式标本保存在天津南开大学生物系.本属过去所描述的种均为淡色或绿色,没有发现红色种类,该新种红色,可明显区别于本属其他各种. 相似文献
20.
Thomas J. Henry 《ZooKeys》2012,(220):1-114
The phyline plant bug genus Tytthus Fieber, previously containing 19 species, is revised. Isoproba Osborn and Drake, 1915, incorrectly placed in the subfamily Bryocorinae, tribe Dicyphini, is synonymized as a junior synonym of Tytthus Fieber, syn. n.; the only included species, Isoproba picea Osborn and Drake is transferred to Tytthus, comb. n., as the senior synonym of Tytthus hondurensis Carvalho, syn. n.; and Tytthus koreanus Josifov and Kerzhner, 1972 is synonymized with Tytthus chinensis (Stål 1860), syn. n.; and a lectotype for Tytthus parviceps is designated. The six new species Tytthus femoralis from Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, and Peru,Tytthus fuscicornis from New Mexico (USA), Tytthus mexicanus from Mexico, Tytthus pallidus from Brazil and Panama, Tytthus uniformis from Arizona and New Mexico (USA), and Tytthus wheeleri from the eastern United States are described, bringing the total number of species for the genus to 24. A color adult habitus illustration of Tytthus wheeleri, color photographs for each species (except Tytthus juturnaiba Carvalho and Wallerstein), illustrations of male genitalia, scanning electron photomicrographs of selected structures of certain species, and an identification key are provided to facilitate species recognition. A phylogenetic analysis is offered to help infer relationships. 相似文献