Suivi pluriannuel du peuplement à Abra alba dans la partie méridionale de la Mer du Nord (région de Dunkerque-France)

The Abra alba community is considered as a faunistical unity well established on coastal areas of North Sea. This community shows, since several years, very important recruitments of certain species. Since 1978, recruitments of Abra alba, Tellina fabula, Phyllodoce (Anaïtides) mucosa, Lagis koreni or Lanice conchilega have been observed. However these demographic phenomena does not affect the structure of the community, which shows, through rank-frequency diagrams, the characteristic of a mature population, principally constituted of 7 species.An annual cycle study shows a succession of recruitments of several species. A correspondance factorial analysis was realised from grain size datas as well as abundances of 18 main species. This analysis shows an annual cycle which seems to be linked to the clay part. Maximal values of clay part appears in summer and minimal values at the end of winter or early springtime.The hydrological parameters studied, allowed to make the difference between external factors (continental contributions, phytoplanctonic activity etc...) and benthic activity.

     

Cérémonie du pardon dans la thérapie des familles maltraitantes

The author’s experience is based on interdisciplinary consultations on maltreatment within the family with a team of physicians, psychologists, and educators who employ systematic strategies (family therapy, couple therapy, group therapy, individual therapy, and network therapy). The author mainly describes the strategy of acknowledgment and forgiveness within families after various kinds of abuse (sexual, physical, and psychological) and neglect. The need to heal family relationships damaged by abuse requires patient efforts and a number of different settings, sometimes individual and sometimes collective involving confrontation with other family members. It follows a logical construction centered on the perpetrator/ victim/third-party triangle. This paper discusses the principles and technical rules of this pyramidal approach, illustrating them with several clinical examples. It is necessary to preserve the influence and position of parents driven to acknowledge misdeeds, even when asking for forgiveness from victims, in order to restore family ties without damaging the natural hierarchy (in the best interest of each child and family).     

Contribution à la connaissance des Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera : Chalcidoidea) du Maroc,nouvelles données et comparaison avec la faune d’Afrique du Nord

Au Maroc, la famille des Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera : Chalcidoidea) compte actuellement 46 espèces. Six genres (Acerophagus Smith, 1880, Cerchysiella Girault, 1914, Cheiloneurus Westwood, 1833, Copidosoma Ratzeburg, 1844, Epitetracnemus Girault, 1915, Tineophoctonus Ashmead, 1900) et sept espèces [Cheiloneurus elegans (Dalman, 1820), Copidosoma floridanum (Ashmead, 1900), Epitetracnemus intersectus (Fonscolombe, 1832), Habrolepis pascuorum Mercet, 1921, Metaphycus melanostomatus (Timberlake, 1916), Metaphycus castaneus (Mercet, 1921) et Tineophoctonus armatus (Ashmead, 1888)] sont signalés pour la première fois de ce pays. Les échantillonnages ont été réalisés dans trois stations d’étude au sein de la subéraie de la Maâmora au cours de deux années successives (juin 2012 à avril 2014).     

Megalodontidae du Trias supérieurdans la chaine Taurique (Turquie méridionale)

Recent discoveries of Triassic formations in thewestern Taurides have disclosed extensive carbonates of Upper Triassic age containing abundant Megalodonts. Four outcrops have provided for the first time in Turkey, the genera Dicerocardium, Physocardia, Cornucardia, Neomegalodon, Triadomegalodon, Rhaetomegalodon and several species are described, among which C. turcencis n. sp. and R. incisus gutnici n. ssp. These fauna typically belong to the assemblages found in the Hauptdolomit and Dachsteinkalk of central and southern Europe.     

Une oasis aquatique à faune relique dans la Plaine du Danube inférieur

Résumé Etude d'un complexe de sources, situé dans la Plaine du Danube Inférieur (= Plaine Roumaine ou Plains de Valachie), à 100 m d'alt. environ. La station se caractérise par un complexe de facteurs uniques dans ce coin de (Europe: abondance de l'eau phréatique froide sortant à jour sur une surface restreinte, protection efficace grâce à une saulaie compacte, variété des substrats et abondance des sources trophiques. Ces éléments rendent possible l'existence d'une faune relique, comprenant rotifères, tardigrades, coléoptères, trichoptères, hydracariens, etc., espèces ayant ici leur seule station de la Plaine Roumaine. Les espèces qu'on signale dans le travail sont soit formes de montagne, soit à aréal septentrional ou septentrional-occidental, soit, enfin, caractéristiques pour les tourbières d'altitude, souvent même pour les tourbières acides à Sphagnum. On considère la faune du complexe de Corbii Ciungi comme un rests remarquable de la faune aquatique ayant peuplé la Plaine Roumaine antérieurement à la mise en friche sauvage des forêts et à l'extension impétueuse de l'agriculture, phénomènes ayant radicalement transformé ce territoire.     

Données récentes sur la biologie des poissons dans le delta central du Niger

Sans résumé     

Biométrie des graines et nombres chromosomiques dans la sous-sectionHeterophylla du genreCampanula (Campanulaceae)

Length measurements of seeds belonging to 12 taxa of theCampanula rotundifolia group, including six Pyrenean endemics, prove a certain relation between seed length and ploidy level (2x–4x–6x).

     

Contribution à la phylogénie et la systématique des Aleocharinae hypogés d’Afrique du Nord (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

A l’occasion de la découverte d’une nouvelle espèce marocaine d’Apteranillus Fairmaire 1854: Apteranillus bichaini n. sp. provenant de l’extrémité occidentale de la chaîne de l’Atlas, de la découverte d’une nouvelle localité d’Apteranillus minosianus Lecoq & Quéinnec 2005 et de la capture du mâle de Typhlozyras camusi Jeannel 1960 jusqu’alors inconnu, toutes les espèces des genres Apteranillus, Typhlozyras et Apteraphaenops Jeannel 1907 sont redécrites et illustrées. Un tableau de détermination et une carte de répartition des genres et des espèces endogées et troglobies d’Aleocharinae d’Afrique du nord (Apteranillus, Anopsapterus, Drusilla (Apteranopsis), Apteraphaenops, Typhlozyras) sont donnés. La synonymie Apteranillus championi Bernhauer 1936=Apteranillus dohrnii Fairmaire 1854 n. syn. est établie. L’examen détaillé des caractères morphologiques des genres Typhlozyras et Apteraphaenops suggère l’appartenance de ces deux genres aux Athetini et non aux Lomechusini comme il est couramment admis jusqu’à présent, Apteraphaenops étant étroitement apparenté à Paraleptusa Peyerimhoff1901 et Typhlozyras à Geostiba Thomson 1858.     

La faune malacologique des calcaires éocènes de la région de Sabarat (Pyrénées ariégeoises)

Limestone beds included in the «Poudingue dePalassou around Sabarat (Ariège) contain a Gasteropod fauna known since J.-B. Noulet's works (1857). The systematic inventory of the different localities and the paleontological study of the material collected prove that two successive and clearly different Mollusc faunas existed. The bartonian fauna with Ischurostoma formosum minutum (Noulet) and Biomphalaria vasseuri (Roman) is preceded by a lower lutetian fauna with Biomphalaria pseudoammonius (Scholtheim): in the latter, two paleoecological groups are opposed according to the sheltered channels of two kinds in which limestones beds have been built. Besides, the chronostratigraphic consequences imply that the middle part of the «Poudingue de Palassou has been formed from Lower Lutetian to Bartonian.     

La denture et la région palatine des placodontia (Reptilia,Trias).Implications phylogénétiques

Dental and palatal anatomies of the valid taxa of the Placodontia (Reptilia, Triassic) are described. This analysis leads to a synthesis of the different dental and palatal structures, and to an evolutionary model of acquisition of the particular placodontian dentition, from a general reptilian one. A phylogeny and a classification of the Placodontia, mainly based on these dental and palatal characters, are deduced from it.     

Localisation du récepteur des androgènes dans le testicule

Whether or not germ cells contain the androgen receptor remains a matter of controversy. In the present study we performed biotinstreptavidin immunoperoxidase using an affinity purified rabbit polyclonal antibody made to a 21 amino acid peptide of the amino terminus of the rat AR to determine androgen receptor (AR) distribution in the rat and mouse testes. Specificity of the antibody was confirmed as follows: 1) Western immunoblots rendered a specific band at approximately 110 kD; 2) preadsorption of the antibody with the 21 amino acid peptide eliminated specifice immunostaining; 3) the intensity of staining in all AR positive cells diminished as a function of antisera dilution; 4) tissues known to express abundant AR (e.g., epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicles) all rendered a robust, nuclear AR immunostaining pattern in the epithelial cells; 5) prostate cell lines known to express AR immunostained positive with the antibody; 6) AR negative COS-7 cells became AR immunopositive when transfected with a vector expressing the rat AR and intracellular AR distribution was a function of androgens. AR immunostaining results revealed the following: Within the interstitial compartment of adult rats, AR was detected in some Leydig cells and all smooth muscle cells forming the walls of blood vessels, but endothelial cells were negative. In the seminiferous tubules AR was observed in all peritubular myoid cell nuelei, but not in the distal layer of Iymphatic endothelial cells. In Sertoli cells, nuclear AR immunostaining was stage specific; moderate AR immunostaining became evident at late stage IV of the cycle, reached a robust peak at stages VII-VIII, and then disappeared completely. Specific AR immunostaining was also discerned in the nuclei of stage XI elongated spermatids, in which nuclear elongation is apparent but chromatin condensation has not yet begun. With onset of chromatin condensation, nuclear AR immunostaining in elongated spermatids was not discerned concomitant with its detection in the cytoplasm. In general, similar observations have now been confirmed in the adult mouse testis, except that an Leydig cells were strongly AR positive. Nucleic acid in situ hybridization studies for AR were performed in adult rat testis using a 236 bp antisense cRNA probe (rat AR cDNA was provided by Dr. C. Chang, U. Wisconsin, Madison, WI) to confirm the AR immunostaining. A prominent hybridization signal at the base of the seminiferous epithelium was observed, in the area occupied by Sertofi and spermatogonia. This led us to re-examine the immunostaining results to determine if spermatogonia were also AR positive. Preliminary results are consistent with the interpretation that AR is present in certain spermatogonial populations. Taken together, these results concur with prior observations suggesting that AR is present in the somatic cells of the testis; thus, it is these cell types that likely respond to circulating androgens to control spermatogenesis. However, they raise anew the controversy of whether germ cells respond directly to androgens.     

Intérêt du dosage des peptides natriurétiques en urgence dans la dyspnée aiguë

Acute dyspnea often leads to an emergency room visit. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and its N-terminal fragment (NT-proBNP) are natriuretic peptide factors secreted by ventricular myocytes when pressure is exerted on the ventricular wall. BNP fights against the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, while NT-proBNP exhibits no activity in this regard. Elevated blood levels of these factors correlate with a variety of functional indices for left-sided heart failure. Several studies have demonstrated their usefulness as markers of left-sided heart failure, the main cause of acute dyspnea seen in emergency rooms. The diagnostic performance of BNP and NT-proBNP appears to be identical; it is, however, greater than that of the emergency room physician. BNP and NT-proBNP have high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of acute heart failure. Briefly, when BNP is less than 100 pg/ml, heart failure is very unlikely (NT-proBNP <500 pg/ml); when it is greater than 400 pg/ml (NT-proBNP >2000 pg/ml); when it is greater than 400 pg/ml (NT-proBNP >2000 pg/ml), it is very likely. The early measurement of BNP in emergency room situations improves the care of patients presenting with acute dyspnea and makes it possible to reduce hospitalisation costs.