毛离褶伞——一种孢子杆状的离褶伞科新属和新种

根据形态和分子系统发育证据,描述采自我国西南的新属和新种毛离褶伞Tricholyophyllum brunneum。与离褶伞科其他属不同,该新属的菌盖表皮为毛皮状,菌柄表皮为不连续的毛皮状,有褶缘囊状体,担孢子长椭圆形至圆柱形。     

世界鞘翅目2020年新分类单元

鞘翅目昆虫是陆地上最大的生物类群, 具有极为丰富的物种多样性和形态多样性, 在陆地生态系统中发挥着重要作用, 与人类社会生产密不可分。定期对世界鞘翅目新分类单元进行汇总整理, 有助于更好地了解鞘翅目多样性的发展动态, 从而促进对生态系统结构与功能的了解以及鞘翅目昆虫资源的开发与保护。本文对2020年发表的世界鞘翅目分类学文献进行了系统地整理与分析。结果表明, 2020年共发表世界鞘翅目新分类单元3,228个(含化石种类), 包括1个新科5个新亚科13个新族218个新属18个新亚属2,973个新种; 提出了1,319个新组合610个新异名49个降级的分类单元及61个升级的分类单元。重点研究的类群包括隐翅虫科(Staphylinidae)、步甲科(Carabidae)、象甲科(Curculionidae)、天牛科(Cerambycidae)等。世界鞘翅目昆虫新物种模式标本产地涉及118个国家和地区, 大部分新物种分布于中国、巴西、墨西哥、厄瓜多尔、印度尼西亚、澳大利亚和越南。收录世界鞘翅目昆虫新发表种的论文/专著共995篇/部, 涉及期刊或出版社141个。2020年, 世界鞘翅目分类学取得了显著进展, 但同时也暴露了新种发现速度略慢于1978-2000年的平均速度以及地区和类群研究力度不均衡的问题, 未来仍需加大投入, 探寻更加高效准确的方法, 以期实现对全球生物多样性的全面评估和保护。     

2021年中国双翅目新分类单元

双翅目是世界上昆虫种类最为繁多的类群之一, 具有重要的经济和生态意义。本文对2021年国内外学者发表的中国双翅目新分类单元进行了系统的整理和总结。2021年共发表中国双翅目新分类单元136个, 涉及27个科, 包括新属1个, 新种135个; 增加了中国新记录属4个, 新记录种37个。在2021年发表的所有中国双翅目新种中, 果蝇科、舞虻科、摇蚊科和大蚊科的数量最多, 占全年发表新种总数的1/2。新分类单元和新记录涉及23个省级行政区, 云南发表的新种数明显高于其他地区, 占全国新种发表总数的1/3。2021年双翅目的新分类单元由150位作者贡献, 发表论文70篇; Zootaxa、ZooKeys和昆虫分类学报是发表中国双翅目新分类单元的主要期刊。2021年, 中国双翅目分类研究取得了很大进展, 但其在不同地区和类群间的研究水平并不均衡, 未来仍需投入更多的关注和支持。     

中国丝膜菌属李玉丝膜菌组一新种：李玉丝膜菌

本研究报道了丝膜菌属的一个新种：李玉丝膜菌,该种采自中国吉林省蒙古栎林中,其主要特征为担子体小型、幼时具蓝紫色调,菌盖强水浸状、具条纹,担孢子近球形。该种在系统发育树中形成一个独立的分支,与斑丝膜菌组形成姐妹关系,但遗传关系较远,属于新组李玉丝膜菌组。本文对新分类单元进行了详细描述,并对其系统发育上相近的物种进行了比较。     

A new genus and species in the tribe Empoascini (Hemiptera,Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from China

One new leafhopper genus, Circinans, is described with a new species Circinans striata sp. n. as the type species from southern China. Habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia of this new species are given and differences between the new genus and closely related genera are discussed.     

中国新记录巴克斯霉属Backusella的两个分类单元(英文)

最近在中国十个省市发现了一个新记录属——巴克斯霉属Backusella,包括一个种的两个变种,即卷曲巴克斯霉原变种B.circina var.circina和卷曲巴克斯霉改级光孢变种B. circina var. lamprospora stat. nov. ≡ B. lamprospora。文章对这两个变种提供了形态描述和线条图,还提供了属内区分所有可以承认的分类群的检索表。把这两个分类群从种级降为变种级的理由亦有所讨论。ITS rDNA序列分析表明,卷曲巴克斯霉是一个多系类群,与放射毛霉属Actinomucor、毛霉属Mucor和根毛霉属Rhizomucor有着密切的谱系关系。这一结果暗示目前的卷曲巴克斯霉种的概念较大,可称为广义卷曲巴克斯霉B.circina s.l.;如果仅仅依靠分子数据,很有可能给出错误的分类学鉴定结果。     

云南樟科植物一新种——华樟

【目的】研究确定及报道在中国云南省南涧县发现的樟科桂属植物一新种——华樟(Cinnamomum huarum Y. Chai&Yuan Y. Li)。【方法】通过形态比较及与近缘种基于叶绿体基因组数据的分子系统学研究证实该种为新分类群。【结果】该种与同属的茶果樟(C.chago)形态相似,均为羽状脉,叶对生或近对生,具长尾尖,但该种小枝被微柔毛,顶芽密被毛,叶背灰白色,被微柔毛,边缘具波状起伏,果实厚扁球形,二者具明显区别。该种的叶绿体基因组大小为154 078 bp,比茶果樟长1 325 bp,比同属的刀把木(C.pittosporoides)长1 348 bp,在反向重复区比茶果樟及刀把木都多了1个678 bp的片段;在36种樟科植物构建的系统发育进化树中,该种与刀把木和其他物种形成3个独立的平行分支,且形态与茶果樟近似,表明该种可能是桂属新的进化单元。【结论】形态学特征及叶绿体基因组分析结果支持该种为独立的物种。     

Coordinated shifts to non-planktotrophic development in spatangoid echinoids during the Late Cretaceous

Despite widespread interest in the interplay between evolutionary and developmental processes, we still know relatively little about the evolutionary history of larval development. Many clades exhibit multiple shifts from planktotrophic (feeding) to non-planktotrophic (non-feeding) larval development. An important question is whether these switches are scattered randomly through geological history or are concentrated in particular intervals of time. This issue is addressed using the Cretaceous spatangoid sea urchins, which are unusual in that larval strategy can be determined unambiguously from abundantly fossilized adult tests. Using a genus-level phylogeny, we identify five clades of non-planktotrophic taxa, each of which first appears in the fossil record in the Campanian or Maastrichtian (the final two Cretaceous stages). No examples of non-planktotrophy have been identified in any of the earlier stages of the Cretaceous. This strongly suggests that shifts to non-planktotrophic development are clustered in certain episodes of geological history, and this, in turn, implies that extrinsic factors operating at these times are responsible for driving shifts in developmental strategy.     

The Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) of New Zealand’s subantarctic islands

Abstract

A taxonomic study of midges collected in the subantarctic islands of New Zealand yielded 22 species of Chironomidae and 4 of Ceratopogonidae. Only four of the chironomids occur elsewhere, three on ‘mainland’ New Zealand and one on The Snares islands. Of the 15 species found on the Auckland Islands, 11 on Campbell Island, and 5 on the Antipodes Islands, respectively 9, 4, and 2 are endemic. Nine new species are proposed in existing genera: Parochlus rennelli, P. reductus, P. gressitti, P. brevis, Telmatogeton antipodensis, Eukiefferiella heveli, Cricotopus aucklandensis, Chironomus antipodensis, and C. subantarcticus. Gressittius n.gen. is proposed for Corethra antarctica Hudson (type-species). Semiocladius n.gen. is proposed for Camptocladius crassipennis Skuse, and S. kuscheli n.sp. is described. Eight further new genera are proposed, with the following new species as type-species: Kuschelius dentifer, Mecaorus elongatus, Pterosis wisei, Hevelius carinatus, Gynnidocladius pilulus, Nesiocladius gressitti, Nakataia cisdentifer, and Maryella reducta. Genera Halirytus Eaton and Psamathiomya Deby are synonymised with Telmatogeton Schiner. Gressittius antarcticus (Hudson), Ablabesmyia mala (Hutton), Telmatogeton magellanicus (Jacobs), T. amphibius (Eaton), T. macquariensis (Brundin), Semiocladius crassipennis (Skuse), S. endocladiae (Tokunaga), and Calopsectra funebris (Freeman) are new combinations. Of the ceratopogonids, only one species occurs elsewhere in New Zealand. Three species, only one of them endemic, were found on the Auckland Islands; two were found on Campbell, of which only one is endemic. Forcipomyia kuscheli and Dasyhelea aucklandensis are proposed as new species.