NEW DISCOVERY OF YUNNANOLEPIDS- HETEROYUN-NANOLEPIS QUJINCENSIS (GEN. ET SP. NOV.)

Thenewformdiffersfromtlieotheryunnanolepidsinthefollowingcharacteristics:1)orbitalfenestrabiggerandinamoreanteriorposition;2)possessingpreorbitalrecess(prh)insteadofpreorbitaldepression;3)infraorbitalsensorycanalpassingthroughpostmarginalplate;supraorbitalsensorycanalonpost-pinealplate;4)posteriorinternaltransversecrestinamoreposteriorposition.Onthebasisofcharactersofthenewgenus,thefollowingconcludingremarksarepreliminarygiven:1)Thepreorbitaldepressioninyunnanolepidsisprobab1ynothomologouswith…     

SCIADOPITOPHYLLUM CANADENSE GEN. ET SP. NOV.: A NEW CONIFER FROM WESTERN ALBERTA

A new Sciadopitys-like conifer is described on the basis of compression fossils of shoots and leaves found at the Smokey Tower locality in western Alberta. The specimens consist of long, strap-like leaves attached in apparent whorls and subtended by groups of scale leaves. Other scale leaves are borne in loose spirals on the shoots between whorls. These specimens represent the first record of Sciadopitys-like foliage from western North America. Comparisons are made with extant and extinct species of the genus Sciadopitys (Siebold and Zuccarini, 1841) and with the widely distributed fossil genus Sciadopitytes (Goeppert and Menge, 1883).     

中国河北省弱蛛科一新属新种记述(蜘蛛纲,蜘蛛目)

记述了采自于中国河北省赞皇县嶂石岩风景区(九女峰景区)的弱蛛科1新属新种:宽跗皱弱蛛Rhysscoleptoneta latitarsa gen.nov.et sp. nov..皱弱蛛属Rhyssoleptoneta gen.nov.与该科其它属的主要区别在于雄性触肢跗节较宽,端部无分叉,背面具1个短小的突起;雄性触肢生殖球结构复杂等.模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所.     

鄂尔多斯盆地—翼龙化石

鄂尔多斯盆地的志丹群中发现一新的翼龙,命名庆阳环河翼龙(Huanhepterus quingyangensis gen.et sp.nov.)。环河翼龙的形态特征与欧洲晚侏罗世的Gnathosaurus相似。因此推断产庆阳环河翼龙的地层——志丹群的华池环河组的时代是晚侏罗世。     

ACTINOXYLON BANKSII GEN. ET SP. NOV.: A PROGYMNOSPERM FROM THE MIDDLE DEVONIAN OF NEW YORK

A new genus from a Middle Devonian locality near Cairo, N. Y., is described. Actinoxylon gen. nov. is based upon pyritic petrifactions. Three orders of branching are present: penultimate branch, ultimate branch, and leaf. The penultimate branch bears spirally arranged ultimate branches and leaves, the leaves apparently replacing the branches in the spiral. The ultimate branches bear opposite to subopposite and decussate leaves. The leaves are non-planated, unwebbed structures which show at least three dichotomies. Each segment of the leaf is terete as are all other axes. Internally the penultimate branch has a six-lobed actinostele with mesarch protoxylem areas, one or two per lobe. Secondary xylem is visible in the oldest parts of several specimens. The xylem has helical-reticulate, reticulate, scalariform and circular-pitted elements. The presumptive areas of phloem are occupied by cells with dark contents. The cortex is composed of a parenchymatous inner region and a sclerenchymatous outer region. The ultimate branch traces are at first three-lobed protosteles, later becoming four-lobed. Several ultimate branch traces also possess secondary xylem while within the cortex of the penultimate branch. The leaf traces are terete strands. Below each forking of a leaf segment there is a corresponding forking of the vascular strand. Actinoxylon is compared with the progymnosperms Actinopodium, Svalbardia, Archaeopteris, Siderella, and Tetraxylopteris. The anatomy of the penultimate branch of Actinoxylon is similar to that of Actinopodium, Archaeopteris macilenta, and Siderella. The ultimate branch traces of Archaeopteris and Actinoxylon are similar. The ultimate branch stele and pattern of trace formation in Actinoxylon is similar to the stelar configuration and trace formation in the r + 2 axes of Tetraxylopteris schmidtii. The unwebbed leaves are similar to those of Archaeopteris fissilis, Svalbardia, and the terminal units of the Aneurophytales.     

新疆一新蜥脚类

本文记述了新疆中侏罗世蜥脚类恐龙的克拉美丽龙新亚科的一新属种——戈壁克拉美丽龙,并对新亚科的建立及其所属地质时代进行了分析讨论。     

BOSTONIA PERPLEXA GEN. ET SP. NOV., A CALAMOPITYAN AXIS FROM THE NEW ALBANY SHALE OF KENTUCKY

Bostonia perplexa, gen. et sp. nov., was collected from the Lower Mississippian Falling Run member of the Sanderson Formation. The single short segment of an axis, preserved as a petrifaction, contains at least three vascular columns, each with both primary and secondary tissues. Primary xylem is two or three ribbed, and contains several mesarch protoxylem strands. Gymnospermous secondary xylem is characterized by both uniseriate and multiseriate rays. The ground tissue is parenchymatous except for a few clusters of sclerotic cells. In its apparent polystelic nature, the specimen superficially resembles members of the Pennsylvanian to Permian Medullosaceae. All evidence currently available, however, leads to the conclusion that this species should be placed in the Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian Calamopityaceae. It has not been determined with certainty whether the species is polystelic (in the sense of the Medullosaceae), or whether the apparent polystely is the result of stelar branching proximal to the level of branch divergence.     

辽宁早白垩世今鸟类一新属种(Jianchangornis microdonta gen.etsp.nov.)

依据一近完整的相关节的骨骼化石,记述了辽宁建昌早白垩世九佛堂组原始今鸟类一新属种:小齿建昌鸟(Jianchangornis microdonta gen.et sp.nov.)。新鸟个体较大,但从骨化程度分析,正型标本可能属于一亚成年个体。具有一些进步特征,如胸骨及龙骨突加长,乌喙骨具有发育的前乌喙突以及和肩胛骨关联的关节窝,叉骨"U"字型,愈合荐椎包括9-10枚荐椎,尾综骨短小,第二、三掌骨远端愈合,跗跖骨完全愈合等,表明新属无疑属于今鸟类。在以下特征组合上很容易和已知的早白垩世今鸟类化石相区别:齿骨上至少有16枚细小牙齿,从齿骨前端向后沿齿骨大部密集排列;肩胛骨强烈弯曲;第一掌骨粗壮,较其他掌骨宽;第一指长并且远端延伸明显超过第二掌骨;肱骨+尺骨+第二掌骨与股骨+胫跗骨+跗跖骨的长度比例约为1.1。系统发育分析表明新属属于基干的今鸟类。新发现的材料第二、三掌骨远端愈合很好,但近端却未完全愈合,这一特征尚未见于其他已知鸟类,或许表明今鸟类腕掌骨的愈合和现生鸟类的跗跖骨一样是从远端开始的,不同于反鸟类和其他基干鸟类。建昌鸟的下颌还保存了一个前齿骨,这是继早白垩世红山鸟之后的另一例报道,可能进一步表明这一结构在今鸟类中曾普遍出现。新鸟肩带、胸骨和前肢的特征显示了和现代鸟类相近的飞行能力,其后肢、脚趾的比例以及趾爪的形态等显示和燕鸟、义县鸟等相似的地栖特征。保存于标本上的鱼类残骸可能显示了建昌鸟食鱼类的习性。今鸟类新属种的发现进一步表明,早白垩世这一进步鸟类类群的分化已不亚于反鸟类,湖滨环境在今鸟类的早期演化中确实扮演了重要的角色。     

ARCHAEOLEERSIA NEBRASKENSIS GEN. ET SP. NOV. (GRAMINEAE-ORYZEAE), A NEW FOSSIL GRASS FROM THE LATE TERTIARY OF NEBRASKA

Archaeoleersia nebraskensis, gen. et sp. nov. was collected from the Late Miocene Ash Hollow Formation in Garden County, Nebraska. The remains consist of anthoecia (fertile lemmas and paleas) preserved as silicifications. Examination of anthoecia by scanning electron microscopy revealed prickle hairs, simple projections, and microhairs. The fossils compare most closely with living Leersia ligularis Trin. of Central and South America. Archaeoleersia nebraskensis resembles more southern living taxa and suggests that climatic deterioration during the Late Tertiary or Quaternary resulted either in a southward migration of ancestral North American forms or in the elimination of North American populations of already widely distributed ancestral forms. Associated flora and fauna indicate a mesic, lacustrine paleoenvironment for Archaeoleersia nebraskensis.     

PYCNOCOCCUS PROVASOLII GEN. ET SP. NOV., A COCCOID PRASINOXANTHIN-CONTAINING PHYTOPLANKTER FROM THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC AND GULF OF MEXICO1

The new genus Pycnococcus Guillard is based on several clones from the western North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. The type and only described species, Pycnococcus provasolii Guillard, sp. nov., is typified by clone Ω48-23 from the North Atlantic. Cells of Pycnococcus provasolii are solitary, spherical, 1.5–4.0 μm in diameter, have a resistant cell wall lacking sporopollenin, and have the ultrastructural characteristics of green algae. With the light microscope they are scarcely distinguishable from cells of other coccoid planktonic organisms. In pigmentation P. provasolii resembles Micromonas pusilla, Mantoniella squamata, and Mamiella gilva in having chl a, much chl b, Mg 2,4-divinylphaeoporphyrin a₅ monomethyl ester (presumably), and prasinoxanthin as a major xanthophyll. The pyrenoid of P. provasolii has a cytoplasmic channel, which is unique among species closely related to it. Flagellates, occurring rarely in culture, are similar to but distinguishable from known Pedinomonas species by size and shape. Pycnococcus provasolii is referred to the new family Pycnococcaceae Guillard, in the order Mamiellales of the class Micromonadophyceae (Chlorophyta). Clones of Pycnococcus provasolii are oceanic in nutritional characteristics, require only vitamin B₁₂ in culture, and are well adapted to growth under blue or blue-violet light of low intensity.     

四川自贡大山铺蜀龙动物群——简报Ⅲ.蜥脚类

本文记述了中侏罗世蜥脚类一新属种——巴山酋龙(Datousaurus bashanensts gen. et sp. nov.)对李氏蜀龙(Shunosaurus lii)的特征进行了补充,讨论了它们在蜥脚类进化过程中的位置。     

A NEW FRESHWATER CENTRIC DIATOM MICROSIPHONA POTAMOS GEN. ET SP. NOV.1

A new centric diatom, Microsiphona potamos gen. et sp. nov. (family Coscinodiscaceae), is described from the Little Miami River, Cincinnati, Ohio, where it occurred at cell densities ranging from 29 to 20,140/ml in surface grab samples during the period May 18–December 14, 1966, contributing an average of 11% and a maximum of 35% of the centric diatoms. This species has been observed in grab samples from rivers throughout the United States. The cells are 3–4 μ in diameter, 4–8 μ long, and contain 2 to several plate-like chromatophores. They occur singly, or arc held together in short chains by the old girdle bands and by numerous apiculi that connect the opposing valves of adjacent daughter cells.     

A NEW CIRRIPEDE PARASITE–RHIZOLEPAS ANNELIDICOLA, NOV. GEN. ET SP.

Summary.— Rhizolepas annelidicola is a Cirripede parasite of the Polychaet worm Laetmonice producta obtained by dredging off the Moçambique coast. It belongs to the order Thoracica, to the suborder Lepadomorpha, and to the family Lepadidae, and is related to the genus Anelasma . It is completely parasitic. Uniramous thoracic appendages are present, but oral appendages are absent. There is neither mouth nor anus, but the parasite sucks the juices of its host by means of an extensive root-system arising from the peduncle.     

PFIESTERIA PISCICIDA GEN. ET SP. NOV. (PFIESTERIACEAE FAM. NOV.), A NEW TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE WITH A COMPLEX LIFE CYCLE AND BEHAVIOR1

The newly described toxic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida is a polymorphic and multiphasic species with flagellated, amoeboid, and cyst stages. The species is structurally a heterotroph; however, the flagellated stages can have cleptochloroplasts in large food vacuoles and can temporarily function as mixotrophs. The flagellated stage has a typical mesokaryotic nucleus, and the theca is composed of four membranes, two of which are vesicular and contain thin plates arranged in a Kofoidian series of Po, cp, X, 4′, 1a, 5″, 6c, 4s, 5″′, and 2″″. The plate tabulation is unlike that of any other armored dinoflagellate. Nodules often demark the suture lines underneath the outer membrane, but fixation protocols can influence the detection of plates. Amoeboid benthic stages can be filose to lobose, are thecate, and have a reticulate or spiculate appearance. Amoeboid stages have a eukaryotic nuclear profile and are phagocytic. Cyst stages include a small spherical stage with a honeycomb, reticulate surface and possibly another stage that is elongate and oval to spherical with chrysophyte-like scales that can have long bracts. The species is placed in a new family, Pfiesteriaceae, and the order Dinamoebales is emended.     

LEACHIELLA PACIFICA,GEN. ET SP. NOV., A NEW PARASITIC RED ALGA FROM WASHINGTON AND CALIFORNIA

Leachiella pacifica, gen. et sp. nov., a marine alloparasitic red alga is described from Washington and California. Several species of Polysiphonia and Pterosiphonia are hosts for this parasite. The thallus is a white, multiaxial, unbranched pustule with rhizoidal filaments that ramify between host cells, forming numerous secondary pit connections with host cells. All reproductive structures develop from outer cortical cells. Tetrasporocytes, situated on stalk cells, undergo simultaneous, tetrahedral cleavage to form tetraspores. Spermatia are formed continuously by oblique cleavages of the elongate spermatial generating cells. This results in spermatial clusters consisting of 4–8 spermatia in an alternate arrangement. Carposporophyte development is procarpial. The carpogonium is part of a six-celled branch including a sterile cell that is formed by the basal cell. The carpogonial branch is attached laterally to an obovate supporting cell that also forms an auxiliary cell, presumably formed prior to fertilization. After fertilization the carpogonium temporarily fuses with the auxiliary cell apparently to transfer the diploid nucleus and initiate further fusion with the subtending supporting cell to form an incipient fusion cell. The auxiliary cell portion of this fusion cell divides to form gonimoblast initials that continue to divide, forming gonimoblast filaments whose terminal cells differentiate into carpospores. The remainder of the fusion cell enlarges by continual fusion with adjacent vegetative cells. The resultant carposporophyte consists of a basal, multinucleate fusion cell supporting a hemispherical cluster of gonimoblast filaments with terminally borne carpospores. Vegetatively, Leachiella resembles several other parasitic red algae but it is clearly separated by the procarp, carposporophyte development and structure, and tetrasporocyte cleavage.     

西双版纳高峭蛛新属新种描述(蜘蛛目,蟹蛛科)

描述了采自云南西双版纳热带雨林的蟹蛛1新属高峭蛛属及1新种胶高峭蛛Acrotmarus gummosus gen.et sp.nov..新种模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所.高峭蛛属,新属Acrotmarus gen.nov.与蟹蛛科蟹蛛亚科峭腹蛛族中的其它属的主要区别在于:后侧眼眼丘大而隆起,雄蛛触肢插入器呈薄片状,基部有宽缘,其端部具1凹陷,末端呈钩状.本属近似于非洲的Pherecydes O.P.-Cambridge,1883,但有以下不同:前者仅后侧眼在隆起的眼丘上,后者的前侧眼、后侧眼均在隆起的眼丘上;前者雌蛛的后侧眼间距/头胸部宽为0.93,后者为1.29;前者雌蛛前中眼间距/前中、侧眼间距为0.97,后者为1.52.本属的生殖器官结构与Pherecydes差异明显:前者雄蛛触肢有VTA而后者缺乏,前者插入器扁平片状而后者丝状;前者外雌器有兜而后者无.词源:新属属名由于标本系从高层雨林冠层采集而来,且与峭腹蛛族的属在外形上有相似性.胶高峭蛛,新种Acrotmarus gummosus sp.nov.(图1～3,6～21)正模♂.副模:24 ♂ ♂,15♀ ♀,云南省西双版纳国家自然保护区勐仑保护区的热带雨林及橡胶林,2007年7～8月间,郑国采;1 ♂,西双版纳勐仑镇绿石林森林公园,2009年11月15日,唐果、姚志远采.词源:新种种名源自新种部分标本采于橡胶林冠层.     

安徽喜沼螨科一新属新种（蜱螨亚纲：皱喙螨总科）

记述了安徽黄山的喜沼螨科Limnocharidae, 喜沼螨亚科Limnocharinae的一新属侧喜沼螨属、一新种黄山侧喜沼螨Laterolimnochares huangshanensis gen. Nov.,sp. Nov.,该科及亚科的中国区系过去仅由Uchida于1941年简录过东北之一种。文中给出了喜沼螨亚科的属检索表;详述了新种腺毛分布体位。