油盘孢属和泽田外担菌的研究

寄生于樟、阴香和肉桂等植物上的泽田外担菌和油盘孢属真菌,几十年来分类上存在许多不同看法,或全部归泽田外担菌,或全部归油盘孢属,把此二类不同真菌混淆起来,造成名称混乱。本文通过形态学的研究,表明泽田外担菌与油盘孢属的区别是:泽田外担菌具担子层,担孢子4—8个生担子上,寄主是樟树;而油盘孢属的孢子生菌丝上,形成孢子堆,寄主是阴香和肉桂等植物。     

多年卧孔菌属五个中国新记录种

报道了多年卧孔菌属Perenniporia5个中国新记录种。非洲多年卧孔菌Perenniporia africana采自安徽省,孔口表面浅黄色至赭色,且骨架菌丝不分枝;下延多年卧孔菌P.decurrata采自云南省,担子果盖形,具较小孔口和担孢子;椭圆孢多年卧孔菌P.ellipsospora采自云南省,担子果平伏,孔口圆形至多角形,担孢子不平截;硬多年卧孔菌P.inflexibilis采自福建省,担子果盖形,孔口表面灰白至浅褐色,担孢子无色至浅黄色;黄多年卧孔菌P.xantha采自海南省,孔口较小,表面呈黄色,且在KOH试剂中呈深褐色。根据采集的标本材料提供了它们的详细描述和显微结构图。     

轴腹菌,中国假块菌的一个新记录种

报道了我国假块菌的一个新记录种——轴腹菌Hydnangium carneum Wallr.,该种为轴腹菌属Hydnangium Wallr．的模式种,其特征是担子果淡粉红色,担子具2小梗,担孢子球形、近球形,有小刺,锁状联合存在于担子果各部位菌丝横隔上。     

中国一新记录属——扇格孢属

扇格孢属 中国新记录属 Mycoenterolobium R.D.Goos Mycologia 62: 171, 1970. 模式种：宽孢扇格孢 M. platysporum R.D.Goos 宽孢扇格孢 中国新记录种 图 1 Mycoenterolobium platysporum R.D.Goos, Mycologia 62: 171, 1970. Fig. 1 菌体在自然基质上扩散型,黑色。菌丝无色至近无色,具隔膜,壁光滑,宽1.5～2.5 m。分生孢子单生,顶生或侧生,扇形、扁平状,砖格状分隔,以脐部为起点多细胞呈放射状排列,暗褐色至黑色,表面光滑60～150×55～100m,侧面观细胞作两层排列,厚20～25m。 基质及产地：榕树Ficus microcarpa …     

炭角菌属一新种

报道了采自藏东南林区的炭角菌属一新种──委陵菜生炭角菌（XylariapotentillaeA．SXusp．nov．）。该种子座直立,头部分叉或柄基分枝,地上部分高2～4．5cm,顶端可孕。子囊座柱状或圆锥状或扁平,长1～3cm,宽3～7mm,表面精糙,桑葚状,黑色5内部蜡质,中实,白色。柄柱状,直或扭转,具纵皱折,地下具延伸的假根。子囊壳卵圆形,450～500×200～300μm,孔口突出,盾状或疣状。子囊棒状,70～100×6～8μm,8孢子,顶端遇Melzer's试剂变蓝部分为长方体状,6×2．5μm。子囊孢于单行排列,梭形、不等边椭圆形至半球形,10～163×5～7．5μm,成熟后褐至黑褐色,光滑,芽缝不明显,直,稍短于孢子长度。侧丝多,细长,径15μm,无色,无隔。地下假根寄生在蕨麻委陵菜（Potentillaanserina）的活根上。模式标本保存于西藏高原生态研究所标本室（HXZE）。     

金针菇担孢子核相及遗传属性的研究

以3个不同的金针菇菌株为材料,研究了其担孢子的核相及遗传属性。荧光染色观察显示,担孢子核相以双核为主,双核孢子、单核孢子和无核孢子分别占80.2%、7.5%和12.3%。源于单孢分离物的菌丝为有隔膜、无锁状联合的多核菌丝。在交配试验中,源于不同菌株单孢分离物的菌丝原生质体的配对形成具锁状联合的菌落,而源于同一单孢分离物的菌丝原生质体的配对则形成无锁状联合的菌落,暗示担孢子中的两个核具有相同的交配型。RAPD分析显示,源于同一单孢分离物的菌丝原生质体为10个随机引物所扩增的图谱彼此完全相同,印证了担孢子中的双核是同质的。此外,观察表明,一个担子上着生有4个担孢子。因此,金针菇是一种具4个含同质双核担孢子的四极性蕈菌。     

假格孢属一中国新记录种*

鸡冠花假格孢 图1 Nimbya celosiae E.G.Simmons & Holcomb, Mycotaxon 55:144, 1995. Fig. 1 病斑扩散,圆形至椭圆形,中央灰褐色,边缘浅黄褐色;在经保湿的标本上菌丝体表生或埋生基物中;菌丝无色,纤细,具隔膜;分生孢子梗单生,短、粗大,褐色至暗褐色,30~55×4.5~5.5祄,通常具有1~2个产孢孔;产孢细胞内壁芽生孔生式产孢;分生孢子单生或2个链生,椭圆形或倒棍棒形,浅褐色,孢身由内壁形成的离壁假隔膜分成许多腔室,横（假）隔膜5~15个,偶有真隔膜,纵隔膜或斜隔膜0~4个,成熟的分生孢子孢身50~120×15~21祄,中部宽,两端渐…     

中国花耳科的五个新种

本文报道了产于中国的花耳科Dacrymycetaceae的五个新种:小胶杯菌Femsjonia minor Liu et Fan sp.nov.,中国胶杯菌F.sinensis Liu et K.Tao sp.nov.,叶状假花耳Dacryopinax foliacea Liu et Fan sp.nov.,大孢假花耳D.macrospora Lin,Fan et Y.M.Li sp.nov.,以及湖南胶角菌Calocera hunanensis Liu et K.Tao sp.nov.。小胶杯菌与该属其它种的区别在于子实体小型、孢子分隔处缢缩且常具纵隔、不孕面光滑以及皮层菌丝多分枝且顶端膨大;中国胶杯菌与该属其它种的区别在于菌丝无锁状连合;叶状假花耳及大孢假花耳与本属其它种的区别主要在于多隔的孢子(3个隔以上)。假花耳属这两个新种在宏观形态上非常相似,但大孢假花耳的孢子为35—40×10—12.5μm,具7—15隔;叶状假花耳的孢子为15—22.5×4.5—6.5μm,具3—7隔;湖南胶角菌的主要特征是担子果呈羊肚菌状,偶裂成分叶状,孢子具1薄壁的横隔。所有新种的主模式标本均保藏于山西大学真菌标本室。     

中国一新记录属-簇茁孢属

Kramasamuha Subramanian et Vittal,1973,Canad.J.Bot.51:1127-1132. 新记录属 模式种：落叶簇茁孢Kramasamuha sibika Subramanian et Vittal。 落叶簇茁孢 图1 Kramasamuha sibika Subramanian et Vittal,1973,Canad.J.Bot.51:1127-1132. 新记录种 枯叶两面形成灰绿色霉层。分生孢子梗直立,有隔膜,上部常膝屈状弯曲,稀少分枝,2~5根簇生于膨大的辐射状瓣裂的深褐色基细胞上,基细胞8~14×10~14祄, 很少单生,当顶端生成产孢细胞时分生孢子梗停止生长,有时从成簇的产孢细胞下作合轴式延伸,中下部褐色,向上色渐淡,3~6个隔膜…     

我国新分布的非褶菌目的两个种

多孔菌科的毛发菌属(Trichaptum Murr.)全世界有9种,其特征是:一年生,平伏反卷有菌盖;子实层孔状;二型至三型菌丝系统,生殖菌丝有锁状联合;具被结晶囊状体;孢子光滑,无色,非淀粉质或非类糊精质。生于针叶树或阔叶树上,引致白腐。至于珊瑚菌科的羽囊菌属(Pterulicium Corner)目前仅有1种,特征是担子果分枝,韧,基部具可育的伏革菌的垫,子实层生于分枝的两侧;囊状体缺;双型菌丝系统;孢子光滑,无色。生于植物残体上。     

西藏羽藓科植物的地理分布及区系成分的初步分析

关于西藏苔藓植物的研究,过去报道甚少,据有关资料,W.Mitten(1859)整理鉴定了T.Thomson(1847-1849)在西藏西部及其邻近地区所采标本,发表了66种藓类,其中至今仍隶属于或已调入羽藓科的植物计23种,其后尚有E.S.Salmon(1900),V.F.Brotherus(1948,1929)有过报道。     

西藏马鞍菌属小志*

藏东南林区、藏南的亚东林区和藏东的昌都林区等地的马鞍菌属16种,其中有中国新记录种3种,西藏新分布6种,研究标本均保存于西藏高原生态研究所标本室(HXZE)。     

The Floristic Characteristics and Geographical Distribution of the Rosaceae in Xizang

The Rosaceae is one of the five largest families of Xizang flora, consisting of 30 genera with 242 species, the total number of species is slightly less than those of Compositae, Graminae, Leguminosae and Ericaceae in Xizang, amounting to 62.5% of the total number of genera and 28% of the total number of species of the rosaceous flora in China. The four subfamilies of Rosaceae including primitive, intermediate and advanced groups have been found in Xizang. These groups consist of 11 types of floristic elements, i.e. 4 genera belong to cosmopolitan, 9 genera belong to North Temperate, 3, E. Asian-N. American, 3 Sino-Himalayan, 3 Sino-Japanesa, 2 Old World Temperate, 1 Temperate Asian, 2 Mediterranean-W. and O. Asian, 1 C. Asian, I Tropical Asian and 1 endemic to China. It is obvious that Rosaceae in Xizang comprises holarctic, Ancient Mediterranean and paleotropical elements, among which the temperate components are the most dominant. The characteristics of the floristic composition of Rosaceae in Xizang may be summarized as follows: (1) Xizang abounds in both genera and species of the family which are diverse in forms, including the primitive, intermediate and advanced groups, (2) The geographical elements are rather complex, mostly belonging to the temperate, among which the Sino- Himalayan components and the elements endemic to China are dominant, (3) The proportion of plants endemic to China and distributed in Xizang is much higher than those endemic to Xizang itself, but there exist newly arisen species and infraspecific forms or varieties which show that the speciation is apparently still active in Xizang. The rosaceous flora of Xizang is a combination of old and new floristic elements, based on the old floristic components, affected by the upheaval of the Himalayas, the differentiation and speciation have been taking place in the long history. The geographical distribution of Rosaceae in Xizang may be divided into 5 regions, i.e. the northeastern, southeastern, southern, northwestern and northern. The rosaceous plants are most abundant in the southeastern area, next in southern area, fewer in the northeastern and very rare in the northwestern and northern regions. The general tendency of the distribution of Rosaceae in Xizang is that the number of species gradually decreases from the southeast to the northwest and the habit gradually changes from trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants in the southeast to cushion-like scrubs and dwarf perennial herbs in the northwest. These facts clearly show that the uplift of the Himalayas has deeply affected the phytogeographical distribution of Xizang Rosaceae. The rosaceous flora of Xizang has close relationships with those of the adjoring regions, i.e. Yunnan and Sichuan. Besides, it is connected with floras of Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan nothern Buram and nothern India, but silghtly influenced by the Ancient Mediterranean flora.     

西藏蠓类名录、地理分布及区系分析(双翅目,蠓科)

根据1987年以来野外调查资料,分析了西藏已知蠓类种类、地理分布及区系特点。目前已知西藏蠓科昆虫4亚科14属31亚属151种,占我国已知蠓类(约1100种)的13.73%。其中,仅在西藏有分布并以西藏为模式产地的特有种为99种,占西藏已知蠓种的65.56%。区系分析表明,在所报道的西藏蠓科151种中,古北界15种,占西藏蠓种总数的9.93%,均分布于青藏区青海藏南亚区;东洋界131种,占西藏蠓种总数的86.75%,有105种分布于西南区喜马拉雅亚区,有18种分布于西南区西南山地亚区,有8种分布于喜马拉雅亚区和西南山地亚区;两界均有分布的有5种,占西藏蠓种总数的3.31%。     

辐片包属一新种*

描述了产自中国藏东南林区、生于高山栎林落叶层下的辐片包属的一个新种——宽肢辐片包Hysterangium1atiappendiculatumsp.nov.。新种以较宽的担孢子及其基部具宽的附肢等特征区别于属内的其它种。模式标本保存于西藏高原生态研究所标本室(HXZE)。     

PANORPIDAE (MECOPTERA) IN XIZANG, CHINA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS NEOPANORPA

Abstract  Three new species of the genus Neopanorpa Weele are described and illustrated from Xizang in China. The previously reported three species from Xizang, Panorpa guttata Navas, P. davidi Navas, and P. stigmalis Navas, are verified to distribute in Sichuan Province, instead of in Xizang. The type specimens are deposited in Northwest Agricultural University and China Agricultural University separately. A key to the Tibetan species of Neopanorpa is provided.     

西藏新蝎蛉属昆虫三新种记述(长翅目:蝎岭科)(英文)

本文记述中国西藏自治区的新蝎蛉属 Ｎｅｏｐａｎｏｒｐａ Ｗｅｅｌｅ昆虫３新种：西藏新蝎岭 Ｎｅｏｐａｎｏｒｐａｔｉｂｅｔｅｎｓｉｓ Ｈｕａ ｅｔ Ｃｈｏｕ, ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．（正模,西藏通麦, ２０５０ ｍ）,胡氏新蝎蛉 Ｎｅｏｐａｎｏｒｐａ ｈｕｓｈｅｎｇｃｈａｎｇｉＨｕａ ｅｔ Ｃｈｏｕ, ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．（正模,西藏樟木口岸）,以及李氏新蝎蛉 Ｎｅｏｐａｎｏｒｐａ ｌｉｆａｓｈｅｎｇｉ　ｈｕａ　ｅｔ　Ｃｈｏｕ,ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．（正模：,西藏易贡, ２３００ ｍ）。简述了西藏长翅目的分类历史和现状,证实过去记载所谓的三种西藏蝎蛉（模式产地均为马边）,即Ｐａｎｏｒｐａ　ｇｕｔｔａｔａ　Ｎａｖａｓ,Ｐ．ｄａｖｉｄｉ　Ｎａｖａｓ,和Ｐ．ｓｔｉｇｍａｌｉｓ　Ｎａｖａｓ,实际上均为四川省种类。新种模式标本分别保存在西北农业大学昆虫博物馆和中国农业大学昆虫标本室。     

On the origin and evolution of the genus Pedicularis L. in Xizang

The present paper is a preliminary research of the taxonomy, evolution, geographical distribution and origin of the species of the Genus Pedicularis L. in Xizang plateau. It may be summed up as follows: 1. There are 108 species of Pedicularis in Xizang, representing about 33% of the total species of the genus known in China. Among these species, there are 35 endemics, about 35.9% of the total species of the genus, this is especially true in Southeastern Xizang. Where there are 82.7% of total species of Xizang and 88% of endemics reported. 2. According to the relationships of the morphology of flower, leaf and evolution, the genus Pedicularis in Southeastern Xizang seems very active in evolution, because there is a wide range of flower types varying from the primitive alternate-toothless and opposite-toothed to the advanced beaked and long-tubed corolla-types. 3. There are almost all morphological types of the pollen, especially, the primitive particular tricolpate type is decidedly dominant, and the species with derived type of bicolpate pollen almost all belong to the beeked, long-tubed type of flowers; therefore, the evolutionary tendency and correlation between two types is very clear. According to above conditions, it may be considered that Southeastern Xizang is the evolutionary centre of the Genus Pedicularis L. 4. Basing upon the floristic-geographical analysis of neighbouring regions, we may consider that the members of genus Pedicularis in Xizang mainly come from the East, i.e. the mountains of the plateau frontier in Western Sichuan and Northwestern Yunnan. Finally, the floral relationships with other regions such as Buthan, Nepal, Xinjiang and Qinghai, Gansu, etc. are not so close, because the species in common are not verymany and usually widely distributed species.     

藏猪种质资源细胞遗传学研究

藏猪是我国宝贵的地方品种资源,也是我国国家级重点保护品种中唯一的高原性猪种.通过细胞遗传学方法,对藏猪以及长白猪的普通核型、G-带染色体以及C-带染色体进行对比研究,发现藏猪特有的染色体带型.这为分析鉴别藏猪种质资源提供了细胞遗传学证据.