The variability in total and extractable soil phosphorus under a grazed pasture

A comparison of the total soil phosphorus (P) and extractable soil P between 224 samples of topsoil from an area of ~27 m² within a grazed, established grass/clover sward has been made. The values of total soil P displayed an approximately normal distribution around a mean concentration of 1264 mg P kg-1 and were positively correlated to acetic-acid-extractable P which accounted for <2% of the total soil P. The amount of total water-extractable P was much smaller (~0.4% of total soil P) and was not significantly correlated with either the concentration of total soil P or acetic-acid-extractable P. A variable proportion (from less than 5 to 60%) of the total water-extractable P was present in a non-molybdate-reactive form, and there was no apparent relationship between these molybdate-reactive and molybdate-unreactive forms. All variograms showed a positive intercept on the ordinate. For acetic-acid-extractable P, the greatest proportion of variance was attributable to the molybdate-reactive P fraction, while it was equally proportioned between molybdate-reactive and -unreactive P forms in water extracts. The greatest variance usually occurred at the maximum sampling distance (18 m). However, even at the smallest distance (11 cm) the variability in total acetic-extractable P was 2.35 mg P kg-1 and water-extractable P was 0.45 mg P kg-1. Therefore the roots of individual plants within the studied pasture may encounter considerable variability in the concentration of available phosphorus. The potential variability of phosphorus found between rooting zones of different individual plants was greater than that likely to be encountered within the area exploited by any one individual root system.     

Spatial distribution of extractable organohalogens in northern pink shrimp in the North Atlantic

Extractable organohalogens (EOX) are organic compounds that contain chlorine, bromine and/or iodine, which can be separated from the matrix by liquid/liquid or liquid/solid extraction. A combination of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and solvent extraction methods has been developed for the determination of EOX from the shrimpPandalus borealis. Levels of EOX were evaluated for spatial trends for shrimp caught in several areas off the Labrador coast, off the coast of Nova Scotia, and off the coast of Maine. Muscle contained 1.09–6.05 Μg EOCl/g tissue and 105–498 Μg extractable organochlorine (EOCl)/g lipid; 0.0607–0.288 Μg extractable organobromine (EOB)r/g tissue and 4.74-10.5 Μg EOBr/g lipid; and 0.014–0.048 Μg extractable organoiodine (EOI)/g tissue and 1.03–1.76 Μg EOI/g lipid, respectively. The levels of EOC1 in roe were 1.60–12.34 Μg/g tissue and 39.0-146 Μg/g lipid. In roe, the EOBr levels were 0.707–1.03 Μg/g tissue and 6.96–13.5 Μg/g lipid; and EOI levels were 0.123–0.349 Μg/g tissue and 1.42–4.11 Μg/g lipid. The EOCl, EOBr, and EOI levels in roe increased noticeably from north to south along the coast of Labrador. Samples taken from the coast of Maine and from Canso Hole were typically higher in EOCl levels than those taken from Labrador. The results for EOBr and EOI were in the same range as those from Labrador.     

Plant uptake of sulphur as related to changes in the HI-reducible and total sulphur fractions in soil

Although considerable progress has been made in relating extractable soil S to plant S availability, most of these studies determined the extractable soil S at the beginning of the experiment to use as an index of soil S status. This bears little or no relationship to the S taken up by plants during the entire growing season. The present study investigates the changes in extractable soil S with time and relates these to changes in plant S uptake. Six soils with different long-term fertiliser histories (0, 21, 42 kg of S as superphosphate ha^–1 applied since 1952) and animal camping treatments (camp and non-camp) were used in two pot systems (with and without plants). Carrier-free ³⁵SO₄–S was added to the soils, to provide the information on the transformations of recently added S between the different extractable S forms in soils and whether these transformations could predict plant-available S. The soils were pre-conditioned and then transferred to the glasshouse, where one set of pots were planted with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) while the other set was left uncropped. Periodic plant harvests and soil samplings at four weekly intervals were conducted over a period of 20 weeks to determine plant S uptake and amounts of extractable soil S and ³⁵S forms using five extractants. Same extractions of soil S and ³⁵S were conducted for the initial soils. Results showed that HI-reducible and total soil S extracted by CaCl₂, KH₂PO₄ and by KCl at 40°C were utilised significantly by plants but not those extracted by NaHCO₃ and NaOH extractants. However, after the 8th week, plants continued to take up S even though levels of S extracted from the soil by CaCl₂, KH₂PO₄ and by KCl at 40°C remained low and unchanged. These results suggest that soil S taken up by plants after the 8th week period originated directly from the mineralisation of soil organic S from S pools other than those present in the extractable soil S forms. Similar results were shown by ³⁵S data, thereby confirming the complexity of determining plant S availability based on soil S extraction methods.     

Speciation and dynamics of phosphorus in some organically amended soils of southwestern Nigeria

Availability of soil phosphorus (P) is a function of its dynamics and can be improved by using organic amendments. Experiments were carried out to determine the effect of poultry manure (PM) on soil P fractions and bioavailability to soybean (Glycine max). Soils from ten farmers’ fields in Southwest Nigeria, were used for incubation and pot experiments. Treatments were five rates of PM (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 t ha^?1). Triplicate units in incubation and pot experiments were arranged in Completely Randomised Design. Soybean was grown for three consecutive growth cycles of seven weeks each and soil samples were analysed for Saloid P, Al-P, Fe-P, Ca-P, occluded P, reductant soluble P, and residual P. Results indicated that Fe-P was the dominant active inorganic P in the soils while residual P was the dominant inactive inorganic-P in most of the soils. In the pot experiment, application of poultry manure significantly increased organic P in the soils in the first growth cycle, but decreased slightly in second growth cycle. Highest and lowest (P ≤ 0.05) organic P values were observed in soil samples from Ayetoro and Odeda, respectively. In the pot experiment, application of PM reduced P fixation and occluded P fraction in the soils. There was general increase in available P in most of the soils considered despite increase or decrease in other forms of P. Poultry manure reduced the fixation of P and release of occluded phosphorus. Generally, Poultry manure significantly improved soil P fractions and plant P tissue concentrations.     

Spatial distributions and dose assessment of natural radionuclides in rocks and soils of some selected sites in southwestern Nigeria

The activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K in rock and soil samples collected from Ondo and Ekiti States in southwestern Nigeria were measured by using gamma-ray spectrometer with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The mean activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K in the rock were 25.53, 61.12, and 554.20 Bq kg^?1 respectively, while that of the soil were 8.27, 17.37, and 151.72 Bq kg^?1 respectively. Results showed that the activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K were higher in the rocks than the soils of the areas studied. To assess the radiological impact of some radionuclides on the population in the region, the annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), annual gonadal equivalent dose (AGED), and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) were calculated. The mean values of the indoor and outdoor AEDE, and AGED were 88.08 µSv y^?1, 352.34 µSv y^?1, and 508.40 mSv y^?1, respectively for the rock samples, and 25.31 µSv y^?1, 101.25 µSv y^?1, and 145.80 mSv y^?1 respectively for the soil samples. The mean values obtained for AEDE and AGED for the soil were below ICRP recommended limits of 1 and 300 mSv y^?1, respectively. AGED for the rocks was higher than the maximum permissible limit.     

The distribution ofFusarium species in soils planted to millet and sorghum in Lesotho,Nigeria and Zimbabwe

Samples from soils planted to millet and sorghum from Lesotho, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe were processed and a total of 3,291Fusarium cultures were recovered. Of these 1,296 cultures were isolated from plant debris and 1,995 cultures were recovered from soil dilutions. The most prevalent species recovered wereF. oxysporum (37%),F. equiset (30%),F. solani (14%),F. moniliforme (6%),F. compactum (5%),F. nygamai (4%), andF. chlamydosporum (2%). OtherFusarium species isolated wereF. merismoides, F. polyphialidicum, F. graminearum, F. subglutinans, F. sambucinum, F. longipes, F. semitectum, F. dimerum, F. lateritium, and a group of cultures designated as population A which resembleF. camptoceras. Fusarium equiseti was the predominant species in soil samples from Nigeria and Zimbabwe, whileF. oxysporum was the predominant species recovered from soil from Lesotho.Contribution No. 1881, Fusarium Research Center, Department of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University.     

1940—2002年长江中下游平原乡村景观区域中耕地类型及其土壤氮磷储量的变化

过去60a间,长江中下游平原乡村景观区域中土地利用覆被类型,特别是耕地类型发生了显著地转变,并对其土壤全氮和全磷产生了明显地影响。通过选取区域代表性样方、研究耕地类型的小尺度转化、土壤取样和收集1965年前土壤全氮、全磷历史数据,采用尺度推绎和蒙特卡洛不确定性分析方法,评价了1940-2002年长江中下游平原人口密集的乡村景观区域中耕地类型及其土壤全氮、全磷储量的变化。结果表明:近60a来,在86×103km2的区域中有47%的面积发生了变化,其中33%的面积是耕地类型转化。耕地面积减少18.6%(-16.0×103km2),其中稻田面积减少21.5%(-18.5×103km2),种植木本作物的旱地面积减少1.7%(-1.5×103km2);而种植木本作物和种植1年生作物的水浇地的面积分别增加了3.5%(3.0×103km2)和2.0%(1.7×103km2)。尽管稻田面积大幅减少,但其仍是区域中面积最大的土地利用覆被类型。1940-2002年,有98%的可能性区域耕地0-30cm土壤全氮储量净减少,而其0-30cm土壤全磷储量则无明显变化。区域耕地土壤全氮储量明显减少(-7.2Tg N),主要受稻田土壤全氮储量显著减少(-8.0Tg N)的影响,而稻田面积大幅减少是导致稻田土壤全氮储量减少的主要原因。与此同时,种植木本作物的旱地的土壤全氮储量减少了0.7Tg N;而种植木本作物和种植1年生作物的水浇地分别增加1.3和0.7Tg N。区域耕地土壤全磷储量变化不明显,主要受稻田土壤全磷储量无明显变化的影响。尽管稻田面积大幅减少,但由于稻田土壤全磷密度增加了29%(其净增加的可能性为76%);加之稻田土壤全磷密度变异较大,所以稻田土壤全磷储量并没有明显减少,其净减少的可能性仅为64%。与此同时,有75%的可能性种植木本作物的旱地的土壤全磷储量净减少,但仅减少了0.3Tg P;而种植木本作物的水浇地和种植1年生作物的水浇地土壤全磷都有少量增加,分别为0.7和0.4Tg P。通过选取区域代表性样方、研究耕地类型的小尺度转化、土壤取样和收集土壤历史数据、结合尺度推绎和蒙特卡洛不确定性分析方法,能够揭示1940-2002年长江中下游平原人口密集的乡村景观区域中耕地类型及其土壤全氮和全磷储量的变化。     

The bushmeat trade in southwestern Nigeria: A case study

Hunters and bushmeat retailers in Bendel State, Nigeria were interviewed from May through August 1982. Hunting was found to take place in all months of the year, but became more intense during the dry season. Twentyseven species of mammal were reported to be hunted, while 22 species of mammal and five species of reptile were found on sale. Retailers reported that the grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianuswas the most popular species among their customers, followed by Maxwell's duiker, the brushtailed porcupine, and the bushpig. The grasscutter was also the most widely sold species, followed by the giant rat, monkeys, and Maxwell's duiker. Game animals were found to be shot and sold with little regard to existing laws, with the result that the larger mammals have become rare in Bendel and populations of the smaller ones have come under severe pressure. The bushmeat trade is highly commercialized, and substantial profits accrue to middlemen. Recommendations are made for the conservation of a natural resource, wildlife, that not only provides a significant amount of animal protein but also supports a large rural economy.     

Effects of litter incorporation and nitrogen fertilization on the contents of extractable aluminium in the rhizosphere soil of tea plant (Camallia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)

The effects of litter incorporation and nitrogen application on the properties of rhizosphere and bulk soils of tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) were examined in a pot experiment. Total of 8 treatments included four levels of tea litter additions at 0, 4.9, 9.8, and 24.5 g kg^–1 in combination with two N levels (154.6 mg kg^–1 and without). After 18 months of growth the rhizosphere soil was collected by removing the soil adhering to plant roots and other soil was referred to as bulk soil. The dry matter productions of tea plants were significantly increased by N fertilization and litter incorporation. The effect of litter was time-depending and significantly decreased the content of exchangeable Al (Al_ex, by 1 mol L^–1 KCl) and Al saturation at 9 months after litter incorporation whereas soil pH was not affected, although the litter contained high Al content. After 18 months, the contents of extractable Al by dilute CaCl₂, CuCl₂ + KCl, NH₄OAC, ammonium oxalate and sodium citrate (Al_CaCl2, Al_Cu/KCl, Al_NH4OAC, Al_Oxal, and Al_Cit respectively) and Al_ex, were not affected by litter application, except that of Al_CaCl2 in the rhizosphere soil which was decreased following litter additions. Nitrogen fertilization with NH₄ ⁺ (urea and (NH₄)₂SO₄) significantly reduced soil pH, the contents of exchangeable Ca, K, Mg and base saturation while raised extractable Al levels (Al_CaCl2, Al_Cu/KCl, Al_NH4OAC, and Al_ex). In the rhizosphere soils exchangeable K accumulated in all treatments while exchangeable Ca and Mg depleted in treatments without litter application. The depletions of Ca and Mg were no longer observed following litter incorporation. This change of distribution gradients in rhizosphere was possibly due to the increase of nutrient supplies from litter decomposition and/or preferable root growth in soil microsites rich in organic matter. Lower pH and higher extractable Al (Al_CaCl2, Al_ex, and Al_NH4OAC) in the rhizosphere soils, regardless of N and litter treatments, were distinct and consistent in all treatments. Such enrichments of extractable Al in the rhizosphere soil might be of importance for tea plants capable of taking up large amounts of Al.     

The influence of rhizosphere in rice crop on resin-extractable phosphate in flooded soils at various levels of phosphate applications

Summary Poor or lack of response of lowland rice to P fertilization is a well-known fact. Several studies were conducted in this direction however, our understanding regarding the underlying mechanism has been far from clear. A remarkable influence of rice plants on P transformation in submerged soil is identified in this experiment which may shed light on this problem. Accordingly, in presence of rice plants P was mobilized during the initial growing period followed by immobilization. The increased microbial activity in presence of physiologically active roots was responsible for P mobilization, while capacity of rice plants to reoxidize the rhizosphere, by secretion of oxygen from roots, during later growing period was responsible for P immobilization.The extent of P mobilization decreased while that of immobilization increased with increasing P levels in different soils. At a given P level the ratio of P mobilization to immobilization was higher in a soil where crop growth was better and P uptake was higher as compared to another soil where crop growth was poor with lower P uptake.Thus, lowland rice plants appear to possess an unique physiological mechanism, to regulate the contrasting changes in P availability in the rhizosphere depending on P requirement by the plants or P availability in soil, which in turn is responsible for the poor or lack of response to P fertilization.The experiment was conducted in a growth chamber. Two soils with widely varying properties were used.     

The roles of abscisic acid and ethylene in the abscission and senescence of cocoa flowers

Cocoa flowers have a limited period of longevity; more than 90% of unpollinated flowers abscised within 32 h after anthesis. Abscisic acid (ABA) levels increased significantly prior to abscission. By 21 h after anthesis, ABA levels had increased almost 10-fold, and by 32 h flowers had 20-fold higher levels of ABA than at anthesis. Fluridone completely inhibited both the increase in ABA, the formation of an abscission zone, and the abscission and senescence of flowers. In contrast, ethylene production increased only slightly 21 h after anthesis and was only 2-fold higher after 32 h. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) delayed but did not prevent abscission. In cocoa flowers, ABA is the primary regulator of abscission; ethylene accelerates abscission but only in the presence of ABA. Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) treatment of flowers at anthesis prevented abscission zone formation and flower abscission, but did not induce fruit set. All parts of the NAA-treated flower except the pedicel senesced after 6 days. NAA+AVG treatment only delayed, whereas fluridone treatment completely prevented flower senescence.     

Post-impact assessment of oil pollution in Agbada west plain of Niger Delta, Nigeria: field reconnaissance and total extractable hydrocarbon content

Typical post-impact assessment of an oil-spill-impacted site in Agbada west plain of the Niger Delta basin of Nigeria was carried out 13 months after recorded incidence of spillage, using empirical indices of reconnaissance and extractable hydrocarbon content. Field-reconnaissance surveys revealed lower species' numbers and diversity of surface and subterranean flora and fauna. The presence and absence of such plant species as Elaeis guineensis, Musanga cecropiodes, and Andropogon gayanus, as well as animal species like earthworms and nematodes in sampled plots, corroborated the evidence provided by the total extractable hydrocarbon content (of (2.53+/-0.43)x10(2) mg/kg and (2.00+/-0.76)x10(2) mg/kg at surface and subsurface depths, resp.) on the level of degradation and/or regeneration at the polluted site. The most important evidence that oiling must have been responsible, at least in part, for the reduction in species' number and diversity was provided by the plant cover, Andropogan gayanus, which occurred at a lower density of 0.9 plants/m2 in the oil-impacted plots and 14.00 plants/m2 in the unimpacted reference plots of an adjacent, geographically similar area. The presence of this species on site thus presented a significant difference (P<0.05) of over 85%, and indicated exhaustion or impoverishment of impacted soils. Elaeis guineensis, with a population density of 0.1 stands/m2, provided evidence of past cultivation on site, while species like Musanga cecropioides, with a density of 0.5 stands/m2, at the unimpacted site, confirmed the abandonment of the farmstead over a long period of time. For the fauna, the most sensitive indicator of hydrocarbon toxicity was provided by nematode Xiphinema sp. that were completely absent in the oil-impacted site.     

Soil and total ecosystem respiration in agricultural fields: effect of soil and crop type

A study was made of the effect of soil and crop type on the soil and total ecosystem respiration rates in agricultural soils in southern Finland. The main interest was to compare the soil respiration rates in peat and two different mineral soils growing barley, grass and potato. Respiration measurements were conducted during the growing season with (1) a closed-dynamic ecosystem respiration chamber, in which combined plant and soil respiration was measured and (2) a closed-dynamic soil respiration chamber which measured only the soil and root-derived respiration. A semi-empirical model including separate functions for the soil and plant respiration components was used for the total ecosystem respiration (TER), and the resulting soil respiration parameters for different soil and crop types were compared. Both methods showed that the soil respiration in the peat soil was 2–3 times as high as that in the mineral soils, varying from 0.11 to 0.36 mg (CO₂) m^–2 s^–1 in the peat soil and from 0.02 to 0.17 mg (CO₂) m^–2 s^–1 in the mineral soils. The difference between the soil types was mainly attributed to the soil organic C content, which in the uppermost 20 cm of the peat soil was 24 kg m^–2, being about 4 times as high as that in the mineral soils. Depending on the measurement method, the soil respiration in the sandy soil was slightly higher than or similar to that in the clay soil. In each soil type, the soil respiration was highest on the grass plots. Higher soil respiration parameter values (R_s0, describing the soil respiration at a soil temperature of 10°C, and obtained by modelling) were found on the barley than on the potato plots. The difference was explained by the different cultivation history of the plots, as the potato plots had lain fallow during the preceding summer. The total ecosystem respiration followed the seasonal evolution in the leaf area and measured photosynthetic flux rates. The 2–3-fold peat soil respiration term as compared to mineral soil indicates that the cultivated peat soil ecosystem is a strong net CO₂ source.     

The effects of Woylie (Bettongia penicillata) foraging on soil water repellency and water infiltration in heavy textured soils in southwestern Australia

Abstract In the wheatbelt region of Western Australia, brush-tailed bettongs or woylies, Bettongia penicillata, occur in remnant woodlands that have highly water repellent soils. As these marsupials dig for the fruiting bodies of hypogeous fungi they disturb the soil surface. The effect of these diggings was evaluated by laboratory and in situ assessments of soil water repellency. The undisturbed woodland soil surface showed severe water repellence whereas diggings had low water repellence, and appear to act as preferential water infiltration paths after autumn rainfall events. This indicates that Bettongia penicillata has an impact on the non-wetting property of soils in this region.     

Spatial distribution and risk assessment of copper in agricultural soils,China

High Cu contamination in agricultural soil can cause toxicity, leading to ecological damages. Thus, we need to understand the concentration level, contaminated area, and spatial distribution of Cu in agricultural soils on a regional or national scale. This paper reviewed the studies on Cu concentrations throughout Chinese agricultural soils, based on relevant 482 published papers from 2004 to 2017. The results showed that the average Cu concentration was 29.85 mg/kg, higher than its background of 22.60 mg/kg, indicating that Cu has been introduced into soil from exterior sources. A large high spatial cluster was observed in southern China, including Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, and Guangxi provinces, while low spatial clusters were mainly found in Chongqing and Shandong provinces. About 3.08% of the agricultural areas faced a high Cu risk, higher than the pollution rates of the whole land uses, based on the spatial distribution of Cu concentrations throughout China. The remaining areas were within the ranges of moderate and low Cu risks.     

亚热带不同稻田土壤溶解性有机碳的剖面分布特征

通过选取亚热带5种不同母质发育的稻田土壤(黄泥田Ⅰ、黄泥田Ⅱ、麻砂泥、红黄泥、河沙泥),按土壤发生层次采集剖面样品,研究土壤溶解性有机碳(DOC)的剖面分布特征及其与土壤有机碳(SOC)的关系,并探讨DOC的剖面迁移规律及影响因素.结果表明:稻田土壤剖面DOC含量介于13.61 ～90.34 mg · kg-1,以耕作层(A/Aa和Ap)最高,平均达到69.40 mg·kg-1,耕作层以下相对较低.除河沙泥外,其余4种稻田土壤剖面DOC含量并未随土层深度的增加而逐渐降低,而是在渗育层(P)及以下的某些土层(如We/W2层、C层)出现DOC含量较上一层次升高的现象.这可能与稻田土壤剖面特殊的DOC淋溶和淀积、生物降解、矿物相吸附和氧化还原状况有关.DOC/SOC的比例介于0.21％～1.31％,以耕作层土壤最低,表下层土壤相对较高,反映稻田表下层土壤SOC的活性较耕作层明显增强,在人为干扰(如翻耕)下,表下层土壤SOC可能更容易损失.相关分析表明,DOC与SOC呈显著正相关,剖面SOC含量对DOC的剖面分布具有决定作用.从维持土壤质量和固碳减排的角度看,应针对不同类型稻田土壤采取不同的耕作和管理措施.     

Chemical partitioning of iron,cadmium, nickel and chromium in contaminated soils of south-eastern Nigeria

Abstract

Selected heavy metals Fe, Cd, Ni and Cr were studied in contaminated soil samples collected from south-eastern Nigeria. Geochemical differentiation into different chemical fractions, using Ma and Rao six-step sequential chemical extraction procedure, was carried out to assess the potential mobility and bioavailability of the heavy metals in the soil profiles. The residual fraction was the most important phase for the four heavy metals with the following average percentage values 74.43 for Fe, 37.69 for Cd, 70.11 for Ni and 62.47 for Cr. The carbonate fraction contained an appreciable proportion of Fe, Cd and Ni with the average percentage values of 16.29, 14.86 and 10.47 respectively, while organic fraction was of next importance for Cr with an average percentage value of 27.14. The Fe-Mn oxide fraction also contained 15.86% of Cd. Relatively low amounts of the metals were associated with water soluble and exchangeable fractions. The mobility factors for the metals in all the sites ranged from 8.55 to 40.04 for Fe, 8.66 to 56.58 for Cd, 12.74 to 30.19 for Ni and 0.82 to 7.22 for Cr. The generally low values of mobility factors coupled with significantly high levels of association of the metals with the residual fraction, indicate that the metals do not pose any environmental risk nor hazard.     

Radiological toxicity of some fish and meat tissues consumed in southwestern Nigeria

The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in 30 fish tissues and 30 meat organs have been determined using high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. For the fish tissues, the mean activity concentrations of ²³⁸U and ²³²Th were highest in Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) with values of 5.31 ± 1.30 and 6.09 ± 0.91 Bq/kg, respectively. The lowest mean activity concentrations of ²³⁸U and ²³²Th were seen in Titus (Scomberomorus tritor) and Croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), Croaker with values of 1.51 ± 2.08 and 64.42 ± 6.33 Bq/kg, respectively. The mean activity concentration of ⁴⁰K was highest in Micropogonias undulatus and lowest in Tilapia (Oreohronis niloticus) with values of 64.42 ± 6.33 and 6.53 ± 0.98 Bq/kg. For the meat organs, the highest mean activity concentration of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K was highest in kidney, liver, and heart, respectively with values of 2.82 ± 0.47, 4.57 ± 0.69, and 52.07 ± 7.81 Bq/kg. Small intestine had the lowest mean activity concentrations of ²³⁸U and ²³²Th with values of 1.14 ± 0.16 and 0.89 ± 0.08 Bq/kg, respectively. Beef had the lowest mean activity concentration of ⁴⁰K with a value of 17.61 ± 2.14 Bq/kg.