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1.
Podoliak AG Zhdanovich VP 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2007,47(5):625-636
The decision of protein problem on contaminated by radionuclides territories as a result of the accident on Chernobyl NPP is not possible without increase of the sowing areas legumes crops (peas, lupine, soybean). Introduction in agricultural manufacture of grades with a low level of accumulation radionuclides (peas--Aist, Polesskay, Gomelskay Agat; soybean--Severnaya zvezda, Mageva) will allow to receive agricultural production adequate "Republican allowable levels of the contents of 137Cs and 90Sr in agricultural raw material and forages" on arable lands at their higher density of radioactive contamination: 137Cs--1300-1480 kBq/m2 (35.0-40.0 Ci/km2): 90Sr--18.5-37.0 kBq/m2 (0.50-1.00 Ci/km2). 相似文献
2.
Putyatin YV Seraya TM Petrykevich OM Howard BJ 《Radiation and environmental biophysics》2006,44(4):289-298
The uptake of 137Cs and 90Sr by six varieties of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) was compared in field trials on land contaminated by the Chernobyl accident. All the experimental varieties are officially adopted for agricultural use in Belarus and are used in large-scale production. Under identical conditions of nutrition, the productivity of the varieties varied significantly by a factor of 1.3. The extent of 137Cs and 90Sr accumulation by wheat grain, quantified as the concentration ratio, differed between the varieties by as much as a factor of 1.6, for both radionuclides. There was a significant linear positive correlation between the 90Sr activity concentration in grain and straw, and the calcium concentration. The correlation between 137Cs and potassium was not significant. The results suggest that certain varieties of spring wheat used in normal agricultural practice accumulate less 137Cs and 90Sr into grain than others. Some spring wheat varieties accumulated relatively less 137Cs, but did not accumulate less 90Sr. One variety, Quattro, had a significantly lower uptake of both 90Sr (for grain) and 137Cs (for both grain and straw) than that of the other varieties tested. The reduction efficiency achieved by the use of these varieties, however, is not as high as that achieved by soil amelioration techniques in the past. Nevertheless, since there are no additional costs or production losses associated with these varieties, their use in the contaminated areas is worth considering as a simple, practical, and effective contribution to reducing the uptake of both 90Sr and 137Cs and allowing farmers to produce food-grade grain. 相似文献
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Perevolotskoĭ AN Bulavik IM Perevolotskaia TV Paskrobko LA Andrush SN 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2007,47(4):463-470
The range of researches was made on 137Cs and 90Sr distribution regularities in pine tree plantations depending on different edaphic conditions. It is shown that total radionuclide amount in the forest litter depends on its thickness and is thought to be 10 to 70% for 137Cs and 20 to 60% for 90Sr. When soil fertility come increases from trophotop "A" to "C", 137Cs and 90Sr transfer factors for wood reduce. Soil humidity increase for each grade of trophic net results in increase of 137Cs transfer factors to wood and decrease for 90Sr. Total activity of 37Cs and 90Sr in pine wood plantation depends on plantation productivity and radionuclide transfer factors depending on different plantation conditions. In the most prevailing edaphotops pine wood accumulates 1-3% of 137Cs and 6-11% of 90Sr from total activity of radionuclides in biogeocenosis. 相似文献
6.
Spirin EV Aleksakhin RM Kalmykov MV Ageets VIu Averin VS Lazarev NM Cavellin GD Biesold H 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2006,46(1):77-81
The database on 137Cs and or 90Sr transfer factors in the soil-fodder-animal products chain compiled in the framework of the project "Radioecological Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident" under the French-German Initiative was analyzed. The 137Cs transfer factors were determined into 10 fodder types for farm animals. The 137Cs and 90Sr transfer from daily diet to milk is practically independent from milk yield and season and is about 0.83% and 0.16%. 137Cs transfer factor into beef (adult animals) is about to 2.4% from the daily uptake with fodder per 1 kg meat. 相似文献
7.
Putiatin IuV Seraia TM 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2005,45(3):358-364
During the field researches were determined the differences between agrochemical optimum of the acidity of the Sod-podzol loamy sand soil, which provides high productivity of the crops and the pH-value, which provides the minimal accumulation of 137Cs and of 90Sr by the biomass (the ecological optimum). On the average for the majority of the agricultural plants the minimal accumulations of 137Cs and of 90Sr are noticed under pHKCl 6.7, which is higher than agrochemical optimum on 0.7. The efficiency of liming under the discrimination of 137Cs and of 90Sr is much higher in soils with low values of pH. On the average, in crop rotation due to decreasing of the acidity in the soil from 4.9 to 5.9 pHKCl, the crop yield has grown on 9%, 137Cs contents has decreased on 16.7%, 90Sr--on 23.7%. The further decreasing of the soil acidity (from 5.9 to 6.8 pHKCl) was poorly effective: the productivity didn't change essentially. The transfer of 137Cs decreased on 8.9% and of 90Sr on 8.4%. 相似文献
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Perevolotskiĭ AN Bulavik IM Perevolotskaia TV Paskrobko LA Andrush SN 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2005,45(4):498-505
The studies of 137Cs and 90Sr accumulation characteristics by birch wood (Betula pendula Roth.) growing in different edaphic conditions. Were conducted was stated that the increase in soil fertility from trophotops A to D results in 5-fold 137Cs transfer factor decrease and 2-fold decrease of 90Sr. Soil humidity increase for each grade of trophic net results happens the increase of 137Cs transfer factors to wood and decrease for 90Sr. Total activity of 37Cs and 90Sr in birch wood plantation depends on plantation productivity and on radionuclide transfer factors depending on different plantation conditions. In the most prevailing edaphotops (B2, B3, C2 and C3) birch wood accumulates 0.6-1.2% of 137Cs and 13-19% of 90Sr from total activity of radionuclides in biogeocenosis. 相似文献
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Soil-to-plant transfer factors (TF) of 137Cs and 90Sr have been determined for different plants/crops, such as rice, beans, peanuts, pineapple, cabbage, tomato, spinach and
grass. They were obtained from radioisotope experiments on plants grown in pots under outdoor ambient tropical conditions
for three growing seasons (1994–1996). In the case of 137Cs and concerning the above mentioned plants/crops, the average TFs were found to be 0.28, 0.25, 0.77, 0.19, 0.23, 0.28, 0.59
and 0.18, respectively. In the case of 90Sr, the average TFs were found to be 0.82, 0.51, 0.20, 0.82, 0.69, 0.59, 0.91 and 0.84, respectively. A minor seasonal variation
was observed. This study provides a database of TFs for tropical environments to be used, e.g., for radiological safety assessment
models.
Received: 14 October 1997 / Accepted in revised form: 9 February 1998 相似文献
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Gudkov DI Derevets VV Kuz'menko MI Nazarov AB 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2001,41(2):232-238
The content of radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs in higher aquatic plants of water objects within Chernobyl NPP exclusion zone has been analysed. Biodiversity of phytocenose was studied and species-indicators of radioactive contamination were revealed. The seasonal dynamics of radionuclide content in macrophytes was studied and the role of main aquatic plant clumps in processes of 137Cs and 90Sr distribution in abiotic component of biohydrocenose was demonstrated. 相似文献
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Podoliak AG Timofeev SF Grebenshchikova NV Arastovich TV Zhdanovich VP 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2005,45(1):100-111
On the basis of long-term stationary experience it was established that the minimum accumulation quantities for 137Cs and 90Sr in the herbage of the dry, lowland and flood-plain types of the Belarus Polessje meadows contaminated with Chemobyl radionuclides are determined when the optimum of basic agrochemical soil properties is achieved with application of the scientifically reasonable protective measures. For remote prognosis of radionuclide contents in natural and cultural meadow herbage the use of transfer factors (TFa, (Bq/kg)(kBq/m2)) based on the complex agrochemical parameters--agrochemical cultivation soil index (Icd) and basic saturation degree (V, %), which take into account some soil characteristics simultaneously, is a streamlined approach. This paper provides the equations of linear and multiple regressions, which can be used to calculate the transfer factors for 137Cs and 90Sr uptake and the herbage contamination degree for the main types of meadows of the region, that will allow reducing the volume of forage production (hay, green bulk), which is not adequate to established permissible levels: "Republican allowable levels of the contents of 137Cs and 90Sr in agricultural raw material and forages". 相似文献
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Mikheev AM 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》1999,39(6):663-666
It is shown, that the roots of plants concentrate 137Cs and 90Sr from water solutions in different zones: 137Cs--mainly in a meristem zone, 90Sr--in a stretching zone. The similar character of radionuclide distribution was established regarding water and soil cultures. The real dose loading on critical tissues of main root have appeared to be much higher than it was expected from the assumption of uniform distribution of radionuclides in tissues. 相似文献
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Tsybul'ka NN 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2006,46(1):82-88
The results of the researching of 137Cs migration with deflation soils are presented. It was established, that on drained peat and on sod-podsolic sandy soils, subjected to the radioactive pollution, the deflation is a major factor of the horizontal carry radionuclides. The quantity indicators of the 137Cs migration depend on the density of the pollution of the top layer soils, on the intensity of deflationary processes and on the use of the agricultural grounds. At the identical density of the pollution on drained peat soils the 137Cs carry is higher on 25-35%, than on mineral easy ones. The decrease of the deflationary processes to maximum permissible levels (for the drained peat soils--0.2-0.5, for sandy soils--1.3 t/ha per one year) promotes the reduction of the 137Cs migration on drained peat soils on 92-94%, on sod-podsolic sandy soils--on 87%. 相似文献
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The most spread mechanisms and models of 137Cs migration in soil were considered and the advantage of the models, which take into account the kinetics of sorption-desorption above the models with two components were presented. 相似文献
17.
Khomutinin IuV Kashparov VA Kuz'menko AV 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2011,51(3):374-384
Activities of 137Cs and 90Sr, concentrations of the potassium and calcium ions in water and accumulation of the radionuclides in the organisms of various freshwater fish have been measured in the stagnant and semistagnant water reservoirs of Ukraine contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl accident. On the basis of the numerous experimental data for different regions the statistical parameters were derived describing the dependencies of the 137Cs and 90Sr concentration ratios in the muscle tissue of various fish species on the potassium and calcium concentrations in water, respectively. 相似文献
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Thomas Guillaume Fabienne Chawla Philipp Steinmann Jean-Michel Gobat Pascal Froidevaux 《Plant and Soil》2012,355(1-2):29-39
Background and aims
Uptake of 90Sr and 137Cs in plants varies widely between soil types and between plant species. It is now recognized that the radionuclide uptake in plants is more influenced by site-specific and plant-specific parameters rather than the bulk radionuclide concentration in soil. We hypothesized that the stress which Alpine plants experience because of the short growing season may enhance the phylogenetic effect on the 137Cs and 90Sr transfer factors as well as the dependency of the uptake by plant to the concentrations of exchangeable Ca and K of soils.Methods
We carried out a field study on the 90Sr and 137Cs uptake by 11 species of Alpine plants growing on 6 undisturbed and geochemically different soils in the Alpine valley of Piora, Switzerland.Results
Results show that a strong correlation exists between the log TF and the log of exchangeable Ca or K of the soils.Conclusions
Cs uptake by Phleum rhaeticum (Poales) and Alchemilla xanthochlora (Rosales) is more sensitive to the amount of exchangeable K in the soil than the corresponding uptake by other orders. Moreover, the 90Sr results indicate a phylogenetic effect between Non-Eudicot and Eudicots: the order Poales (Phleum rhaeticum) concentrating much less 90Sr than Eudicots do. 相似文献19.
Paskevich SA 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2005,45(3):281-286
Below are presented the results of the researches of the carrying-out of 90Sr and 137Cs by the overground phytomass of the fallow lands and meadows herbaceous community of Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (Zone). The radioecological characteristic of the basic cenosis-generative species of the Zone's fallow lands and meadows herbaceous communities is given. Are made the evaluations of the biogenic fluxes of the radioactive matters into structural elements of the mentioned phytocenosises (alive biomass and laying). The radioecological significance of the Zone's herbaceous phytocenosis is presented as one of the bariers on the ways of the carrying-out of the radioactive nuclides out of the borders of the zone. 相似文献
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Gudkov DI Zub LN Derevets VV Kuz'menko MI Nazarov AB Kaglian AE Savitskiĭ AL 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2002,42(4):419-428
The analysis of the content of radionuclides 90Sr, 137Cs, 238Pu, 239 + 240Pu and 241Am in water vegetation of flood plain reservoirs has allowed studing features of radionuclide accumulation by various species of macrophytes and revealing bioindicators of radionuclide contamination. Thus species-specificity of radionuclide accumulation can essentially change the contribution of different species to a percentage ratio of the radionuclide content in phytomass of reservoirs in comparison with fund of higher aquatic plants. 相似文献