Entomological biometeorology

Summary I would appear to have given a rather pessimistic picture of the problems in entomological biometeorology as a result of emphasizing the areas of research that are most vitally concerned with a full understanding of the insect's relation to its environment. An important part of continuing scientific study is capacity to define problems for future investigation from past experience. In spite of the fact that many research results in border fields between meteorology and biology have accumulated without any serious organization toward unifying concepts, it is encouraging that we have achieved enough insight to define some of the basic problems. Future research is in a position in many ways to contribute to the organized approach that is required to make biometeorology a science.It should also be observed that the major limiting problem of handling large volumes of data in complicated ecological studies has been solved in principle to a large extent by the digital and the analogue electronic computers. Digital computer programming has already been incorporated in some population studies for insects. Eventual extension of analogue computer methods to behaviour problems may well facilitate an understanding of more complicated systems,especially those basic to the dispersal and migration of insects.     

The application of meteorology in medical sciences

After a brief mention of the distinct features of human biometeorology as compared with the other fields of biometeorology methods of approach are reviewed. The main aim of research is to establish a ranking order for the impact of the factors of the atmospheric environment within general biometeorology and within ecology as a whole. Both deductive and inductive methods reveal that all ranking is relative and dependent on the particular purpose served and the special limitations introduced through control of the ecosystem. The application of meteorology in the medical sciences requires a basic understanding of human biometeorology. It can only be fruitful if the various specialists define their purpose clearly so that meteorologists can arrange their recording scheme and data evaluation accordingly.     

纪念戴芳澜教授诞辰九十周年

戴芳澜教授(1893.5.4—1973.1.3)是我国真菌学的创始人,也是我国植物病理学的主要奠基人之一。他为祖国培养了大量人才。为纪念他的光辉业绩,值戴教授诞辰九十周年、逝世十周年之际,特发表他的一篇评论性论文;戴教授的主要著作目录;俞大绂、陈鸿逵、周家炽、裘维蕃、相望年等教授的怀念性文章和他一生中各时期的照片两版,以资纪念。     

Influence of different fertilizer types of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) on the structure of nematode communities

Increasing efficiency of production of vegetable crops is directly related to search for appropriate solution to increase their productivity. Organic amendments have been used for centuries to improve soil fertility and crop yield. Our study suggests that organic amendments can also be used as nematicidal agents. The survey was conducted on Experimental field of Department Horticulture at Agricultural University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria in 2009 on nematode infested sites. Combination with two types of fertilizers was used to investigate their effects on the community of soil nematodes. Characterization and comparative analysis among treatments of soil nematode community structure based on different ecological measures such as total nematode abundance, number of genera, trophic diversity and etc., was made. Changes in the composition and structure of nematode community as result of different fertilizer types were assessed.     

A STUDY OF GENUS MYCOPHILA FELT FROM CHINA (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)

Abstract  Three species of the genus Mycophila Felt collected from China are reported in this paper; M. speyeri Barnes 1926 from Jiangsu Province, M. longispina Bu et Mo sp. nov. from Shandong Province and M. echinoidea Bu et Mo sp. nov. from Sichuan Province are new to science. The type material of M. longispina Bu et Mo is deposited in the Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, that of M. echinoidea Bu et Mo is deposited in the Department of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin.     

Influence of rearing method on ide Leuciscus idus L. juvenile survival under pike and pikeperch predation

Nase Chondrostoma nasus L., once one of the most common fish species in the upper reaches of central European rivers, is now considered endangered throughout its natural range. Since 2000 the Department of Ichthyobiology and Fisheries, Warsaw Agricultural University, has co-operated with the Polish Anglers Association in Krosno to study the effects of river restocking with pond‐farmed nase juveniles. The experiment is carried out on Wislok River, where nase was very twenty years ago but has now completely disappeared. Selected parts of the river are stocked with tagged, one‐summer and 1 year‐old juveniles. Changes in nase occurrence, and their growth and foraging behaviour have been analysed.     

中国全脉茧蜂属一新种（膜翅目： 茧蜂科）

记述了窄径茧蜂亚科Agathidinae的中国大陆一新记录属-全脉茧蜂属Earinus Wesmael及该属已知分布于福建省武夷山的一新种-武夷全脉茧蜂Earinus wuyiensis Chen et Yang, 并建立了该属中国已知3种的分种检索表。新种模式标本保存于福建农业大学植物保护系益虫研究室。     

Changes of nase Chondrostoma nasus L. occurrence in the Wislok River,southern Poland,after stocking with pond reared juveniles

Nase Chondrostoma nasus L., once one of the most common fish species in the upper reaches of central European rivers, is now considered endangered throughout its natural range. Since 2000 the Department of Ichthyobiology and Fisheries, Warsaw Agricultural University, has co‐operated with the Polish Anglers Association in Krosno to study the effects of river restocking with pond‐farmed nase juveniles. The experiment is carried out on Wislok River, where nase was very twenty years ago but has now completely disappeared. Selected parts of the river are stocked with tagged, one‐summer and 1 year‐old juveniles. Changes in nase occurrence, and their growth and foraging behaviour have been analysed.     

叶刺瘿螨亚科2新种记述(蜱螨亚纲:瘿螨科)

2新种是槐新四瘿螨Neotetra sophorae sp. nov. 分布于辽宁沈阳市;蔷薇上三脊瘿Calepitrimerus rosarum sp. nov.分布于湖南冷水江市。     

叶刺瘿螨亚科三新种记述(蜱螨亚纲:瘿螨科)

本文记述的三个新种,即瓜馥木纹瘿螨Vittacusfissistigmaesp．nov．、隆安刺瘿螨Aculuslonganensissp．nov．、大血藤刺瘿螨Aculussargentodoxaesp．nov。标本采自广西。     

Basic Science B.D. (before Drosophila): Cytology at Warsaw University (Poland)

The majority of modern research in cell and developmental biology is based almost exclusively on seven model organisms: mouse, zebra fish, Xenopus laevis frog, Drosophila fly, Caenorabditis elegans worm, Arabidopsis plant and yeast. Although the validity and practicality of these model systems and their impact on scientific progress are undeniable, the combination of goal-oriented science and the use of the model systems introduces, a priori, a dangerous limitation to scientific discovery. Consequently, many astonishing phenomena occurring in non-model organisms are either never studied or, disappear from scientific consciousness. A perfect example is the fate of the important studies by Professor Zygmunt Kraczkiewicz on chromatin diminution in Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) conducted before World War II and continued by his team until early 1990 in the Department of Cytology at Warsaw University in Poland. These light and electron microscopy studies have not been elevated to the molecular level, and although they deserve to be extensively studied and cited by researchers working in the field of soma and germ cell differentiation and specification, they have been, within the past 40 years, nearly completely wiped out of scientific memory. This article presents a short summary of this important research in the historical context of pre- and post-war science at Warsaw University in Poland.     

Rolf Bernander (1956–2014): pioneer of the archaeal cell cycle

On 19 January 2014 Rolf (‘Roffe’) Bernander passed away unexpectedly. Rolf was a dedicated scientist; his research aimed at unravelling the cell biology of the archaeal domain of life, especially cell cycle‐related questions, but he also made important contributions in other areas of microbiology. Rolf had a professor position in the Molecular Evolution programme at Uppsala University, Sweden for about 8 years, and in January 2013 he became chair professor at the Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner‐Gren Institute at Stockholm University in Sweden. Rolf was an exceptional colleague and will be deeply missed by his family and friends, and the colleagues and co‐workers that he leaves behind in the scientific community. He will be remembered for his endless enthusiasm for science, his analytical mind, and his quirky sense of humour.     

"Do not lose the winning games". To the 100th anniversary of M.E. Lobashev

Mikhail E. Lobashev (1907-1971), Head of the Department of Genetics and Breeding with the Leningrad (now, St. Petersburg) State University from 1957 to 1971, had traveled a long way from a homeless to an Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation. Lobashev was among the discoverers of chemical mutagenesis in Drosophila; he pioneered in connecting the mutation process and the repair of genetic material and developed the concept of signal inheritance. Through the entire Great Patriotic War, he served with the field forces, and defended his doctoral dissertation on the physiological hypothesis of mutation process in 1946 on the return to the University. In 1948, Mikhail Efimovich was discharged from the University, where he was the Dean of the Biological Faculty, as a Morganist. On his return to the University in 1957, Lobashev devoted all his energies to the restoration of genetic education in this country, wrote the first domestic genetic textbook in the post-Lysenko period, organized the research at the Department of Genetics and Breeding, and created the scientific school, whose representatives are still successfully working in the field of genetics.     

The importance of air quality in human biometeorology

Often we encounter a misunderstanding based on the assertion that the criterion of air quality is excluded from studies into meteorology and climatology. In contrast to this, it must be stressed that the admixtures and pollutants pertaining to air quality criteria belong to the atmosphere and therefore, of course, to the field of meteorology, and due to their possible effects also to human biometeorology. A normal weather forecast should include data concerning the concentrations of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and other substances. Biometeorological weather classifications should also include mention of air quality rather more than previously. For instance, the classification after Bucher used in Germany is referred to and supplemented with respect to air quality. Analogous relationships hold true for the global classification of climates. As an example, the well-known classification after Koeppen is supplemented according to air quality.     

Numerical approaches to the species problem

The use of numbers by systematists is not new. Measurements to describe individuals and formal taxa have been used since the beginnings of our science. But the advent of electronic computers now permits a much more accurate understanding of the phenotypic relationships within and among populations and taxa. Furthermore, estimates of cladistic relationship also are being attempted with the help of computers. Computers can increase our understanding of speciation, but this requires us to think intelligently about the meaning of their results.Presented at the symposium Speciation and the Species Concept during the XIIth International Botanical Congress, Leningrad, July 8, 1975.     

“Do not lose the winning games” to the 100th anniversary of M.E. Lobashev

Mikhail E. Lobashev (1907–1971), Head of the Department of Genetics and Breeding with the Leningrad (now, St. Petersburg) State University from 1957 to 1971, had traveled a long way from a homeless to an Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation. Lobashev was among the discoverers of chemical mutagenesis in Drosophila; he pioneered in connecting the mutation process and the repair of genetic material and developed the concept of signal inheritance. Through the entire Great Patriotic War, he served with the field forces, and defended his doctoral dissertation on the physiological hypothesis of mutation process in 1946 on the return to the University. In 1948, Mikhail Efimovich was discharged from the University, where he was the Dean of the Biological Faculty, as a Morganist. On his return to the University in 1957, Lobashev devoted all his energies to the restoration of genetic education in this country, wrote the first domestic genetic textbook in the post-Lysenko period, organized the research at the Department of Genetics and Breeding, and created the scientific school, whose representatives are still successfully working in the field of genetics.     

From colloids to proteases

The present autobiographical review describes my professional experiences as a graduate student in Vienna, Austria, the postdoctoral experiences at the University of London, University of Minnesota, and at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. This was followed by a faculty appointment at Duke University where I rose through the ranks from assistant professor to professor of physical biochemistry from 1938 to 1950. This account includes both scientific and cultural episodes and anecdotes. In 1950 I moved to Seattle to become founding chairman and professor in the Department of Biochemistry as will be described elsewhere.     

无褶啮小蜂属一新种记述(膜翅目:姬小蜂科:啮小蜂亚科)(英语)

本文记述了无褶啮小峰属Aprostocetus一新种,采自江西农业大学校园内.该蜂寄居于构骨(别名:构骨冬青、猫儿刺等)Ilex cornuta Linnaeus枝上一种瘿蚊(学名待定)所造的虫瘿中.新种属Aprostocetus亚属中的lycidas群,与Aprostocetus(A.)boreus(Delucchi)极相似,但腹部比后者长得多,约为头、胸部长之和的1.4倍;并胸腹节之中部比后胸盾稍短.沿中胸盾侧沟之内侧具毛5根.模式标本保存于江西农大植保系标本室内.