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1.
A disease caused by a parasitic dinoflagellate of the genus Hematodinium was identified in red, Paralithodes camtschaticus, and blue, Paralithodes platypus, king crabs from the north-east region of the Sea of Okhotsk, Russia, during annual stock surveys. No carapace color change was observed even in heavily infected crabs, but diseased crabs possessed creamy-yellow hemolymph, which was visible through the arthrodial membranes of the abdomen and appendages. Several stages of the parasite’s life history, including trophonts, plasmodia, sporonts and macrodinospores, were observed in tissues of infected king crabs. Numerous parasite cells were observed in the lumina of the myocardium, the gills, the connective tissue of antennal glands and the sinuses of nerve ganglia, eyestalks and gastrointestinal tract of king crabs with gross signs of infection. Based on sequencing of the 18S rDNA, it appears that the Hematodinium sp. found in red and blue king crabs is identical or closely related to Hematodinium sp. isolated from crabs of the genera Chionoecetes and Lithodes. Observed prevalences were 0.33% in sublegal male red king crabs, 0.18% in female red king crabs, 0.34% in sublegal male blue king crabs and 0.31% in female blue king crabs. 相似文献
2.
T. V. Ryazanova P. A. Fedotov V. I. Kharlamenko 《Russian Journal of Marine Biology》2016,42(5):409-413
We studied the distribution of the “bitter-crab” syndrome, a disease caused by the parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium sp., in eight commercial species of crabs in the west of the Bering and Chukchi seas. The crabs (25 388 individuals) were sampled during bottom trawl surveys of July?September 2010 and October?November 2012. The disease was first identified visually by a color change of the exoskeleton and the hemolymph of the animals and then using microscope analysis of hemolymph samples. Infestation was detected in crabs of three species, Chionoecetes opilio, C. bairdi, and Paralithodes platypus. The prevalence of the disease (the percent of infected individuals relative to all of those examined) in C. bairdi and P. platypus was very low, 0.1 and 0.3%, respectively. Infestation was widespread among C. opilio, its peak in the Bering Sea was in the fall. The average prevalence of the crab disease in different areas of the Bering Sea ranged from 0.8 to 10.8%. A high rate of crab infection was recorded in the Korfa Bay. In the Chukchi Sea, the average prevalence was 2%. Infestation by Hematodinium sp. was not revealed in the deep-sea snow crabs Chionoecetes tanneri and C. angulatus, and in three species of lithodid crabs, Paralithodes camtschaticus, P. brevipes, and Lithodes couesi. This can be explained by the small sample volume and/or ecology of these species, since the disease was registered in other areas in four of them. 相似文献
3.
Misoon Kim Tae-Hyung Kwon Su-Mi Jung Seung-Hak Cho Seon Yeong Jin Nyun-Ho Park Choong-Gon Kim Jong-Shik Kim 《PloS one》2013,8(8)
Antibiotic resistance and microbiota within edible snow crabs are important for the Chionoecetes (snow crab) fishing industry. We investigated these parameters using culture methods and antibiotic susceptibility tests with six internal organs from three species of Chionoecetes. Each sample revealed many unexpected microbial species within Chionoecetes internal organs. On the basis of 16S rRNA sequence analysis of 381 isolates, the most abundant genera identified in Chionoecetes opilio were Acinetobacter spp. (24%), Bacillus spp. (4%), Pseudomonas spp. (34%), Stenotrophomonas spp. (28%), and Agreia spp. (11%). In Chionoecetes sp. crabs, Acinetobacter spp. (23%), Bacillus spp. (12%), and Psychrobacter spp. (20%) were most prevalent, while Agreia spp. (11%), Bacillus spp. (31%), Microbacterium spp. (10%), Rhodococcus spp. (12%), and Agrococcus spp. (6%) were most abundant in C. japonicus. Our antibiotic resistance test found resistance to all nine antibiotics tested in 19, 14, and two of the isolates from C. opilio, Chionoecetes sp., and, C. japonicus respectively. Our results are the first to show that microbes with antibiotic resistance are widely distributed throughout the internal organs of natural snow crabs. 相似文献
4.
J.V. Hopper 《Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology》2008,367(2):153-156
In nature, parasite transmission from one host to the next takes place within complex biotic communities where non-host organisms can reduce transmission rates, for instance by preying on infective stages. We experimentally investigated the impact of four very different non-host organisms on the transmission of the microphallid trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis from its snail first intermediate host to its crustacean second intermediate host. We show that in laboratory mesocosms, accumulation of parasites in juvenile stalk-eyed mud crabs, Macrophthalmus hirtipes (Ocypodidae), was not reduced in the presence of cockles, Austrovenus stutchburyi, barnacles, Balanus sp., or the algae Enteromorpha spp., three organisms whose feeding mode or general abundance could negatively impact the parasite's infective stages (cercariae). In contrast, the presence of the anemone Anthopleura aureoradiata in the mesocosms caused a more than 4-fold reduction in the number of parasites acquired by crabs when compared to control mesocosms. Observations on fluorescent-dyed cercariae confirmed that they are ingested by anemones. Given the often high densities of anemones on mudflats, they may represent an important regulator of the abundance of M. novaezealandensis, and thus of the impact of this parasite on its hosts. These anemones may decrease cercarial transmission for many other trematode species as well. Our results stress the need for studies of parasite transmission in natural contexts rather than under simplified laboratory conditions. 相似文献
5.
Heidi Hopkins 《ZooKeys》2014,(384):1-256
The cockroach genus Arenivaga is revised. Forty-eight Arenivaga species are recognized with nine previously known species and 39 described as new including the following: A. pagana
sp. n., A. grandiscanyonensis
sp. n., A. haringtoni
sp. n., A. hopkinsorum
sp. n., A. umbratilis
sp. n., A. tenax
sp. n., A. impensa
sp. n., A. trypheros
sp. n., A. darwini
sp. n., A. nalepae
sp. n., A. sequoia
sp. n., A. mckittrickae
sp. n., A. gaiophanes
sp. n., A. belli
sp. n., A. estelleae
sp. n., A. delicata
sp. n., A. mortisvallisensis
sp. n., A. milleri
sp. n., A. pratchetti
sp. n., A. gumperzae
sp. n., A. rothi
sp. n., A. ricei
sp. n., A. adamsi
sp. n., A. nicklei
sp. n., A. akanthikos
sp. n., A. moctezuma
sp. n., A. paradoxa
sp. n., A. apaeninsula
sp. n., A. hebardi
sp. n., A. dnopheros
sp. n., A. aquila
sp. n., A. florilega
sp. n., A. galeana
sp. n., A. gurneyi
sp. n., A. pumila
sp. n., A. hypogaios
sp. n., A. diaphana
sp. n., A. nocturna
sp. n., A. alichenas
sp. n. All species are described or redescribed, major morphological features are illustrated, distributions are characterized, and the biology of the species is reviewed. A neotype series is designated for A. investigata Friauf & Edney. 相似文献
6.
Branchial bopyrids infesting porcellanid crabs from the Philippines were investigated based on intertidal collections made in 1999-2000. Crabs of the genus Petrolisthes collected from sites in the northern Philippines were examined and two parasite species were found. One new pseudionine species found infesting Petrolisthes sp. [cf. Petrolisthes asiaticus (Leach)] is described as Aporobopyrus galleonus (prevalence 6.1%); this species is distinguished from other members of the genus by a setose palp on the maxilliped of the females, barbula morphology, and male characters including the possession of pleopods. This represents the second described species of Aporobopyrus from the Philippines, and the first from porcellanid crabs. In addition, Pleurocrypta macrocephalaNierstrasz and Brender à Brandis, 1923 (originally described from Indonesia) was found infesting the same unidentified Petrolisthes sp. (prevalence 2.6%); this is the first report of the species from the Philippines. 相似文献
7.
L. G. Bragina 《Paleontological Journal》2014,48(2):101-109
Rich radiolarian associations are investigated. They include nine new species from the Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) metal-bearing beds of the Perapedhia Formation of southern Cyprus: Dorypyle concinna sp. nov., Gongylothorax mangaleniensis sp. nov., Heliocryptocapsa macroporus sp. nov., H. perapediensis sp. nov., Mita guttiformis sp. nov., Pseudoeucyrtis belogorskensis sp. nov., P. cypricus sp. nov., Rhopalosyringium mangaleniense sp. nov., and Sandovalella trihedra sp. nov. 相似文献
8.
Jason D Williams John J McDermott 《Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology》2004,305(1):1-128
The symbiotic associates of hermit crabs (excluding parasites and flora) are reviewed worldwide. The review includes species found on the shells occupied by hermit crabs (epibiotic species), species boring into these shells (endolithic species), species living within the lumen of the shell (either free-living or attached to the shell), species attached to the hermit crabs themselves, and hypersymbionts. In total over 550 invertebrates, from 16 phyla are found associated with over 180 species of hermit crabs. Among these associates, 114 appear to be obligate commensals of hermit crabs, 215 are facultative commensals, and 232 are incidental associates. The taxa exhibiting the highest number of associates are arthropods (126), polychaetes (105), and cnidarians (100). The communities of species associated with Dardanus arrosor, Paguristes eremita, Pagurus bernhardus, Pagurus cuanensis, and Pagurus longicarpus are the best studied and harbor the most diverse assemblages of species. While trends in biodiversity of hermit crab assemblages do not follow predicted patterns (e.g., hermit crabs within the Indo-West Pacific do not harbor more species than those from temperate regions), this is suggested to reflect a lack of sampling rather than a true representation of the number of associates. Hermit crabs date to at least the Cretaceous and provided a niche for a number of groups (e.g., hydractinians, bryozoans, polydorids), which were already associates of living gastropods. Apparently hermit crab shells initially supplied a substrate for settlement and then these symbiotic relationships were reinforced by enhanced feeding of symbionts through the activity of the hosts. Through their use and recycling of gastropods shells, hermit crabs are important allogenic ecosystem engineers in marine habitats from the intertidal to the deep sea. Hermit crabs benefit from some symbionts, particularly cnidarians and bryozoans, through extension of shell apertures (alleviating need to switch into new shells) and by providing protection from predators. However, hermit crabs are also negatively impacted (e.g., decreased reproductive success, increased predation) by some symbionts and a review of egg predators is provided. Thus, the symbiotic relationships between hermit crabs and many associates are difficult to characterize and often exhibit temporal changes depending on environmental and biological factors. Research on the biology of these symbionts and the costs/benefits of their associations with hermit crabs are analyzed. While some associates (e.g., Hydractinia spp.) have been studied in considerable detail, for most associations little is known in terms of the impacts of symbionts on hosts, and future experimental studies on the multitude of relationships are suggested. 相似文献
9.
The genus Cleptes Latreille, 1802 from China is revised and illustrated for the first time. Seventeen species of Cleptes are recorded. Nine species are new to science, Cleptes albonotatus
sp. n., Cleptes eburnecoxis
sp. n., Cleptes flavolineatus
sp. n., Cleptes helanshanus
sp. n., Cleptes niger
sp. n., Cleptes shengi
sp. n., Cleptes sinensis
sp. n., Cleptes tibetensis
sp. n., and Cleptes villosus
sp. n.,and two species are reported as new to China, Cleptes metallicorpus Ha, Lee & Kim, 2011, and Cleptes seoulensis Tsuneki, 1959. 相似文献
10.
11.
Ten new species of caddisflies of the families Polycentropodidae (nine) and Molannidae (one) are described from the Eocene Baltic amber: Holocentropus peregrinator sp. nov., H. proximorepertus sp. nov., H. dugoi sp. nov., H. fundamentalis sp. nov., H. telergon sp. nov., Plectrocnemia varigoria sp. nov., P. synthesia sp. nov., P. novokshonovi sp. nov., Nyctiophylax valideturbidus sp. nov., and Molanna okraina sp. nov. 相似文献
12.
《Fungal Ecology》2021
According to our hypothesis, temporal heterogeneity due to seasonality (summer rosette vs. winter rosette) instead of spatial heterogeneity, showed higher influence on both the community and the infection rate of endophytes present in the carnivorous plant Pinguicula moranensis. In addition, the infection rate of endophytic fungi isolated from roots was higher than that observed in leaves although the endophytic community was similar between both tissues. Overall, we isolated endophytic fungi members of Dothideomycetes, Leotimocyetes, Eurotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes. P. moranensis harbors at least 10 genera, seven of them (Astrocystis sp., Bipolaris sp., Cercospora sp., Coniochaeta sp., Ijuhya sp., Neomollisia sp. and Ochroconis sp.) reported for the first time in carnivorous plants. We advanced some implications about the role that these endophytes could be playing in this carnivorous plant, illustrating a certain level of specificity in the endophytic community of fungi present in leaves and roots. 相似文献
13.
The taxonomy of the genus Peyerimhoffia Kieffer in China was studied. Eight species were recognized, including seven new species that are herein described and illustrated: P. hamata
sp. n., P. obesa
sp. n., P. sparsula
sp. n., P. longiprojecta
sp. n., P. brachypodua
sp. n., P. yunnana
sp. n., and P. shennongjiana
sp. n. In addition, P. vagabunda (Winnertz, 1867) is reported for the first time from China. A key to these Chinese species is provided. 相似文献
14.
New bryozoans from the Middle-Upper Devonian (Eifelian-Frasnian) and the Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) of the Holy Cross Mountains in central Poland are described: Bigeyella sparsa gen. et sp. nov., B. separata gen. et sp. nov., Eridopora singula sp. nov., Leptotrypa pulchra sp. nov., Kysylschinipora klarae sp. nov., Coelotubulipora rara sp. nov., Alternifenestella genuina sp. nov., Exfenestella polonica sp. nov., and Rectifenestella localis sp. nov. Some paleogeographic and stratigraphic aspects of the Paleozoic deposits of this region are discussed and main bryozoan localities are described. 相似文献
15.
A palynofloral assemblage is described from the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas. Forty palynomorph species are recorded and these are correlated with European Upper Triassic assemblages. The Dockum Group assemblage is considered to be of late Karnian age.Two new genera, Tulesporites gen. nov., type species T. briscoensis sp. nov., and Daughertyspora gen. nov., type species D. chinleanus (Daugherty) comb. nov. have been erected; new species are Converrucosisporites matsenii sp. nov., Pyramidosporites traversei sp. nov., Callialasporites triassicus sp. nov., Plicatipollenites minutotriletus sp. nov., Triadispora dockumensis sp. nov., Bhardwajispora jansonii sp. nov., Protodiploxypinus americus sp. nov., P. ujhelyi sp. nov., Klausipollenites gouldii sp. nov., Pityosporites old-hamensis sp. nov., Abietineaepollenites bujakii sp. nov., Falcisporites oviformis sp. nov. and F. tecovasensis sp. nov. 相似文献
16.
Alexander Riedel Rene T?nzler Michael Balke Cahyo Rahmadi Yayuk R. Suhardjono 《ZooKeys》2014,(467):1-162
The genus Trigonopterus Fauvel, 1862 is highly diverse in Melanesia. Only one species, Trigonopterus
amphoralis Marshall, 1925 was so far recorded West of Wallace’s Line (Eastern Sumatra). Based on focused field-work the fauna from Sundaland (Sumatra, Java, Bali, Palawan) and the Lesser Sunda Islands (Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores) is here revised. We redescribe Trigonopterus
amphoralis Marshall and describe an additional 98 new species: Trigonopterus
acuminatus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
aeneomicans
sp. n., Trigonopterus
alaspurwensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
allopatricus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
allotopus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
angulicollis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
argopurensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
arjunensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
asper
sp. n., Trigonopterus
attenboroughi
sp. n., Trigonopterus
baliensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
batukarensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
bawangensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
binodulus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
bornensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
cahyoi
sp. n., Trigonopterus
costipennis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
cuprescens
sp. n., Trigonopterus
cupreus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
dacrycarpi
sp. n., Trigonopterus
delapan
sp. n., Trigonopterus
dentipes
sp. n., Trigonopterus
diengensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
dimorphus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
disruptus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
dua
sp. n., Trigonopterus
duabelas
sp. n., Trigonopterus
echinatus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
empat
sp. n., Trigonopterus
enam
sp. n., Trigonopterus
fissitarsis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
florensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
foveatus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
fulgidus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
gedensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
halimunensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
honjensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
ijensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
javensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
kalimantanensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
kintamanensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
klatakanensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
lampungensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
latipes
sp. n., Trigonopterus
lima
sp. n., Trigonopterus
lombokensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
merubetirensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
mesehensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
micans
sp. n., Trigonopterus
misellus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
palawanensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
pangandaranensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
paraflorensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
pararugosus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
parasumbawensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
pauxillus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
payungensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
porcatus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
pseudoflorensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
pseudosumbawensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
punctatoseriatus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
ranakensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
relictus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
rinjaniensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
roensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
rugosostriatus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
rugosus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
rutengensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
saltator
sp. n., Trigonopterus
santubongensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
sasak
sp. n., Trigonopterus
satu
sp. n., Trigonopterus
schulzi
sp. n., Trigonopterus
sebelas
sp. n., Trigonopterus
sembilan
sp. n., Trigonopterus
sepuluh
sp. n., Trigonopterus
seriatus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
serratifemur
sp. n., Trigonopterus
setifer
sp. n., Trigonopterus
silvestris
sp. n., Trigonopterus
singkawangensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
singularis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
sinuatus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
squalidus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
sumatrensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
sumbawensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
sundaicus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
suturalis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
syarbis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
telagensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
tepalensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
tiga
sp. n., Trigonopterus
trigonopterus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
tujuh
sp. n., Trigonopterus
ujungkulonensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
variolosus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
vulcanicus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
wallacei
sp. n.. All new species are authored by the taxonomist-in-charge, Alexander Riedel. Most species belong to the litter fauna of primary wet evergreen forests. This habitat has become highly fragmented in the study area and many of its remnants harbor endemic species. Conservation measures should be intensified, especially in smaller and less famous sites to minimize the number of species threatened by extinction. 相似文献
17.
Twelve species are considered within the Afrotropical genus Strigivenifera Hering, 1937, and ten of them are described as new ones: S. eborea sp. n.,S. livingstonei sp. n., S. marina sp. n., S. tanja sp. n., S. ocellaris sp. n., S. cruisa sp. n., S. bartschi sp. n., S. oris sp. n., S. tatooifera sp. n., and S. neo sp. n. The species S. albidiscalis (Hampson, 1910) is raised from synonymy with S. venata (Aurivillius, 1895) and considered as a separate species. 相似文献
18.
The bryozoan fauna from the Xiazhen Formation (Katian, Upper Ordovician) of northeast Jiangxi Province, southeast China is reported here. Seventeen species of bryozoans belonging to fifteen genera and four orders are identified: Homotrypa yushanensis, Homotrypa sp., Prasopora yushanensis, Trematopora sp., Monotrypella sp., Rhombotrypa sp., Orbignyella sp., Constellaria jiangxiensis, Constellaria sp., Stictopora nicholsoni, Trigonodictya parvula, Ptilodictya ensiformis, Stictoporella sp., Pseudopachydictya sp., Nematopora sp., Arthrostylidae sp. indet., and Chasmatoporidae sp. indet. Four of these genera have been reported previously but nine genera (Trematopora, Monotrypella, Rhombotrypa, Orbignyella, Trigonodictya, Ptilodictya, Stictoporella, Pseudopachydictya, and Nematopora), one rhabdomesine and one fenestrate are found for the first time in the Late Ordovician strata of South China. Our palaeogeographical analysis suggests that the bryozoan association is typical for the Katian, which is mostly widespread in Laurentia, Siberia, Baltica and Mediterranean, and displays palaeobiogeographical relationships to the Laurentia–Siberia Province. 相似文献
19.
The present paper revises the species belonging to the Neoserica (sensu lato) abnormis group, so far known only with two nominal species. Twenty new species are herein described from Indochina and southern China: N. abnormoides
sp. n. (Vietnam, China), N. allolaotica
sp. n., N. namthaensis
sp. n., N. simplicissima
sp. n. (Laos), N. thailandensis
sp. n. (Thailand), N. alloputaoana
sp. n., N. kanphantensis
sp. n., N. natmatoungensis
sp. n., N. putaoana
sp. n., N. taunggyiana
sp. n. (Myanmar), N. lamellosa
sp. n., N. tonkinea
sp. n. (Vietnam), N. bairailingshanica
sp. n., N. euyunnanica
sp. n., N. huangi
sp. n., N. jiangxiensis
sp. n., N. trifida
sp. n., N. yaoi
sp. n., N. yingjiangensis
sp. n. (China), N. cardamomensis
sp. n. (Indochina and southern China). One new combination is established: Neoserica ponderosa Arrow, 1946, comb. n. The lectotypes of Neoserica abnormis Moser, 1908 and the taxonomically uncertain N. inclinata Brenske, 1898, which very likely also belongs to this species group, are designated herein. A key to the species and to species groups is given, the genitalia of all species including their habitus are illustrated. Maps of species distribution are included. 相似文献
20.
V. N. Akimov O. A. Podosokorskaya M. G. Shlyapnikov V. F. Gal’chenko 《Microbiology》2013,82(6):721-727
In situ analysis of the 16S rRNA genes from bacterial mats of five hydrothermal springs (36–58°C) in the Uzon caldera (Kamchatka, Russia) was carried out using clone libraries. Eight clone libraries contained 18 dominant phylotypes (over 4–5%). In most clone libraries, the phylotype of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum sp. was among the dominant ones. The phylotypes of the green nonsulfur bacteria Chloroflexus and Roseiflexus and of purple nonsulfur bacteria Rhodoblastus, Rhodopseudomonas, and Rhodoferax were also among the dominant ones. Cyanobacteria were represented by one dominant phylotype in a single spring. Among nonphototrophic bacteria, the dominant phylotypes belonged to Sulfyrihydrogenibium sp., Geothrix sp., Acidobacterium sp., Meiothermus sp., Thiomonas sp., Thiofaba sp., and Spirochaeta sp. Three phylotypes were not identified at the genus level. Most genera of phototrophic and nonphototrophic organisms corresponding to the phylotypes from Uzon hydrotherms have been previously revealed in the hydrotherms of volcanically active regions of America, Asia, and Europe. These results indicate predominance of bacterial mats carrying out anaerobic photosynthesis in the hydrotherms of the Uzon caldera. 相似文献