产低温脂肪酶非极端细菌的筛选、产酶发酵及粗酶性质研究

目的：筛选产低温脂肪酶非极端细菌菌株,扩大脂肪酶的应用范围。方法：利用维多利亚蓝B平板显色法和摇瓶发酵法,从土壤中筛选产脂肪酶菌株,通过菌落形态和菌体特征观察初步对菌种进行鉴定,并对该菌株的产酶发酵培养基进行了优化。结果：得到一株产低温脂肪酶非极端细菌菌株sybc—li一1,该菌株适宜产酶培养基（％）为淀粉1、牛肉浸膏1、NaNO3 0．08、CaCl2 0．04、MgSO4 0．04、橄榄油2和OP1;初始DH8、30℃、200r／min培养72h,脂肪酶活力可高达到30．2U／mL;所产脂肪酶粗酶最适作用温度20℃,最适pH9．5,0℃时仍能保持70％的酶活性,属于低温酶;该酶与目前报道的低温脂肪酶相比,有较好的热稳定性,粗酶在pH8．5、70℃条件下保温60mla,酶活力损失30％。结论：该菌株为自然环境中筛选的非极端细菌,所产脂肪酶为低温脂肪酶,在开发应用上有良好的前景。     

一株脂肪酶产生菌的筛选及产酶条件优化研究

通过利用溴甲酚紫显色培养基初筛和酶活测定法复筛得到产脂肪酶的一株细菌HP2,经形态学观察和生理生化测定初步鉴定该菌株为不动杆菌属。并对该菌株的摇床培养产酶条件进行了初步研究,采用正交试验对HP2菌株发酵产脂肪酶的条件进行了优化,得到最佳发酵条件为初始pH为7.7,培养温度为35℃,接种量(V/V)为1.5%,发酵周期为48 h,酶活力达到129.7 U/mL。     

烟色红曲霉耐热解脂酶的形成及特性

烟色红曲霉(Monacus fulginosus)M-101菌株经麦麸固态培养生成耐热脂肪酶和酯酶。产酶的适宜条件为:培养温度30℃,初始pH 3.0—3.5,麸曲初始含水量75％。培养4—5天后,脂肪酶活力可达207u/g,酯酶活力达14.6u/g。粗酶试验表明,脂肪酶和酯酶的最适反应温度为50℃,脂肪酶最适反应pH为6.0。酯酶最适反应pH为6.8。酯酶耐热性略高于脂肪酶,在55℃处理1小时和45℃处理24小时,两种酶活力基本不变。     

Aspergillus sp.脂肪酶发酵条件优化及酶学性质的研究

作者为了得到一种热稳定性较好的脂肪酶新酶种,通过研究分离白极端环境的Aspergillus sp．的最佳产酶条件及其所产脂肪酶的酶学性质,得出了该菌产酶的最佳发酵条件为：以1％黄豆饼粉为氮源、0．2％玉米淀粉为碳源,1．5％橄榄油为诱导物,起始pH6．0左右。装量10mL（250mL三角瓶。摇瓶转速180r／min）、发酵时间为96h。在最佳发酵条件下可得最大发酵酶活36U/mL。Aspergillus sp．所产的脂肪酶的酶学性质是：最适pH为9．0,在pH5．0—10．0于20℃下放置24h后,残余酶活仍保持在起始酶活的90％以上;该酶的最适温度为50℃,50℃保温60min后仍保留70％以上的酶活。Aspergillus sp．所产脂肪酶的热稳定性较好。     

热稳定碱性脂肪酶产生菌的筛选及发酵条件的优化

从渤海湾盐碱地被油污染的土样中分离筛选出6株产热稳定碱性脂肪酶菌株。其中菌株1-7产脂肪酶能力较强,其最高酶活为8.67U/mL。根据其16S rDNA序列分析和Biolog生理生化分析,初步鉴定为醋酸钙不动杆菌(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)。初步酶学性质研究表明该菌所产脂肪酶具有较好的热稳定性,最适作用pH为9.0。摇瓶实验表明,该菌株最适产酶培养基为(g/L):玉米粉10,黄豆饼粉20,K_2HPO_4 1,NaNO_3 5,橄榄油10。最适产酶条件为:初始pH 8.0,培养温度37℃,培养时间29 h。接种量为2%,250 mL摇瓶装液量为30 mL。     

中温碱性脂肪酶的研究Ⅱ.扩展青霉PF868变株产酶条件

本文报道中温碱性脂肪酶高产变株扩展青霉（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍ ｅｘｐａｎｓｕｍ）ＰＦ８６８的产酶条件。研究结果表明ＰＦ８６８最适产酶条件为：碳源玉米粉,氮源黄豆饼粉,起始ｐＨ７．５,产酶培养温度２６℃,移种量１０％;亚适量的豆油有利于产酶;７００ｐｐｍ的泡敌不抑制菌丝生长且有利于产酶;适量的非离子表面活性剂Ｔｗｅｅｎ和Ｓｐａｎ类有利于菌丝生长和脂肪酶的释放。     

脂肪酶产生菌的筛选、鉴定及其产酶条件优化

目的:寻找合适的产酶菌。方法:从富油土壤中分离到一株脂肪酶产生菌,并通过16S rRNA部分序列分析和系统发育分析将其鉴定为假单胞菌属,定名为:Pseudomonas sp.26-2。本研究进一步通过正交试验设计对该菌株的产脂肪酶条件进行了优化。结果:在摇瓶培养条件下,其最适产酶条件为:淀粉1.5%,酵母提取物3%,硫酸镁0.05%,K2HPO40.2%,橄榄油0.2%;反应起始pH值为7.0,发酵温度为30℃。在此条件下,发酵脂肪酶活力可达15.5U/ml。结论:所获得的假单胞菌26-2具有一定的脂肪酶生产能力,并为该菌株的菌种改良以及脂肪酶的高效基因工程菌的构建奠定了基础。     

产脂肪酶嗜碱细菌的筛选及酶学性质研究

目的:筛选产脂肪酶嗜碱细菌,并研究其酶学性质.方法:以豆油为唯一碳源的固体平板筛选产酶菌株,16S rDNA同源性分析确定微生物菌属,单因素实验优化产酶条件、研究酶学性质.结果:筛选出1株产脂肪酶的嗜碱菌株,鉴定为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas),命名为Pseudomonas sp.C-36.菌株产酶的最佳培养条件为:甘油2%(V/V).蛋白胨0.7%(W/V),酵母提取物0.5%(W/V),K2HPO4 0.2%(W/V),MsS04·7H2O 0.05%(W/V),NaCl 0.3%(W/V),Triton X-100 0.01%(W/V),pH 9.5,转速180r/min,37℃下培养24h,产酶量为2.782 IU/ml.该酶的最适温度和pH分别为40℃和9.0,50℃时酶活半衰期为2h.Ca2+等金属离子对该酶酶活具有促进作用,而Zn2+对酶活的抑制作用明显.有机溶剂的耐受性实验表明,该酶在疏水性有机溶剂中稳定性良好.结论:筛选得到1株嗜碱的脂肪酶产生菌C-36,并鉴定为Pseudomonas.     

诱变选育脂肪酶高产菌株及其酶学性质

面包干酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)为出发菌株,对其进行紫外和微波复合诱变,得高产突变菌株DX213,高产突变菌株酶活力为635 U/mL,为出发菌株的1.69倍。菌株富集培养5代,遗传性状稳定。DX213菌株的最优产脂肪酶条件为:培养温度30℃和培养液pH 7.5。酶学性质研究表明:脂肪酶的最适温度40℃、最适pH为7.5、脂肪酶在40℃以下稳定。Fe3+离子对脂肪酶有激活效应,当Fe3+离子浓度为0.03 g/mL时,脂肪酶酶活力高达720 U/mL。     

四株冰川雪细菌产酶能力的初步研究

目的:从青藏高原冰川雪中筛选出一菌多酶的菌株.方法:对恢复出的4个细菌,通过平板透明法研究其产淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶的特性.结果:LHG-C-9为惟一可以产淀粉酶的菌株,所产脂肪酶活性最高.4个菌株均不产蛋白酶.结论:LHG-C-9最适生长温度为15℃,属于耐冷菌.对该菌所产淀粉酶和脂肪酶的性质进行了初步研究,其随产淀粉酶的最适作用温度为50℃;最佳产酶pH值为7.0,该pH值所产酶活为83.9U/mL;在60℃的高温下温浴10min后酶活为0%.该菌株所产脂肪酶的最适作用温度为20℃;最佳产酶pH值为7.0,该pH值所产酶活为9.2U/mL;50℃温浴1h后酶活力不足34%.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.