抗草甘膦转基因大豆PCR检测及问题探讨

转基因植物的检测具有重要的意义。用抗草甘膦转基因大豆中的外源CaMV35S启动子、CP4 EPSPS和巢式PCR引物,应用PCR方法,从中扩增出预期大小的DNA片段。将扩增产物回收后测序,经同源性分析扩增产物为CaMV35S启动子和CP4 EPSPS的一部分序列。与常规PCR相比,巢式PCR在检测转基因大豆中具有更高的特异性。讨论了PCR检测过程中假阴性和假阳性的原因。     

抗草甘膦转基因大豆PCR的检测

目的:建立快速、有效的鉴别转基因作物与非转基因作物及其产品的检测方法体系。方法:用抗草甘膦转基因大豆中的外源CaMV35S启动子和CP4-EPSPS基因引物,应用PCR方法,从中扩增出预期大小的DNA片段,将扩增产物回收后测序。结果:经同源性分析,扩增产物为CaMV35S启动子和CP4-EPSPS基因的一部分序列。结论:初步建立了转基因大豆的检测方法,同时讨论了PCR检测过程中假阴性和假阳性的原因。     

大豆深加工产品两种荧光定量PCR检测方法的比较研究

以内源基因Lectin作为内参照,根据RR大豆中外源基因CP4-EPSPS和内源基因Lectin设计TaqMan和SYBR GreenⅠ引物和荧光探针,使用定量PCR仪对大豆深加工产品中RR大豆的含量使用两种FQ-PCR方法进行定量检测,建立了RR大豆标准品CP4-EPSPS和Lectin之间的△Ct与样品中RR大豆含量百分比之间的校正曲线和线性回归方程,并对5种未知大豆深加工样品进行检测,同时比较二者的检测结果。结果表明,说明TaqMan和SYBR GreenⅠ两种FQ-PCR检测技术的检测结果可靠,且均可用于转基因深加工产品的检测。     

转基因大豆非同源对照模板QC-PCR检测方法的建立

建立了转基因大豆CP4EPSPS基因的非同源对照模板QC-PCR检测方法。非同源竞争对照构建方法如下:利用CP4EPSPS基因特异引物,以大肠杆菌基因组DNA为异源模板,在低严谨度PCR扩增,回收适宜DNA片段并克隆到pMD-8载体上。该片段与CP4EPSPS基因相应序列除两端引物序列完全相同外,其他部分没有同源性。     

CP4- EPSPS转基因蛋白的适体筛选与亲和性分析

目的:通过筛选获得CP4 - EPSPS转基因蛋白的最优适体,为应用于检测作准备.方法:体外合成长度为78个碱基的随机ssDNA文库,应用指数富集配基的系统进化(SELEX)技术,以CP4 - EPSPS转基因蛋白为靶目标进行15轮筛选,将筛选到的适体群进行克隆、测序,用DNAMAN软件对每个适体的保守序列和二级结构进行分析并应用生物素-抗地高辛碱性磷酸酶显色系统进行亲和性分析.结果:成功获得靶目标的最优适体,即D04号适体,结合率最高(2.2745)为最低的5.9倍.结论:筛选流程合理、可行,实验结果较理想.     

抗除草剂转基因大豆插入拷贝数及其旁侧序列分析

目的:确定抗除草剂转基因大豆外源基因拷贝数和其插入位点侧翼序列.方法:采用绝对定量PCR法测定转EPSPS基因大豆中外源基因拷贝数,内参照基因标准曲线选用大豆凝集素(Lectin)基因为标准品,外源基因标准曲线以含EPSPS基因的阳性质粒为标准品.采用基因组步移技术和巢式PCR方法确定抗除草剂转基因大豆插入位点旁侧序列.结果:抗除草剂转基因大豆外源基因的拷贝数为1.CaMV35S上游扩增887bp,NOS下游扩增1 340bp.结论:明确了EPSPS外源基因在转基因大豆中为单拷贝,转基因大豆插入位点附近大豆基因组发生了DNA重排.     

转基因抗草甘膦油菜的检测方法

目的:建立检测田间转基因抗草甘膦油菜的方法。方法:用CTAB法提取DNA,经PCR分别扩增内参基因BnACCg8,及抗草甘膦外源基因CP4-EPSPS、FMV 35S启动子和E9 3’终止子等4种基因的片段,以琼脂糖凝胶电泳对扩增产物进行分析比对。结果:抗草甘膦油菜中分别扩增出与外源基因FMV 35S启动子、E9 3’终止子和CP4-EPSPS大小一致的片段。结论:该方法能有效地用于转基因抗草甘膦油菜的检测。     

膨化对转基因豆粕CP4-EPSPS蛋白的影响

旨在研究转基因豆粕经挤压膨化后外源蛋白的变化规律.以CP4-EPSPS多克隆抗体和转基因含量为2％的大豆标准品作为材料,建立ELISA法定量检测抗草甘膦转基因大豆CP4-EPSPS蛋白的方法.结果表明,膨化豆粕中外源蛋白含量随着温度和含水率的升高逐渐降低,ELISA法检测低限达到0.25％,可以定量检测经过加工的转基因豆粕.     

抗草甘膦EPSPS基因的专利保护分析

抗草甘膦转基因作物是目前全球播种面积最大的转基因作物,抗草甘膦基因（EPSPS）的克隆、表达及其功能验证等也因此成为现代分子生物育种研究的重点,利用专利等知识产权保护措施将这些功能基因和转化技术转变成自己的独占产权是发达国家和生物技术公司普遍采取的发展策略。通过检索搜集全球范围内EPSPS基因的专利和转化品系信息,分析研究了EPSPS基因在全球的专利保护、核心技术专利分布与产业化运用状况。结果表明,近几年对EPSPS的专利申请量迅速增加,专利申请人主要集中在美国、法国、中国等国家,但是核心技术和产业化应用的绝大部分专利由孟山都、拜耳、先锋、先正达等跨国公司拥有,相关产业的发展主动权也由此被其掌控。     

核酸试纸条在检测转EPSPS基因作物中的应用

目的:建立快速、简便和特异的检测转EPSPS基因作物的方法。方法:针对转EPSPS基因作物外源基因cp4-EPSPS的8个区域,设计2对特异性引物和1对环引物,对反应体系中的MgSO4、内引物、环引物、甜菜碱、dNTP浓度和反应温度等条件分别进行优化,并用核酸试纸条对扩增产物进行检测,建立用于检测转EPSPS基因作物的环介导等温扩增方法(LAMP)。结果:用建立的LAMP方法检测转EPSPS基因作物时,在64℃恒温反应30 min,即可根据试纸条显色直接观察结果;该方法具有高度特异性,可检测到10个拷贝的EPSPS DNA。结论:LAMP方法可快速、灵敏、特异、经济地检测转EPSPS基因作物,在基层和实验室都具有良好的应用前景。     

转基因抗除草剂油菜对十字花科杂草的基因漂移

以转基因抗除草剂油菜Q3为花粉供体材料,油菜远缘杂草为花粉受体材料,在自然传粉和人工辅助授粉条件下研究甘蓝型油菜与十字花科杂草间的基因漂移频率。结果表明,以转基因油菜为父本,十字花科杂草荠菜、碎米荠、播娘蒿、诸葛菜、风花菜、遏蓝菜和菜为母本,杂交高度不亲和,基因漂移率为0 % ,无生态风险,但对野芥菜的基因漂移率高达0 .885 %。野芥菜是我国大部分地区的常见杂草,种类繁多,分布范围广,大面积种植转基因抗除草剂油菜对野生芥菜的基因污染应引起高度重视。     

转基因抗除草剂油菜对近缘作物的基因漂移

以转基因抗除草剂油菜 Q3和 HCN- 19为花粉供体材料 ,油菜近缘作物为花粉受体材料 ,在自然授粉条件下研究甘蓝型油菜与芸薹属近缘作物间的基因漂移频率。结果表明 ,油菜对芸薹属 6个种甘蓝、黑芥、埃芥、芥菜型油菜、白菜型油菜和甘蓝型油菜的基因漂移率分别为 0、0 .0 2 4 %～ 0 .2 4 3%、 0 .0 2 8%～ 0 .0 92 %、 0 .10 9%～ 0 .95 1%、 0 .4 79%～ 0 .879%、 1.2 5 2 %～2 .191%。且基因漂移频率受多种因素影响 ,其中与杂交亲和性、花期同步率、种植面积等高度相关。通过花粉将抗除草剂基因漂移给近缘作物 ,油菜是需要特别关注的作物     

Lack of glyphosate resistance gene transfer from Roundup Ready soybean to Bradyrhizobium japonicum under field and laboratory conditions

A field study was conducted at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center to determine the effect of transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean in combination with herbicide (Roundup) application on its endosymbiont Bradyrhizobium japonicum. DNA of bacteroids from isolated nodules was analysed for the presence of the transgenic 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4-EPSPS) DNA sequence using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To further assess the likelihood that the EPSPS gene may be transferred from the Roundup Ready (RR) soybean to B. japonicum, we have examined the natural transformation efficiency of B. japonicum strain 110spc4. Analyses of nodules showed the presence of the transgenic EPSPS DNA sequence. In bacteroids that were isolated from nodules of transgenic soybean plants and then cultivated in the presence of glyphosate this sequence could not be detected. This indicates that no stable horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of the EPSPS gene had occurred under field conditions. Under laboratory conditions, no natural transformation was detected in B. japonicum strain 110spc4 in the presence of various amounts of recombinant plasmid DNA. Our results indicate that no natural competence state exists in B. japonicum 110spc4. Results from field and laboratory studies indicate the lack of functional transfer of the CP4-EPSPS gene from glyphosate-tolerant soybean treated with glyphosate to root-associated B. japonicum.     

Apparent protein digestibility and recovery of endogenous nitrogen at the terminal ileum of pigs fed diets containing various soyabean products, peas or rapeseed hulls

Effects of the use of three different soyabean products (soya concentrate and two different soyabean meals), peas or rapeseed hulls in the diet on the apparent ileal digestibility of CP (N × 6.25) and recovery of ileal endogenous nitrogen (N) in weanling pigs were investigated. Ileal endogenous N was measured using the ¹⁵N-isotope dilution method. Thirteen castrated male pigs (BW of 12–23 kg) were fed maize starch-based diets containing either soya concentrate (SC), purified rapeseed hulls (pRH) and SC (SRH diet), soyabean meal (SBM), a mixture of toasted and untoasted soyabean meal (mSBM) or peas. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM) for the SC, SRH, SBM, mSBM and pea diets was 82.1, 74.3, 83.3, 80.0 and 74.9% (P < 0.05), respectively. The AID of CP for these diets was 82.4, 67.6, 81.6, 68.0 and 76.9% (P < 0.05), respectively. Similar differences in the AID for amino acids (AA) in the diets were found. The AID for CP and for the sum of AA in the pRH, as calculated by the difference between the SC and SRH diet, were 26 and 41%, respectively. For the SC, SRH, SBM, mSBM and pea diet, ileal recovery (g/kg of DM intake) for endogenous N were 2.79, 3.46, 2.73, 4.89 and 3.29 (P < 0.05), respectively, and for dietary N 1.16, 4.11, 1.64, 4.15 and 2.53 (P < 0.05), respectively. For the SC, SBM and mSBM diets, differences in AID of CP and AA were associated with differences in both the ileal recovery of endogenous N and the recovery of undigested dietary N. Differences in trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) of the soya products were likely associated with these observations. It was also concluded that fibre (Neutral Detergent Fibre; NDF) in pea could be at least in part responsible for the relatively low AID of CP and AA and the high recovery of ileal endogenous N in the pea diet. The low AID of CP and AA of pRH was likely related to the association of protein to the fibre matrix in the fibre-rich rapeseed hulls.     

Development of antibiotic marker-free creeping bentgrass resistance against herbicides

Herbicide-resistant creeping bentgrass plants (Agrostis stolonifera L.) without antibiotic-resistant markers were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Embryogenic callus tissues were infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105, harboring the bar and the CP4-EPSPS genes for bialaphos and glyphosate resistance. Phosphinothricin-resistant calli and plants were selected. Soil-grown plants were obtained at 14-16 weeks after transformation. Genetic transformation of the selected, regenerated plants was validated by PCR. Southern blot analysis revealed that at least one copy of the transgene was integrated into the genome of the transgenic plants. Transgene expression was confirmed by Northern blot. CP4-EPSPS protein was detected by ELISA. Transgenic plants remained green and healthy when sprayed with Basta, containing 0.5% glufosinate ammonium or glyphosate. The optimized Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method resulted in an average of 9.4% transgenic plants. The results of the present study suggest that the optimized marker-free technique could be used as an effective and reliable method for routine transformation, which may facilitate the development of varieties of new antibiotic-free grass species.     

Stable Transfection of GM1 Synthase Gene into GM1-Deficient NG108-15 Cells,CR-72 Cells,Rescues the Responsiveness of TRK-Neurotrophin Receptor to Its Ligand,NGF

Previous studies from this laboratory and others have suggested the evidences that acidic glycosphingolipid, ganglioside GM1 (GM1), is an endogenous regulator of high affinity nerve growth factor receptor, Trk, which is an essential factor for the normal development and differentiation of neuronal cells by forming a complex with Trk. The present study was aimed to examine whether Trk expressed in cells that are deficient in endogenous GM1 due to the mutation of GM1 synthase gene (NG-CR72 cells) is responsive to its ligand nerve growth factor and how genetic restoration of GM1 synthase gene by a stable transfection of the gene affects the function of the Trk protein. The data clearly showed that (1) confocal lazor microscopic studies disclosed NG-CR72 cells are really deficient in GM1, (2) stable transfection of GM1 synthase cDNA into these cells (NG-CR72G cells) restores the expression of GM1 in the cells, and (3) Trk protein is expressed in NG-CR72 cells but its location seemed not to be on the plasma membrane, whereas we clearly observed that the Trk protein is expressed on the plasma membrane in NG-CR72G cells. (4) NGF did not elicit the autophosphorylation of the Trk protein in GM1 deficient NG-CR72 cells but did elicit the activation of the Trk protein in NG-CR72G cells with an activation of mitogen activated protein kinase. These studies strongly suggested that GM1 is necessary for the normal expression of the Trk protein function and for normal targeting of the Trk protein to the plasma membrane.     

MDA技术在转基因检测中的研究与应用

PCR技术是转基因植物及其产品检测的主要方法,但是因为其对模板纯度和质量有较高要求,对于低质量模板难以获得稳定的检测结果。本研究利用MDA技术可将低至10 copies的微量DNA样品扩增至可用PCR方法稳定检出;进一步利用MDA技术对转基因玉米有证标准物质Bt11粉末的单颗粒痕量样品释出DNA进行扩增,结合PCR扩增检测,玉米粉末颗粒中内源参照基因的检出率达到70%以上,转基因特异性序列检出与内源参照基因检出的比值,与标准物质标称值基本相符,为建立基于MDA技术转基因植物及其产品粉末颗粒等痕量样品检测方法奠定了基础,同时也为加工产品中复合性状转基因作物的检测提供了潜在的解决方案。