中国伊菌蚊属五新种记述(双翅目：菌蚊科)

报道了中国伊菌蚊属5新种和1新纪录种,绘制了雄性外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存在浙江林学院昆虫标本室。该属为中国新纪录属。 缺凹伊菌蚊,新种Exechia accisa sp. nov.　(图1～2) 　　雄　翅长2.3?mm。新种与广布于欧洲的E. maculipennis (Stannius, 1831)相似,但后者的尾须和生殖刺腹突的构造明显不同。正模♂,甘肃宕昌,1980-08-11, 杨集昆采。 长白伊菌蚊,新种Exechia changbaiensis sp. nov.　(图3～4) 　　雄　翅长3.2?mm。新种与欧洲广布的E.cincta Winnertz, 1863相近似,但后者的生殖刺突构造不同。正模♂,吉林长白山岳桦林,1985-08-24,杨集昆采。 国后伊菌蚊Exechia kunashirensis Zaitzev, 1996 　　中国新纪录。 　　标本记录：1♂,山西文水关帝山,1981-08-02,杨集昆采;1♂,贵州贵阳贵州省林业科学研究所,1987-08-29,杨集昆采。分布：山西,贵州;千岛群岛。 黑色伊菌蚊,新种Exechia melasa sp. nov.　(图5～6) 　　雄　翅长2.6?mm。新种与广布于欧洲的E.pseudocincta Strobl, 1910相似,但后者的生殖刺突末端无黑褐色粗齿。正模♂,浙江德清莫干山,1992-04-18,吴鸿采。 四枝伊菌蚊,新种Exechia quadriclema sp. nov.　(图7～9) 　　雄　翅长1.9～2.5?mm。新种与分布于加那利群岛的E.fulva Santos Abreu, 1920 相似,但后者个体较大(翅长2.9?mm以上),触角鞭节长为宽的1.5倍,生殖刺突各分支末端无粗黑鬃或刺。正模♂,浙江开化古田山,1992-07-17, 陈学新采。副模5♂♂：4♂♂, 浙江开化古田山,1992-07-17～25,吴鸿采; 1♂,浙江庆元百山祖,1993-10-23, 吴鸿采。 薄片伊菌蚊,新种Exechia tomosa sp. nov.　(图10～11) 　　雄　翅长3.9?mm。新种与分布于美国的E. pollex Shaw, 1935相似,但后者的生殖刺背突端部渐尖,末端双尖形。正模♂,浙江安吉龙王山,1996-05-13,吴鸿采。     

中国伊菌蚊属五新种记棕（双翅目：菌蚊科）

报道了中国伊菌蚊属5新种和1新纪录种,绘制了雄性外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存在浙江林学院昆虫标本室。该属为中国新纪录属。缺凹伊菌坟,新种Exechia accisa sp.nov.（图1－2） 雄翅长2.3mm。新种与广布于欧洲的E.maculipennis(Stannius,1831）相似,但后者的尾须和生殖刺腹突的构造明显不同,正模♂,甘肃宕昌,1980－08－11,杨昆采。长白伊菌蚊,新种Exechia changbaiensis sp.nov.（图3－4）雄翅长3.2mm。新种与欧洲广布的E.cincta Winnertz,1863相近似,但后者的生殖刺突构造不同。正模♂,吉林长白山岳桦林,1985－08－24,杨集昆采。国后伊菌蚊Exechia kunashirensis Zaitzev,1996中国新记录。标本记录：1♂,山西文水关帝山,1981－08－02,杨集昆采;1♂,贵州贵阳贵州省林业科学研究所,1987－08－29,杨集昆采。分布：山西,贵州;千岛群岛。黑色伊菌蚊,。新种Exechia melasa sp.nov.(图5－6）雄翅长2.6mm。新种与广布于欧洲的E.pseudocincat Strobl,1910相似,但后翥 的生殖刺突末端无黑褐色粗具,正模♂,浙江德清莫干山,1992－04－18,吴鸿采。四枝伊菌蚊,新种Exechia quadriclema sp.nov.（图7－9）雄翅长1.9-2.5mm。新种与分布于加那利群岛的E.fulva Santos Abreu,1920相似,但后者个体较大（翅长2.9mm以上）,触角鞭节长为宽的1.5倍,生殖刺突各分支末端无粗黑鬃或刺。正模♂,浙江开化古田山,1992－07－17,陈学新采。副模5♂♂：4♂♂,浙江开化古田山,1992－07－17－25,吴鸿采;1♂,浙江庆元百山祖,1993－10－23,吴鸿采。薄片伊菌蚊,新种Exechia tomosa sp.nov.（图10－11）雄翅长3.9mm。新种与分布于美国的E.pollex Shaw,1935相似,但后者的生殖刺背突端部渐尖,末端双尖形,正模♂,浙江安吉龙王山,1996－05－13,吴鸿采。     

中国隆菌蚊属三新种记述(双翅目:菌蚊科)

本文记述中国隆菌蚊属Rondaniella Johannsen3新种,模式标本保存在浙江林学院昆虫标本室。1.古田山隆菌蚊Rondaniella gutianshanana Yu et Wu,新种(图1~2)雄:翅长2.0mm。新种与盾形隆菌蚊R.aspidoida Yu et Wu,2004相似,但新种生殖刺腹突上支近棱柱形,生殖突基肢节叶突具叶状附属物。正模:♂,浙江开化古田山,1992-Ⅶ-25,吴鸿采,编号931984。2.简单隆菌蚊Rondaniella simplex Yu et Wu,新种(图3~4)雄:翅长2.2~2.5mm。新种与盾形隆菌蚊R.aspidoida Yu et Wu,2004相似,但新种生殖刺腹突结构简单,少分支,生殖刺腹突上支具柱状棘,且其下方多粗长毛。正模:♂,浙江庆元百山祖,1994-Ⅳ-21,吴鸿采,编号940348。副模:1♂,浙江庆元百山祖,1994-Ⅳ-22,吴鸿采,编号940296。3.爪突隆菌蚊Rondaniella unguiculata Yu et Wu,新种(图5~6)雄:翅长1.99~2.21mm。新种与欧洲种R.dimidiata Meigen,1804相似,但新种的生殖刺腹突具爪状分支。正模:♂,浙江临安天目山,500m,1998-Ⅶ-14,吴鸿采,编号981977。副模:1♂,浙江开化古田山,1992-Ⅹ-29,吴鸿采,编号931545;1♂,浙江开化古田山,1992-Ⅹ-29,邓一飞采,编号931785;1♂,浙江庆元百山祖,1994-Ⅴ-10,吴鸿采,编号940790;1♂,福建武夷山,1989-Ⅷ,汪家社采,编号910298。     

中国新记录属——乌菌蚊属及一新种记述（双翅目：扁角菌蚊科）

报道中国扁角菌蚊科1新记录属——乌菌蚊属Urytalpa Edwards,1929,并记述1新种：簇毛乌菌蚊U.bartata Caoet Zhou,sp．nov．,模式标本保存在浙江林学院昆虫标本室。 簇毛乌菌蚊Urytalpa barbata Caoel Zhou,新种（图1～4） 雄：体长4．1mm,翅长3．4mm。 本新种与分布于日本的U.crassicauda Uesugi,2004相似,但新种C脉略超过R5脉端至M1脉端距离之半,而U.crassicauda的C脉仅略超过R5脉端;新种Sc脉未达Rs脉基部,而U.crassicauda的Sc脉远超过Rs脉基部。另外,新种第8腹板端部中央有1卵圆形毛斑及第9背板端两侧各具1伸向腹面的长突起等特征也与该属内其它种有显著差异。 正模：♂,浙江泰顺乌岩岭,2005-V-27,王义平采自马氏诱捕器。副模：1♂,浙江庆元百山祖,1994-Ⅳ-21,吴鸿采;1♂,贵州江口梵净山,1988-Ⅴ-15,王象贤采。词源：新种学名意指其第8腹板端部中间着1簇紧密刚毛。     

中国短菌蚊属一新种记述（双翅目：菌蚊科）

雄翅长2．4－2．7mm。本种与分布于美国的Brevicornu affinis Zaitzev ,1988近似，但后者的胫节毛序不同，生殖基节后中央的构造也明显不同，可以区别。     

全带瘿蚊属分类学研究及中国一新种记述(双翅目,瘿蚊科)

对全带瘿蚊属Holobremia Kieffer的属征进行修订,编写该属世界分种检索表(雄性),并记述采自云南景东无量山的该属1新种,命名为双突全带瘿蚊Holobremia biprominens sp.nov.,模式标本保存在南开大学昆虫标本馆。双突全带瘿蚊,新种Holobremia biprominens sp.nov.(图1～7)新种与分布于印度的Holobremia cylindrica Kashyap,1987在雄外生殖器的中基瓣及触角未节等特征相似,但区别明显:1)新种阳茎近端部1/8处背面两侧具1对骨化强的伸向端部的角状突,而H.cylindrica无此角状突;2)新种的尾须凹入较深窄,形成两瓣,每瓣长度是其中部宽的1.5～1.6倍;而H.cylindrica尾须中部凹入略宽浅,每瓣长度是其中部宽的1.0～1.1倍。正模♂,云南景东无量山漫湾(24.4°N,100.8°E),海拔2200m,2001-05-29,李军采自蜘蛛网;副模:49♂♂,同正模。模式标本保存在南开大学生命科学学院昆虫标本馆。词源:种名biprominens为一阴性复合拉丁形容词,意为"双突起的",指该种阳茎近端部背面有一对...     

中国根瘿蚊属新纪录及两新种记述(双翅目,瘿蚊科)

对根瘿蚊属Rhizomyia Kieffer的属征进行修订,并记述采自云南、贵州、海南和福建的该属两新种,分别命名为细叉根瘿蚊Rhizomyia leptodicrata sp.nov.和新月根瘿蚊Rhizomyia meniscata sp.nov..模式标本保存于南开大学昆虫标本馆.细叉根瘿蚊,新种R阮脚驴h卸todicrata sp.nov.(图1～5,9～13)新种与分布于俄罗斯的俄根瘿蚊R.rossica Mamaev&Zaitzev和塔根瘿蚊兄turr~ormis Fedotova&Sidorenko以及分布中国的新月根瘿蚊Rhiwmyiz meniscata sp.nov.在雄性成虫阳茎上的特征相似,但区别明显:新种雄性成虫阳茎端部具两个细长的尖锐突起,而R.觚豇∞雄性成虫阳茎端部具两个圆突,R.turnformis雄性成虫阳茎端部具两个分叉状的突起,R.meniscata雄性成虫阳茎端部具两个角状尖突.正模♂,云南普洱(思茅)菜阳河保护区(22.48°N,100.58°E;海拔1500m),2002-05-17,卜文俊马氏网捕.副模:1♂,同正模;4♂ ♂,云南普洱(思茅)菜阳河保护区倮倮新寨山(22.48°N,100.58°E),2002-05-23,其它同正模.词源:新种种名leptodicrata为一阴性复合拉丁形容词,意为“细长分叉的”,指该种雄性成虫阳茎端部呈细长分叉状.新月根瘿蚊,新种R阮z埘秒谊meniscata sp.nov.(图6～8,14 ～18)新种与近似种区别如上.正模♂,贵州梵净山(27.5°N,108.4°E;海拔1 350 m),2002-05-29,王新谱马氏网捕.副模:1 ♂,海南坝王岭(19°N,109°E;海拔900 m),1988-05-10,卜文俊灯诱;1♂,福建武夷山桐木七里桥(27.7°N,117.6°E;海拔1000 m),1993-04-30,卜文俊捕.词源:新种种名meniscata为一阴性拉丁形容词,意为“新月形的”,指该种雄性成虫阳茎端部背腹向呈新月形.     

浙江龙王山滑菌蚊三新种 (双翅目：菌蚊科)

 报道浙江省龙王山自然保护区滑菌蚊属Leia三新种： 针尾滑菌蚊L.aculeolusa sp.nov.,长尾滑菌蚊L.ampulliforma sp.nov.和龙王山 滑菌蚊L.longwangshana sp.nov.。模式标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

浙江蚊蝎蛉属一新种(长翅目,蚊蝎蛉科)

记述了产于中国浙江的蚊蝎蛉属Bittacus Latreille,1805 1新种,浙江蚊蝎蛉Bittacus zhejiangicus sp.nov.,提供了雄性正模成虫的整体照片,绘制了雄性和雌性外生殖器特征图。新种与中华蚊蝎蛉Bittacus sinensis Walker和天目山蚊蝎蛉B.tienmushana Cheng相似,但根据羽状触角,翅Av脉存在,前足腿节明显黑褐色,雄性上生殖瓣基部下缘大的耳状突起,载肛突末端有1小突起,突起上有1束长毛,生殖肢端节不具突起等特征容易区分。正模♂,采于浙江凤阳山七星潭;副模: 1♀,采于浙江泰顺乌岩岭; 1 ♂,采于浙江庆元百山祖。模式标本分存于西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆[NWAU]和上海昆虫博物馆[SHEM]。     

NEW SPECIES OF AMBLYPSILOPUS AND CONDYLOSTYLUS FROM GUANGXI, CHINA ( DIPTERA, DOLICHOPODIDAE)

记述模式产地来自广西南宁大明山的长足虻科3新种.新种模式标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫博物馆.1褐端雅长足虻,新种Ambiypsilopus apicalis sp.nov.(图1)鉴别特征跗节末端暗褐色,尾须端部扩大,背侧突分三叉.正模♂,广西南宁大明山,2011-05-24,张婷婷采.副模:4 ♂ ♂,3 ♀♀,同正模.词源:新种种名意指跗节末端暗褐色.2指端雅长足虻,新种Amblypsilopus digitatus sp.nov.(图2)鉴别特征触角黄色且梗节暗褐色,前足端跗节具特化侧毛,尾须近指状.正模♂,广西南宁大明山,2011-05-24,张婷婷采.词源:新种种名意指尾须端指状.3大明山毛瘤长足虻,新种Condylastylus damingshanus sp.nov.(图3～4)鉴别特征后足腿节端部浅黑色,尾须很长,几乎伸达腹基部.正模♂,广西南宁大明山,2011-05-29,张婷婷采.副模:13♂♂,1 ♀,同正模.词源:新种种名意指模式产地大明山.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.