共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Javier?Caraveo-Pati?o "author-information "> "author-information__contact u-icon-before "> "mailto:jcaraveo@cibnor.mx " title= "jcaraveo@cibnor.mx " itemprop= "email " data-track= "click " data-track-action= "Email author " data-track-label= " ">Email author Luis?A.?Soto 《Hydrobiologia》2005,539(1):99-104
This work investigated the feeding ecology and behaviour of gray whales in Bahía Magdalena. Underwater observations of bottom feeding were made (n=4). Skin biopsies of the gray whale had a carbon isotope value of –16.5 ± 0.1 (range from –16.4 to –16.7, n=7). Prey in Bahía Magdalena had a carbon isotope value of –18.4. Dietary enrichment from prey in Bahía Magdalena would correspond to 2 ± 0.1, whereas previously published results for prey in Alaska would result in an enrichment of 3, which suggests that whales were more likely feeding on prey from Bahía Magdalena. Carbon isotopic oscillation along the baleen plate of a stranded 1-year-old whale showed a variation in diet during the year, which suggests continual feeding during this time and corresponding to dietary sample measurements from Bahía Magdalena in winter and Alaska in summer. 相似文献
2.
Invasive fish species impact aquatic ecosystems and modify native communities, often leading to a decline in local species. These ecological impacts include the transmission of pathogens, predation, competition as well as hybridization. Two invasive fish species, the common bleak Alburnus alburnus and the topmouth gudgeon Pseudorabora parva, have both been recently found co-occurring in several regions of southern Europe, such as the Italian Arno River. Nonetheless, the trophic relationships among invasive fish species, especially cyprinids, remain poorly understood, and no studies have reported the trophic interaction between these two species. This study compared length–weight relationship and used stomach content and stable isotope analysis of two co-occurring populations in the Arno River to characterize the growth and overlap of potential trophic niches. It also found similar allometric growth in both species, a wider generalist trophic niche for P. parva and a more specialized niche for A. alburnus. A considerable niche overlap was found, suggesting that feeding competition can occur if resources were to be limited. Moreover, the niche of P. parva was more likely to overlap with that of A. alburnus than vice versa, suggesting that P. parva can be considered as a potential over competitor. Nonetheless, the authors found in the overlapping populations no evidence of realized competition, probably avoided through a combination of fine-scale mechanisms. They also highlighted that these two invasive species can co-exist and share resources, at least in an open ecosystem like a river, thus potentially doubling up their trophic impact on local communities. 相似文献
3.
In marine ecosystems, the study of trophic relationships has extensively benefited from the development of stable isotope analyses (SIA) as dietary tracers. SIA are particularly useful in elucidating the structure of deep sea food webs given the constraints involved in obtaining gut‐content data from deep trawling. We used carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses and Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R (SIBER) and Stable Isotope Analysis in R (SIAR) routines, to determine the trophic ecology of five deep‐sea fishes from the upper continental slope of the Celtic Sea. SIA made it possible to deduce some general tendencies in food‐web structure and species trophic interactions and confirmed diet determined by gut‐content analysis for the same species, in other ecoregions. More specifically, mixing models revealed that the deep sea species considered are omnivorous and are able to feed on all the sampled taxa. Based on isotopic ratio, no clear differences in fish diet could be detected from one species to another except for rabbit fish, which has benthic affinities. Three species, blackbelly rosefish, greater forkbeard and softhead grenadier showed overlapping isotopic niches. This study is the first attempt to describe the trophic ecology of deep sea species on the Celtic Sea upper continental slope. In the context of the development of ecosystem integrated modeling approaches for managing fisheries in the Celtic sea, and considering the vulnerability of deep‐water species, improving the knowledge on the trophic ecology of these local species is of importance in order to allow their sustainable exploitation. 相似文献
4.
Karla Martins Latifa Pelage Anne K. S. Justino Flavia Lucena Frédou Teodoro Vaske Júnior François Le Loc'h Paulo Travassos 《Journal of fish biology》2021,99(5):1576-1590
The objective of this study was to analyse the feeding habits and trophic interactions between four oceanic predatory fish around the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FNA), Brazil, in the western equatorial Atlantic (3.86°S/32.42°W), internationally recognized as an environment of high economic and ecological value. For this purpose, biological samples of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri), barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) and dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) were collected for stomach content and stable isotope analysis. Values of the index of relative importance revealed varied diets, with a strong presence of teleost fishes (Diodontidae and Exocoetidae) for all species, with yellowfin tuna having a greater diversity of food items. Despite being generalists/opportunists, the feeding strategy of these predators showed a tendency towards a specialized diet in the use of the available resources around the FNA. They presented a narrow trophic niche width (Levin's index, Bi < 0.6) and low overlap between species, except between barracuda and wahoo (MacArthur and Levin's, R0 = 0.72). Isotopic compositions had broad values of δ13C and δ15N, and were significantly different between species. Our results provide information about the four species' trophic organization and suggest that the predators avoid competition by preying on different prey, thus allowing their coexistence. 相似文献
5.
Michael Power Geoffrey Power Francçois Caron Richard R. Doucett Karin R.A. Guiguer 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2002,64(1-3):75-85
Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, and brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis, inhabiting three lakes in the de la Trinité River and adjacent watershed, north shore, Gulf of St. Lawrence, were sampled in 1998. Arctic charr growth differed among lakes with the smallest fish coming from the largest lake. Arctic charr weight–length equation exponents were almost identical at all sample sites. Brook charr growth was also similar in all lakes. July stomach samples from Arctic charr consisted almost entirely of cladocerans in the largest lake, less so in the intermediate sized lake and were mostly aquatic insects in the smallest lake. Brook charr stomach contents were more varied and included fish. Carbon, nitrogen and sulphur stable isotope analyses (SIA) were used to provide a spatially and temporally integrated image of charr diets. SIA corroborated observed among-lake differences and similarities in species diets and suggested lake morphometry may influence measured results. The 15N signature in brook charr muscle increased with fork-length, as a result of a shift towards piscivory with size. The 15N signature in Arctic charr muscle tissue showed a significant negative correlation with fork-length in two of the studied lakes that appears related to dietary niche shifts. Results demonstrate the ability of SIA to detect dietary shifts otherwise unobservable from standard gut content analysis. 相似文献
6.
Myotomal slow-oxidative muscle (SM) powers continuous swimming and generates heat needed to maintain elevated locomotor muscle temperatures (regional endothermy) in tunas. This study describes how the amount and distribution of myotomal SM increases with fish size and age in juvenile yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares in relationship to the development of regional endothermy. In T. albacares juveniles 40–74 mm fork length (LF; n = 23) raised from fertilised eggs at the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission Achotines Laboratory in Panama and larger juveniles (118–344 mm LF; n = 5) collected by hook and line off of Oahu, Hawaii, USA, SM was identified by histochemical staining for the mitochondrial enzyme succinic dehydrogenase or by colour (in the two largest individuals). The cross-sectional area of myotomal SM at 60% LF, a position with maximal percentage of SM in larger T. albacares, increased exponentially with LF. The percentage of total cross-sectional area composed of SM at 60% LF increased significantly with both LF and age, suggesting that SM growth occurs throughout the size range of T. albacares juveniles studied. In addition, the percentage of SM at 60% LF that is medial increased asymptotically with LF. The increases in amount of SM and medial SM, along with the development of the counter-current heat-exchanger blood vessels that retain heat, allow larger tuna juveniles to maintain elevated and relatively stable SM temperatures, facilitating range expansion into cooler waters. 相似文献
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The functional significance of finlets on the steady swimming performance of yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares was evaluated by measuring the speed and tail‐beat frequency of the fish with and without them. It was hypothesized that if finlets do improve swimming performance, fish without finlets would have to work harder to maintain the same swimming speed as fish with them and that this would be reflected in kinematic differences. Two‐way ANOVA showed significant effects between individuals on speed (d.f. = 5 and 228, P < 0·001) and tail‐beat frequency (d.f. = 5 and 48, P < 0·001), but no significant effects of treatment on speed (d.f. = 1 and 228, P = 0·25) and tail‐beat frequency (d.f. = 1 and 48, P > 0·1). No interaction effects on speed (d.f. = 5 and 228, P > 0·1) and tail‐beat frequency (d.f. = 5 and 48, P > 0·25) were found. This suggested that finlets were unlikely to function as significant drag reduction and thrust enhancing devices in routine steady swimming. Though not statistically significant, small percentage differences between the mean swimming speeds and tail‐beat frequency of the untreated and treated groups (fish with and without finlets respectively) of the order of 0·5% may be meaningful over the life of a fish. Also, finlets may improve performance at high sustained speeds in rapid accelerations and turns. 相似文献
9.
稳定同位素作为一种天然的示踪物,应用十分广泛,其在水域生态学中的应用也日益受到重视。生物同位素组成总是与其食物同位素组成相一致,能随食物的改变而相应地发生改变,是生物生存状况的理想指示物,为水域生态系统食物网结构与功能、物质流与能量流的研究提供了有力的技术支撑。在综评稳定同位素技术原理与方法的基础上,较为详细地对其应用于水域生态研究的理论基础与进展进行了总结。该方法的应用以水域中生产者同位素组成差异为前提,主要涉及确定食物来源、食物的贡献比例、营养级的确定、食物网结构的构建及鱼类等水生生物的洄游及迁移路线等方面,这些研究对了解生态系统的动态变化与外界环境对其影响具有重要意义。并对我国此类研究的前景和存在问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
10.
An ecological niche has been defined as an n‐dimensional hypervolume formed by conditions and resources that species need to survive, grow, and reproduce. In practice, such niche dimensions are measurable and describe how species share resources, which has been thought to be a crucial mechanism for coexistence and a major driver of broad biodiversity patterns. Here, we investigate resource partitioning and trophic interactions of three sympatric, phylogenetically related and morphologically similar species of thrushes (Turdus spp.). Based on one year of data collected in southern Brazil, we investigated niche partitioning using three approaches: diet and trophic niche assessed by fecal analysis, diet and niche estimated by stable isotopes in blood and mixing models, and bipartite network analysis derived from direct diet and mixing model outputs. Approaches revealed that the three sympatric thrushes are generalists that feed on similar diets, demonstrating high niche overlap. Fruits from C3 plants were one of the most important food items in their networks, with wide links connecting the three thrush species. Turdus amaurochalinus and T. albicollis had the greatest trophic and isotopic niche overlap, with 90% and 20% overlap, respectively. There was partitioning of key resources between these two species, with a shared preference for fig tree fruits—Ficus cestrifolia (T. amaurochalinus PSIRI% = 11.3 and T. albicollis = 11.5), which was not present in the diet of T. rufiventris. Results added a new approach to the network analysis based on values from the stable isotope mixing models, allowing comparisons between traditional dietary analysis and diet inferred by isotopic mixing models, which reflects food items effectively assimilated in consumer tissues. Both are visualized in bipartite networks and show food‐consumers link strengths. This approach could be useful to other studies using stable isotopes coupled to network analysis, particularly useful in sympatric species with similar niches. 相似文献
11.
This study examined the population structure, reproductive cycle and feeding pattern of the lanternfish Lampanyctus crocodilus in the Balearic Basin (north‐west Mediterranean Sea) from a depth of 450 to 1800 m and at a seasonal scale. Juveniles were mainly located at shallower depths, but also at deepest stations in autumn, while adults mostly inhabited intermediate depths with their centre of population density (CPD) located at 800–1000 m of depth. The migration of adults to deeper depths was detected in late summer to autumn, probably linked to the occurrence of nepheloid layers at c. 1200 m, which in turn enhances the biomass of the zooplankton prey. The diet was mainly based on euphausiids and mysids, with marked seasonal variations both on the upper (450–800 m) and lower (1000–1800 m), where suprabenthic gammariids and pelagic decapods were also dominant. Stomach fullness increased from winter to autumn on the US, while it had a maximum in spring on the LS, in parallel with high consumption of gelatinous zooplankton, which is probably more available after the phytoplankton bloom in late winter. Reproduction occurred in winter, confirmed by the higher percentage of mature females and high gonadosomatic indices (IG) at both depth ranges. Hepatosomatic indices (IH) showed an inverse trend to IG on the US, except in autumn, and was almost parallel on the LS, probably attributable to the migration of adults, which determined different temporal schemes in energy use and storage for reproduction on the US v. LS. Consistent with the different patterns observed at the two depth ranges, environmental drivers of fullness (i.e. feeding intensity) and IG (as a proxy of reproductive cycle) differed on the US and LS. The biomass of mysids and euphausiids was the greatest explanatory variables of fullness on the US and LS, pointing to the increasing feeding intensity when a resource was more available. IH also explained fullness, suggesting that greater feeding intensity in pre‐reproductive periods enabled energy storage in the liver. IG was linked directly (i.e. mysids) or indirectly (i.e. surface primary production recorded 2 months before sampling) to food availability, implying a rapid response to vertical food inputs by deep‐sea predators. Also, IG in L. crocodilus was related to population density, which suggests aggregations for reproduction. Estimates of L. crocodilus trophic levels, and of other accompanying mesopelagic fishes, indicated that the species feed through a continuum spanning the third trophic level, confirming the key role of mesopelagic fishes in transferring organic carbon between trophic levels. Trophic niche segregation among mesopelagic species was pronounced and non‐overlapping groups could be distinguished because of the different vertical distribution and migratory behaviour. The study highlights the important role of the benthic boundary layer in sustaining benthopelagic communities in the deep Mediterranean Sea and the need to study the biology of a species throughout its whole depth range and not just at exploited depths (i.e. fishing grounds). 相似文献
12.
蓝圆鲹是浙江南部近海的重要经济鱼类。本文根据2020年5月、8月、11月和2021年1月在浙江南部近海进行的底拖网调查,应用胃含物分析和碳氮稳定同位素分析对浙江南部近海蓝圆鲹的摄食习性进行研究。结果表明: 浙江南部近海蓝圆鲹δ13C平均值为(-16.55±0.60)‰,范围为-17.76‰～-15.25‰,与叉长呈显著负相关;蓝圆鲹δ15N平均值为(11.76±0.88)‰,范围为9.06‰～13.03‰,与叉长呈显著正相关。根据δ15N值计算浙江南部近海蓝圆鲹的平均营养级为3.89±0.26。胃含物分析表明,浙江南部近海蓝圆鲹的主要饵料类群为鱼类、虾类、蟹类、头足类、多毛类和小型甲壳类。稳定同位素分析表明,虾类对浙江南部近海蓝圆鲹的营养贡献率最高(40%～84%),其次为多毛类、小型甲壳类、蟹类、头足类和鱼类。蓝圆鲹的摄食习性有明显的生长变化,随着蓝圆鲹叉长的增加,其倾向于摄食更高营养级的饵料生物。 相似文献
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Aaron B. Carlisle Kenneth J. Goldman Steven Y. Litvin Daniel J. Madigan Jennifer S. Bigman Alan M. Swithenbank Thomas C. Kline Jr Barbara A. Block 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2015,282(1799)
Ontogenetic changes in habitat are driven by shifting life-history requirements and play an important role in population dynamics. However, large portions of the life history of many pelagic species are still poorly understood or unknown. We used a novel combination of stable isotope analysis of vertebral annuli, Bayesian mixing models, isoscapes and electronic tag data to reconstruct ontogenetic patterns of habitat and resource use in a pelagic apex predator, the salmon shark (Lamna ditropis). Results identified the North Pacific Transition Zone as the major nursery area for salmon sharks and revealed an ontogenetic shift around the age of maturity from oceanic to increased use of neritic habitats. The nursery habitat may reflect trade-offs between prey availability, predation pressure and thermal constraints on juvenile endothermic sharks. The ontogenetic shift in habitat coincided with a reduction of isotopic niche, possibly reflecting specialization upon particular prey or habitats. Using tagging data to inform Bayesian isotopic mixing models revealed that adult sharks primarily use neritic habitats of Alaska yet receive a trophic subsidy from oceanic habitats. Integrating the multiple methods used here provides a powerful approach to retrospectively study the ecology and life history of migratory species throughout their ontogeny. 相似文献
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S. Watanabe† T. Isshiki‡ T. Kudo‡ A. Yamada‡ S. Katayama M. Fukuda§ 《Journal of fish biology》2006,68(4):1192-1205
Release‐recapture experiments were conducted to examine temporal changes of the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) ratios in the muscle tissue of artificially produced Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, juveniles. About 9000 juveniles (mean ± s .d . 43·3 ± 5·2 mm in standard length and 1·07 ± 0·37 g, n = 15) were released in each of three coastal areas: Chojagasaki, Arasaki and Jogashima with different geographical conditions, along Sagami Bay, Pacific coast of central Japan. Recapture efforts were made on 4, 11, 18, 40 and 55 days after the release. The stable isotope ratios, RNA:DNA ratio, stomach content mass (per body mass Msc) and condition factor (K) of recaptured individuals were measured. The mean ± s .d . δ13C and δ15N values (n = 15) were ?18·3 ± 0·2‰ and 12·2 ± 0·2‰, respectively at the release. Wild Japanese flounder juveniles were captured only in Chojagasaki, and the δ13C and δ15N values (n = 6) were ?14·0 ± 0·4‰ and 13·2 ± 0·7‰, respectively; these values were considered to represent the wild diet. Nutritional conditions of the released and recaptured juveniles as determined by the RNA : DNA ratio, MSC and K were indicated to be the best in Chojagasaki, in which the stable isotope ratios gradually shifted towards and reached the wild values within 40 days. This result along with stomach content analyses suggested that the released juveniles had acquired a wild feeding habit. In Arasaki and Jogashima, nutritional conditions of the recaptured juveniles were poorer, with no clear changes in the stable isotope ratios. Greatly varied stable isotope ratio values were observed in the juveniles recaptured in Chojagasaki 11 days after the release, ranging from the release levels to the wild levels. The extent of changes in the stable isotope ratios had a positive correlation to the RNA : DNA ratio and K of these juveniles (r = 0·87, n = 10 and r = 0·83, n = 18, respectively). The analyses of stable isotope ratios coupled with nutritional condition were considered to be an effective tool to examine post‐release feeding adaptation of Japanese flounder juveniles. 相似文献
17.
Enriched δ13 C values (annual average – 11.2‰) suggest that in the study site (Stagnone di Marsala, Italy) the sand smelt Atherina boyeri exploited benthic prey throughout the year. In particular, Mysidacea and Isopoda seemed to dominate the diet. Stomach content data from the literature was in partial agreement with the present isotopic analysis suggesting that, while Mysidacea and Isopoda are exploited by A. boyeri , Copepoda Harpacticoida and Amphipoda are the dominant food items of the sand smelt diet. Several hypotheses are proposed to explain such partially different results from the two techniques. Both season and size influenced the δ13 C and δ15 N values of A. boyeri . Although throughout the sampling year, A. boyeri showed very enriched δ13 C and δ15 N values consistent with a diet based on benthic resources, it showed significant seasonal differences in both nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios. Such a finding suggests that the food preferences of A. boyeri undergo small seasonal differences, probably as a consequence of prey availability. Size also affected the isotopic composition of the sand-smelt indicating that this species shows ontogenetic diet shifts in the study site. Compared with other Mediterranean trophic data of the sand smelt these results substantiate the great adaptability of A. boyeri to the local environmental resources and its trophic plasticity. 相似文献
18.
Anne Lorrain Heidi Pethybridge Nicolas Cassar Aurore Receveur Valrie Allain Nathalie Bodin Laurent Bopp C. Anela Choy Leanne Duffy Brian Fry Nicolas Goi Brittany S. Graham Alistair J. Hobday John M. Logan Frederic Mnard Christophe E. Menkes Robert J. Olson Dan E. Pagendam David Point Andrew T. Revill Christopher J. Somes Jock W. Young 《Global Change Biology》2020,26(2):458-470
Considerable uncertainty remains over how increasing atmospheric CO2 and anthropogenic climate changes are affecting open‐ocean marine ecosystems from phytoplankton to top predators. Biological time series data are thus urgently needed for the world's oceans. Here, we use the carbon stable isotope composition of tuna to provide a first insight into the existence of global trends in complex ecosystem dynamics and changes in the oceanic carbon cycle. From 2000 to 2015, considerable declines in δ13C values of 0.8‰–2.5‰ were observed across three tuna species sampled globally, with more substantial changes in the Pacific Ocean compared to the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Tuna recorded not only the Suess effect, that is, fossil fuel‐derived and isotopically light carbon being incorporated into marine ecosystems, but also recorded profound changes at the base of marine food webs. We suggest a global shift in phytoplankton community structure, for example, a reduction in 13C‐rich phytoplankton such as diatoms, and/or a change in phytoplankton physiology during this period, although this does not rule out other concomitant changes at higher levels in the food webs. Our study establishes tuna δ13C values as a candidate essential ocean variable to assess complex ecosystem responses to climate change at regional to global scales and over decadal timescales. Finally, this time series will be invaluable in calibrating and validating global earth system models to project changes in marine biota. 相似文献
19.
Walter D. Koenig Douglas J. Schaefer Stefania Mambelli Todd E. Dawson 《Journal of Field Ornithology》2008,79(3):280-285
ABSTRACT The diet of Acorn Woodpeckers (Melanerpes formicivorus) in central coastal California consists of a mixture of high‐quality (insects) and low‐quality (stored acorns) food during the spring breeding season. We used stable isotope ratios obtained from blood samples to estimate possible differences in the proportion of these items being fed to nestlings and being consumed by breeding adults, as well as the extent to which the diet of nestlings shifts between insects and acorns during the nestling period. Based on both feeding observations and items recovered from nestlings, older nestlings were fed 28% acorns. Using this value as a baseline for the isotope analyses, the diet of breeding adults was estimated to consist of 90% acorns. Based on repeated samples from the same nestlings over time, the estimated proportion of acorns in their diet increased from 19% in 9‐ to 12‐d‐old nestlings to 42% in 23‐ to 26‐d‐old nestlings. There was a significant correlation between the isotope values of adults and the nestlings they fed, indicating that different groups of Acorn Woodpeckers have significantly different diets. Although important for successful reproduction in this species, stored acorns are not the primary food resource used to feed young. Instead, the availability of stored acorns allows adult Acorn Woodpeckers to provide nestlings with more protein‐rich insects while maintaining themselves on relatively protein‐poor, low‐quality acorns. Differences in the diets of adults and their nestlings are likely widespread among species that feed, at least in part, on low‐quality foods, such as fruit and seeds, during the breeding season. 相似文献
20.
Chow S Scholey VP Nakazawa A Margulies D Wexler JB Olson RJ Hazama K 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》2001,3(1):22-26
Restriction fragment length polymorphism found in the S7 ribosomal protein gene introns of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) was compared between a single pair of parents and their offspring. The sizes of the first intron (RP1) and second intron (RP2) amplified by polymerase chain reaction were 810 bp and 1400 bp, respectively. The dam and sire had different restriction
types from one another in HhaI and RsaI digestions for RP1 and in DdeI, HhaI, and ScrFI digestions for RP2. Putative genotypes in both introns of 64 larvae were found to be segregated in Mendelian proportions. Genotype distributions
in a wild yellowfin tuna sample (n= 34) were in Hardy-Weinberg proportions, and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.149 to 0.388. This study presents novel
Mendelian markers, which are feasible for tuna population genetic study and pedigree analysis.
Received December 8, 1999; accepted April 11, 2000. 相似文献