仙居国家公园溪流摇蚊幼虫群落结构及其对水质的指示作用

为了解浙江仙居国家公园内溪流中摇蚊幼虫的群落结构及其对水质的指示作用,于2016年8月对仙居国家公园内13条溪流59个点位进行了调查,运用Hilsenhoff生物指数对溪流水质进行评价.结果表明: 59个点位中有37个点处于清洁状态,19个点处于轻污染状态,3个点处于中污染状态.此次调查共获得摇蚊幼虫86种,隶属于4亚科51属.其中,摇蚊亚科种类数最多,有19属37种;直突摇蚊亚科次之,有21属35种;长足摇蚊亚科有9属12种;寡角摇蚊亚科最少,为2属2种.摇蚊亚科密度比重最大,为40.3%;长足摇蚊亚科与直突摇蚊亚科所占比重差异不大,分别为30%与29.4%;寡角摇蚊亚科比重最小,仅为0.3%.壳粗腹摇蚊为仙居国家公园溪流摇蚊幼虫绝对优势种;黄色多足摇蚊、流环足摇蚊、平滑环足摇蚊、纽流长跗摇蚊和小型棒脉摇蚊为优势种.仙居国家公园溪流中摇蚊幼虫指示种分析结果显示,平滑环足摇蚊、双色矮突摇蚊、台湾长跗摇蚊和渐变长跗摇蚊可作为污染水体指示种,流环足摇蚊可作为清洁水体指示种.     

藻寄生环足摇蚊亚属东洋区首次记录 （双翅目：摇蚊科）

首次记录产自东洋区的环足摇蚊属藻寄生环足摇蚊亚属,并依据中国标本对该亚属的洛格环足摇蚊Cricotopus(Nostocoladius)lygropis Edwards进行了重新描述,编制了世界本亚属雄成虫分种检索表。经检视模式标本和核对原始描述,将Cricotopus(Nostocoladius)seiryuabeus Sasa,SuzukiSakai(1998)处理为Cricotopus(Nostocoladius)lygropis的次异名。     

三种摇蚊幼虫RAPD扩增条件的优化及在昆虫系统发育分析中的应用

为了研究摇蚊科昆虫种群遗传的多样性,以促进对其资源的合理保护,以萨摩亚摇蚊Chironomus samoensisEdwards基因组DNA为模板,对摇蚊幼虫的RAPD扩增条件进行优化,建立了摇蚊幼虫RAPD扩增反应的最佳体系:按照利用优化的RAPD扩增条件进行研究,实验有着良好的重现性。用16个随机引物对3种摇蚊幼虫类群各10个个体进行RAPD扩增,其中萨摩亚摇蚊共扩增出78个条带,多态座位率为41.03%,Shannon遗传多样性指数为0.2570,群体内相似度为0.8730;红裸须摇蚊Propsilocerus akamusi(Tokunaga)共75个条带,多态座位率为44.0%,Shannon遗传多样性指数为0.2472,群体内相似度为0.8731;刺铗长足摇蚊Tanypus punctipennis(Fabricius)共67个条带,多态座位率为41.79%,Shannon遗传多样性指数为0.1943,群体内相似度为0.9066。聚类分析结果表明,刺铗长足摇蚊与红裸须摇蚊的亲缘关系较近。     

中国多足揺蚊属指名亚属一新种(双翅目:摇蚊科)

记述中国多足摇蚊属指名亚属Polypedilum (s. str.) Kieffer 1新种——等跗多足摇蚊Polypedilum (Polypedilum) aequabe, sp. nov.,该新种雄虫可借以下组合特征与本亚属其它已知种类相区别:后足第 2 与第 3 跗节等长,肛尖具侧毛,上附器外侧毛位于近端部,下附器端部膨大。模式标本存放在南开大学生命科学学院摇蚊研究室。正模:♂,四川乡城硕曲河,2 700 m,1996-Ⅵ-12,灯诱,王新华采;副模:18♂♂,同正模;1♂,云南丽江石鼓冲江河,1750m,1996-Ⅴ-25,灯诱,周长发采。     

浙江省乌岩岭国家级自然保护区摇蚊科昆虫初步调查名录

在采集、调查的基础上,根据标本鉴定的结果,总结了浙江省泰顺县乌岩岭自然保护区摇蚊科昆虫名录,共计3亚科23属39种,其中包括3个中国新记录种:白壳粗腹摇蚊Conchapelopia pallidula (Meigen)、黄纹提尼曼摇蚊Thienemanniella flaviscutella (Tokunaga)和黄三叉粗腹摇蚊Trissopelopia flavida Kieffer.     

中国拟三突摇蚊属及一新纪录种（双翅目：摇蚊科）

编制了中国拟三突摇蚊属的名录和成虫的分种检索表,记述了采自中国东洋区的拟三突摇蚊属1中国新纪录种——屋久岛拟三突摇蚊Paratrichocladius yakukeleus Sasa et Suzuki的成虫;并提供了该新纪录种成虫的特征图。     

直突摇蚊亚科部分属28S rDNA D1序列的分子系统发育关系(双翅目,摇蚊科)

利用28S rDNA D1部分基因序列对直突摇蚊亚科代表性属级阶元进行了分子系统学研究。测定了12个内群属和2种外群的28SrDNAD1片段,并结合GenBank中3个同亚科种类该基因的同源序列进行了分析。采用2种建树方法(距离邻近法NJ和最大俭约法MP)分析了直突摇蚊亚科内属级分类单元的分子系统发育关系。结果表明,滨海摇蚊属Clunio位于系统发育树的基部,与该属营海洋生活的特殊性一致。心突摇蚊属和真开氏摇蚊属互为姐妹群,流环足摇蚊属和刀突摇蚊属互为姐妹群,此结果与基于形态学的系统发育研究相结果一致。其它属间的系统发育关系因尚无前人研究而有待做进一步研究。本研究同时证明28S rDNA D1基因片段在分析摇蚊科昆虫属级及属内阶元关系上具有一定的指导意义。     

摇蚊亚科中国一新纪录属——脊突摇蚊属(双翅目:摇蚊科)

记述了摇蚊亚科中国新纪录属--脊突摇蚊属Cyphomella Seether,1977.给出了膜脊突摇蚊 C.cornea S(ae)ther,1977的详细描述、绘图以及世界脊突摇蚊属雄成虫分种检索表.标本保存于南开大学生命科学学院.     

两种稻田摇蚊采集方法的比较

本文介绍了一种较为简便和节省人工的稻田摇蚊田间取样方法:笼罩法,并将笼罩法得到的稻田摇蚊群落结构和发生动态和吸虫器法得到的结果进行了比较。研究结果表明:在水稻的4个生育期中,笼罩法和吸虫器法均采集到了中华摇蚊Chironomus sinicus Kiknadze,Wang,Istomina&Gunderina;台湾长跗摇蚊Tanytarsus formosanus Kieffer;云集多足摇蚊Polypedilum nubifer Skuse和刺铗长足摇蚊Tanypus puncitpennis Meigen,而吸虫器法还采集到微小沼摇蚊Limnophyes minimus Meigen。其中中华摇蚊和台湾长跗摇蚊为优势类群,笼罩法取样得到的两种优势种种群密度均高于吸虫器法的,例如在拔节期时笼罩法取样得到台湾长跗摇蚊的种群密度是吸虫器法的22倍。通过取样变异系数的比较发现,两种方法精确性都并不理想,在今后的试验中可以通过增加取样的样点量或取样面积来提高精确度。相比较而言吸虫器法操作复杂,而且较为耗时,在实际操作中往往受到一定条件的限制,而笼罩法则具有操作简便、准确度高等优点,试验安排可以进行高频率取样,能够更准确地反映田间摇蚊的种群动态。因此,笼罩法为以后研究与摇蚊生活习性相似的稻田节肢动物类群(如蚊科昆虫)提供了一种新的取样方案。     

武昌东湖地区摇蚊科昆虫的研究

据目前所知,1940年有关作者曾对采自我国云南、西藏和台湾等地的摇蚊科昆虫先后报导过69种10,11,13,15,16,18,19,其中台湾的种类几乎占到90%。本文的报导系于1963年和1964年作者以灯诱和昆虫网捕捉两种方法,在武昌东湖地区收到大量的摇蚊科昆虫的标本,共鉴定出37种,分别隶属于3亚科16属。其中摇蚊亚科的3个属即雕翅摇蚊属(Glyptotendipes),沼摇蚊属(Limnochironomus)和劳特摇蚊属(Lanterbor-niella)在我国为首次记录;在37种之中,除6种已报导见于我国台湾外,有31种在我国为首次记录。通过标本数量的分析,作者认为有9种应为东湖地区的优势种类。       

A preliminary survey of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Costa Rica,with emphasis on the lotic fauna

Extensive collections of Chironomidae were made in Costa Rica, Central America, during 1986 and 1987. Fifty-five genera and at least 148 species belonging to the subfamilies Podonominae, Tanypodinae, Orthocladiinae and Chironomidae were found. Chironominae and Orthocladiinae predominated. Only one species of Podonominae was collected. Tanypodinae was represented by many genera, but species richness was low.Cricotopus was the most widespread and diverse genus of Orthocladiinae. Among the Chironominae the generaPolypedilum, Pseudochironomus, Tanytarsus andRheotanytarsus showed high species richness. Several species were collected that could not be assigned to genus. A number of range extensions were recorded for taxa found in the Neotropical region for the first time and for Neotropical taxa recorded outside of South America for the first time. The Costa Rican chironomid fauna consists of cosmopolitan, holarctic and neotropical components. There is probably an endemic Central American chironomid fauna at the species level.     

Diversity of chironomid larvae in palustrine wetlands of the coastal plain in the south of Brazil

The Chironomidae of tropical South America are a very rich species, but are scarcely known. The range of environmental conditions under which chironomids are found is more extensive than that of any other group of aquatic insects. The objectives of this study were to carry out a diversity survey of chironomid larvae in wetland systems of the coastal plain in the south of Brazil and to analyze the effects of area, altitude, water conductivity, nitrate and phosphorus concentrations, and the life form of the dominant plant species on chironomid richness and composition. Collections were carried out from March to April in 2002. A total of 30 taxa (23 morphospecies and 7 species) distributed along 23 genera were found, and the Chironominae showed the greatest richness, followed by Tanypodinae and Orthocladiinae. The chironomid richness was higher in the emergent than in the multistratified wetland class. The wetland area, altitude, nitrate and phosphorus concentrations, and water conductivity did not influence the richness of Chironomidae. The Chironomidae genera and species were present in both the wetland classes (emergent and aquatic bed vegetation). However, while Chironominae were more frequent in the emergent than in the aquatic bed wetlands, no difference was observed for Tanypodinae. The aquatic vegetation was an important environmental predictor for chironomid larvae richness in the studied wetlands in the south of Brazil.     

Fauna of chironomids (Diptera,Chironomidae) of the Kama River Basin

An annotated list of chironomid species is presented for the watercourses and waterbodies of the Kama River Basin, which covers the territories of Perm krai, Sverdlov oblast’, Kirov oblast’, the Udmurt Republic, and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The list includes 253 species of 107 genera and 6 subfamilies: Podonominae (2 species), Tanypodinae (35), Diamesinae (10), Prodiamesinae (4), Orthocladiinae (92), and Chironominae (110). Eighty one of these species were defined under the imagoes.     

Chironomids (Diptera,Chironomidae) fauna of reservoirs in Bashkortostan

An annotated list of chironomid species from small reservoirs located in the Republic of Bashkortostan in the basins of Kama, Ural, and Ob rivers is given. The list includes 54 valid species. In addition, data on the abundance of larvae in the studied waters are presented. A total of 60 species of 31 genera from 3 subfamilies, Tanypodinae (5), Orthocladiinae (18), and Chironominae (37), are recorded. The largest number of species is registered in the Sakmara Reservoir. Palearctic species dominate.     

Observations on the immature Chironomidae of a polluted lowland brook-pond system (Antwerp,Belgium), aerated by the Phallus process

A lowland brook-pond system polluted by organic waste was aerated by a new aeration method (Phallus process).The immature chironomids were investigated. Forty-two species or species groups were found.The changes in community composition, species richness, diversity, redundancy, abundance and biomass were studied in the light of the recovery after treatment. Before aeration started, chironomids were absent in the aeration basin. After 81/2 months of aeration a chironomid community characterized by low species richness (four species) and high redundancy was established. Prolonged aeration resulted in a further increase of the species diversity and during the last survey, after about 2 years of aeration, the chironomid species richness had increased to 18 species. Similar trends could be found for the downstream sampling stations. The longitudinal recovery pattern probably restored the original zonation of the chironomid species, resulting from an ecological gradient created by the linear change in physiography of the water body. Orthocladiinae dominated in the brook stretch, whereas Chironominae and to a lesser extent Tanypodinae dominated in the ponds.     

Population dynamics, life histories and species richness in an epiphytic chironomid community

SUMMARY. 1. The chironomid fauna on the spiked water-milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum was studied quantitatively for a year in a small lowland stream in eastern England.
2. A total of nineteen species, comprising fourteen Orthocladiinae, four Chironominae and one Tanypodinae, was recorded. Population dynamics and life histories of the eight most abundant species were described: Orthocladius (O.) Pe 9, O. (O.) sp. A, Cricotopus (C.) annulator, Rheocricotopus chalybeatus, Tvetenia calvescens, Eukiefferiella ilkleyensis, Thienemanniella majuscula and Rheotanytarsus curtistylus. The number of generations per year ranged from one (O. (O.) Pe 9, O. (O.) sp. A, C, (C.) annulator) to five ( T. calvescens, T. majuscula). Temporal variation in population density often reflected characteristic patterns of the life cycle of each species.
3. Species richness (number of species) for each month ranged between six and fifteen. These observed species richnesses were compared with a null species occurrence model and it was revealed that a significantly higher number of species than expected coexisted in April and May. This may be related to the abundance of diatoms in spring.     

A note on chironomids (diptera) of temporary pools in the National Park of Circeo,Central Italy

Preliminary observations on chironomid assemblages in 9 temporary pools of the National Park of Circeo (Central Italy) are reported. A total of 15 genera or species groups (6 Orthocladiinae, 3 Tanypodinae, 1 Tanytarsini and 5 Chironomini) were recorded during March and April, 1986.Psectrotanypus varius, Polypedilum nubeculosum gr.,Chironomus thummi gr. andC. plumosus gr. were the most abundant and frequent taxa in the nine pools. Almost all chironomids collected are eurytopic and widely distributed in Europe, including Italian waters. Only the finding ofGymnometriocnemus is reported in this paper as a new record for Central Italy. Similarity among pools and among taxa (coefficient of Jaccard) shows a major occurrence of aquatic Orthocladiinae in smaller pools and of Chironomini in larger pools. This relationship between chironomid assemblages and pool sizes can be partly related to the duration of the wet phase which affects chironomid species according to their survival strategies.     

Chironomids fauna (Diptera, Chironomidae) in some waterbodies and watercourses of Mongolia

An annotated list of chironomid species from some waterbodies and watercourses of Mongolia identified by an imaginal developmental stage is presented. The list includes 97 species of 39 genera and 5 subfamilies: Tanypodinae (6 species), Diamesinae (1), Prodiamesinae (2), Orthocladiinae (33), and Chironominae (55). Of all found chironomid imagos, 11 species have been earlier identified for the Mongolian fauna, the other 86 species have been registered for the first time. The largest number of species has been recorded in Lake Sangiyn-Dalai—28; in Lake Ugiy and River Ider—19 species. In the rest of the lakes, the number of recorded species varies from 18 to 10 species, and in rivers, from 13 to 2. Most of the species are boreal and widespread. The number of Paleoarctic species amounts to 44 and Holarctic species amounts to 49.