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1.
Six new species of the spider genus Spiricoelotes Wang, 2002 are described, Spiricoelotes
anshiensis Chen & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Spiricoelotes
chufengensis Chen & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Spiricoelotes
nansheensis Chen & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Spiricoelotes
taipingensis Chen & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Spiricoelotes
xianheensis Chen & Li, sp. n. (♂♀) and Spiricoelotes
xiongxinensis Chen & Li, sp. n. (♀). All new species were collected from caves in Jiangxi Province, China. 相似文献
2.
Eight new genera and 30 new species are described: Cirrosus
gen. n. (type species Cirrosus
atrocaudatus
sp. n. (♂♀)), Conglin
gen. n. (type species Conglin
personatus
sp. n. (♀)), Curtimeticus
gen. n. (type species Curtimeticus
nebulosus
sp. n. (♂)), Gladiata
gen. n. (type species Gladiata
fengli
sp. n. (♂)), Glebala
gen. n. (type species Glebala
aspera
sp. n. (♂)), Glomerosus
gen. n. (type species Glomerosus
lateralis
sp. n. (♂)), Smerasia
gen. n. (type species Smerasia
obscurus
sp. n. (♂♀)), Vittatus
gen. n. (type species Vittatus
fencha
sp. n. (♂♀)); Batueta
cuspidata
sp. n. (♂♀), Capsulia
laciniosa
sp. n. (♂), Dactylopisthes
separatus
sp. n. (♀), Gongylidiellum
bracteatum
sp. n. (♀), Houshenzinus
xiaolongha
sp. n. (♂♀), Laogone
bai
sp. n. (♂), Laogone
lunata
sp. n. (♂♀), Maro
bulbosus
sp. n. (♀), Nasoonaria
circinata
sp. n. (♂♀), Neriene
circifolia
sp. n. (♂♀), Oedothorax
biantu
sp. n. (♀), Oilinyphia
hengji
sp. n. (♂♀), Paikiniana
furcata
sp. n. (♂♀), Parameioneta
bishou
sp. n. (♂♀), Parameioneta
multifida
sp. n. (♂♀), Parameioneta
tricolorata
sp. n. (♂♀), Tapinopa
undata
sp. n. (♂), Theoa
bidentata
sp. n. (♂♀), Theoa
vesica
sp. n. (♂♀), Vittatus
bian
sp. n. (♂♀), Vittatus
latus
sp. n. (♂♀), Vittatus
pan
sp. n. (♂♀). The male of Kaestneria
bicultrata Chen & Yin, 2000 and the females of Asiagone
perforata Tanasevitch, 2014 and Batueta
similis Wunderlich & Song, 1995 are described for the first time; photos of Bathyphantes
paracymbialis Tanasevitch, 2014 are provided. 相似文献
3.
The south-east Asian genus Eupoa is redescribed and diagnosed. Seven new species are diagnosed, described and illustrated: E. daklak
sp. n. (♀) from Viet-Nam; E. lehtineni
sp. n. (♂♀) from India, Thailand and Viet-Nam; E. lobli
sp. n. (♂) from Malaysia; E. pappi
sp. n. (♂) from Thailand; E. pulchella
sp. n.(♂) from Thailand; E. schwendingeri
sp. n. (♂♀) from Thailand; and E. thailandica
sp. n. (♂♀) from Thailand. Eupoa prima Żabka, 1985 and E. yunnanensis Peng & Kim, 1997 are redescribed and illustrated on the basis of type and/or newly collected materials. The female of E. yunnanensis Peng & Kim, 1997 is found and described for the first time. 相似文献
4.
The present paper describes two new Clubiona
corticalis-group species collected from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province of China: Clubiona
submoralis
sp. n. (♀♂) and Clubiona
pollicaris
sp. n. (♀♂). 相似文献
5.
6.
One new species Savarna
kraburiensis
sp. n. (♂♀) is reported from southern Thailand. 相似文献
7.
Three new spider species are described from Iran: Anemesia
koponeni
sp. n. (♂, Cyrtaucheniidae); Raveniola
mazandaranica
sp. n. (♂, Nemesiidae) and Sahastata
sinuspersica
sp. n. (♀, Filistatidae). Cyrtaucheniidae and Sahastata Benoit, 1968 are reported from Iran for the fisrt time. 相似文献
8.
Two Aelurillus species are described as new, Aelurillus
alboclypeus
sp. n. (♂♀, from Turkey) and Aelurillus
deltshevi
sp. n. (♂, from Macedonia, Bulgaria and Azerbaijan). Aelurillus
steliosi Dobroruka, 2002 is synonymized with Aelurillus
leipoldae (Metzner, 1999). Additional distributions of the closely related species Aelurillus
v-insignitus are provided for the region of study. Distributional maps are provided for the five species reported in this paper. 相似文献
9.
The first species of the small Afrotropical family Ammodesmidae discovered in central Africa (Democratic Republic of the Congo) belongs to the genus Ammodesmus Cook, 1896, which was hitherto known only from two species in western Africa. A key is given to incorporate Ammodesmus
congoensis sp. n., a species also showing an evident sex dimorphism: ♂ densely hirsute, ♀ with much longer and sparser tergal setae. 相似文献
10.
Capsicum baccatum, commonly known as ají, has been reported as a source of variation for many different traits to improve common pepper (C. annuum), one of the most important vegetables in the world. However, strong interspecific hybridization barriers exist between them. A comparative study of two wide hybridization approaches for introgressing C. baccatum genes into C. annuum was performed: i) genetic bridge (GB) using C. chinense and C. frutescens as bridge species; and, ii) direct cross between C. annuum and C. baccatum combined with in vitro embryo rescue (ER). A diverse and representative collection of 18 accessions from four cultivated species of Capsicum was used, including C. annuum (12), C. baccatum (3), C. chinense (2), and C. frutescens (1). More than 5000 crosses were made and over 1000 embryos were rescued in the present study. C. chinense performed as a good bridge species between C. annuum and C. baccatum, with the best results being obtained with the cross combination [C. baccatum (♀) × C. chinense (♂)] (♀) × C. annuum (♂), while C. frutescens gave poor results as bridge species due to strong prezygotic and postzygotic barriers. Virus-like-syndrome or dwarfism was observed in F1 hybrids when both C. chinense and C. frutescens were used as female parents. Regarding the ER strategy, the best response was found in C. annuum (♀) × C. baccatum (♂) crosses. First backcrosses to C. annuum (BC1s) were obtained according to the crossing scheme [C. annuum (♀) × C. baccatum (♂)] (♀) × C. annuum (♂) using ER. Advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are discussed in relation to their application to breeding programmes. These results provide breeders with useful practical information for the regular utilization of the C. baccatum gene pool in C. annuum breeding. 相似文献
11.
Cristina Virto Carlos A. Zárate Miguel López-Ferber Rosa Murillo Primitivo Caballero Trevor Williams 《PloS one》2013,8(8)
With the development of sensitive molecular techniques for detection of low levels of asymptomatic pathogens, it becoming clear that vertical transmission is a common feature of some insect pathogenic viruses, and likely to be essential to virus survival when opportunities for horizontal transmission are unfavorable. Vertical transmission of Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) is common in natural populations of S. exigua. To assess whether gender affected transgenerational virus transmission, four mating group treatments were performed using healthy and sublethally infected insects: i) healthy males (H♂)×healthy females (H♀); ii) infected males (I♂)×healthy females (H♀); iii) healthy males (H♂)×infected females (I♀) and iv) infected males (I♂)×infected females (I♀). Experimental adults and their offspring were analyzed by qPCR to determine the prevalence of infection. Both males and females were able to transmit the infection to the next generation, although female-mediated transmission resulted in a higher prevalence of infected offspring. Male-mediated venereal transmission was half as efficient as maternally-mediated transmission. Egg surface decontamination studies indicated that the main route of transmission is likely transovarial rather than transovum. Both male and female offspring were infected by their parents in similar proportions. Incorporating vertically-transmitted genotypes into virus-based insecticides could provide moderate levels of transgenerational pest control, thereby extending the periods between bioinsecticide applications. 相似文献
12.
To understand the potential molecular mechanism of heterosis, protein expression patterns were compared from hybrids of Haliotis gigantea (G) and Haliotis discus hannai (D) using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight analyses. Expression differences were observed in muscle samples from the four groups with 673±21.0 stained spots for H. discus hannai ♀ × H. discus hannai ♂ (DD), 692±25.6 for H. gigantea ♀ × H. gigantea ♂ (GG), 679±16.2 for H. discus hannai ♀ × H. gigantea ♂ (DG) (F1 hybrid) and 700±19 for H. gigantea ♀ × H. discus hannai ♂ (GD) (F1 hybrid). Different 2-DE image muscle protein spots had a mirrored relationship between purebreds and the F1 hybrid, suggesting that all stained spots in F1 hybrid muscle were on 2-DEs from parents. DD and DG clustered together first, and then clustered with GD, whereas the distance of DD and GG was maximal according to hierarchical cluster analysis. We identified 136 differentially expressed protein spots involved in major biological processes, including energy metabolism and stress response. Most energy metabolism proteins were additive, and stress-induced proteins displayed additivity or over-dominance. In these 136 identified protein spots, hybrid offspring with additivity or over-dominance accounted for 68.38%. Data show that a proteomic approach can provide functional prediction of abalone interspecific hybridization. 相似文献
13.
Kirill G. Mikhailov 《ZooKeys》2016,(558):153-169
The spider genus Arboricaria Bosmans, 2000 is redefined and an updated diagnosis given. The differences between Arboricaria and Micaria Westring, 1851 are discussed in detail. A key to all five species of the genus is provided. One new species, Arboricaria
zonsteini
sp. n. (♂♀), is described based on specimens from Kyrgyzstan and Azerbaijan. One new synonym is proposed: Arboricaria
koeni Bosmans in Bosmans & Blick, 2000, syn. n. is assigned to Arboricaria
sociabilis Kulczyński in Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897. Data on the distribution of Arboricaria in Russia and adjacent countries are presented with references to the papers on local spider faunas. 相似文献
14.
15.
Anelise Fernandes e Silva Thays Duarte de Oliveira Natasha vila Bertocchi Vera Lúcia da Silva Valente Edison Zefa Maríndia Depr 《Genetics and molecular biology》2022,45(2)
Karyotypes in the worldwide subfamily Oecanthinae show variations in diploid number, chromosome morphology, and sex-chromosome system. This study described the chromosome set and phylogenetic relationships of four Neotropical species, Oecanthus lineolatus, O. valensis, O. pallidus, and O. pictus. We used classical cytogenetics and Bayesian Inference for phylogenetic reconstruction, using the mitochondrial genes COI, 12S rRNA, and 16S rRNA; and analyzed the phylogenetic patterns of changes in chromosome numbers, using ChromEvol. We observed differences in chromosome number among species and two different sex-chromosome systems. Oecanthus pictus showed 2n = 21, X0♂/22, XX♀; O. lineolatus, 2n = 20, XY♂/XX♀; and O. valensis and O. pallidus, 2n = 18, XY♂/XX♀. The karyotype of Oecanthus was asymmetric, one group with large chromosomes and variation in heterochromatin distribution, and another with small acrocentric chromosomes. The phylogenetic tree recovered two main groups: one with the Palearctic species and another with species from different bioregions, but with low posterior probability. The Neotropical species grouped separately, O. valensis and O. pictus with Nearctic and Ethiopian species, and O. pallidus and O. lineolatus in another, well-supported clade. Together, the phylogenic and chromosome data suggest descending dysploidy events during the evolution of the group. Keywords: Insect, karyotype, Chromosome, Bayesian Inference, Oecanthinae 相似文献
16.
The northernmost Harbin strain (N strain) of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis enters facultative diapause as fully grown larvae in response to short daylengths; whereas the southernmost Ledong strain (S strain) exhibits almost no diapause under the same light conditions. In the present study, we examined the inheritance of diapause induction and termination by crossing the two strains under a range of environmental conditions. The N strain showed a typical long-day response with a critical daylength of approximately15.88 h at 22°C, 15.72 h at 25°C and 15.14 h at 28°C, whereas the S strain showed a weak photoperiodic response at 22°C. The F1 progeny also showed a long-day response at 22, 25 and 28°C. However, the critical daylengths in S ♀ × N ♂ crosses were significantly longer than those in N ♀ × S ♂ crosses, indicating a sex linkage in the inheritance of diapause induction, with the male parent having more influence on the following F1 progeny. The incidence of diapause in S ♀ × N ♂ crosses was the same as in the N strain under short daylengths of 11-13 h, indicating that diapause trait is completely dominant over the non-diapause trait. The critical daylength in backcross to N was significantly longer than it was in backcross to S, showing a grandfather gene effect. Whether the inheritance of diapause fits an additive hypothesis or not was dependent on the rearing photoperiod, and the capacity for diapause was transmitted genetically in the manner of incomplete dominance. The duration of diapause for the reciprocal crosses under different diapause-terminating conditions showed different patterns of inheritance. The results in this study reveal that genetic and genetic-environmental interactions are involved in diapause induction and termination in O. furnacalis. 相似文献
17.
A New Method for the Screening of Mutations Related to Protoplasmic Incompatibility, Differentiation and Plasma Membrane in the Fungus PODOSPORA ANSERINA 下载免费PDF全文
In Podospora anserina previous investigations showed that mutations in genes involved in the control of protoplasmic incompatibility cause defects at various stages of differentiation during the life cycle and also modify properties of the plasma membrane. To establish these relationships in another way, a new method for screening mutations has been developed as a first step. Eighty-five new mutants were selected for resistance to toxic products (sorbose or thiourea); in a second step these mutants were tested for modifications of protoplasmic incompatibility and cellular differentiation. Seven of the sorbose or thiourea resistant-mutants (i.e., 8%) exhibited new patterns of protoplasmic incompatibility. Genetic analyses were carried out with three mutants. Mutation X25 suppresses protoplasmic incompatibility resulting from all allelic interactions and restores the fertility of the crosses ♀ V x ♂ V1 and ♀ Z1 x ♂ Z2. Mutation V41 is an allele of the v locus with new properties. Mutation X61 totally suppresses the V/V'1 interaction and weakens all of the other allelic incompatibility systems; X61 strains are defective in protoperithecia differentiation. Electrophoresis of plasma membrane proteins showed that X61 strains lack two polypeptides whose apparent molecular weights are 41,000 and 44,000. This new screening method is especially efficient for obtaining new mutants and identifying additional genes involved in incompatibility. These results provide further support demonstrating the relationships between protoplasmic incompatibility, cellular differentiation and plasma membrane. 相似文献
18.
19.
Lan He Wen-Xia Wang Lin-Hai Li Bao-Qing Liu Gang Liu Shu-Qiang Liu Lei Qi De-Fu Hu 《Biological research》2014,47(1)
Background
Restricted space and close contact with conspecifics in captivity may be stressful for musk deer, as they are highly territorial and solitary in the wild. So we tested the effects of crowding on stress of forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) in heterosexual groups, using fecal cortisol analysis as a non-invasive method. 32 healthy adults during non-breeding seasons were chose as our experimental objects. Group 1 was defined as higher crowding condition, with 10-15 m2/deer (6 enclosures, 10♀ and 6♂); group 2 was defined as lower crowding condition, with 23-33 m2/deer (6 enclosures, 10♀ and 6♂). Every enclosure contained 1 male and 3 female. These patterns had been existed for years.Results
The results showed that females in lower crowding condition (217.1 ± 9.5 ug/g) had significantly higher fecal cortisol levels than those in higher crowding condition (177.2 ± 12.1 ug/g). Interestingly, crowding seemed have no effect on male fecal cortisol levels (148.1 ± 9.1 ug/g and 140.5 ± 13.3 ug/g, respectively). At both groups, cortisol was significantly lower in males than in females.Conclusions
These results showed that chronic crowding may affect stress status of captive forest musk deer. The captive environment should consider the space need for musk deer. 相似文献20.
Crossbreeding is a powerful tool for improving productivity and profitability in aquaculture. We conducted a pilot study of an artificial cross between two important cultivated scallops in China, Chlamys farreri and Mimachlamys nobilis, to test the feasibility of interspecific hybridization. Reciprocal hybridization experiments were performed using a single-pair mating strategy (M. nobilis ♀ × C. farreri ♂ and C. farreri ♀ × M. nobilis ♂). The fertilization of each pair was tracked using fluorescence staining of the gametes, and the chromosomes of the F1 hybrid larvae were examined via conventional karyotyping and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). We observed moderate fertilization success in both interspecific crosses, although the overall fertilization was generally less rapid than that of intraspecific crosses. Conventional karyotyping showed that 70.4% of the viable F1 larvae in M. nobilis ♀ × C. farreri ♂ and 55.4% in C. farreri ♀ × M. nobilis ♂ comprised hybrid karyotypes (2n = 35 = 6m+5sm+11st+13t), and the results were further confirmed by GISH. Interestingly, we detected a few F1 from the M. nobilis ♀ × C. farreri ♂ cross that appeared to have developed gynogenetically. In addition, chromosome fragmentations, aneuploids and allopolyploids were observed in some F1 individuals. Our study presents evidence that the artificial cross between M. nobilis and C. farreri is experimentally possible. Further investigations of the potential heterosis of the viable F1 offspring at various developmental stages should be conducted to obtain a comprehensive evaluation of the feasibility of crossbreeding between these two scallop species. 相似文献