共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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CRISPR‐Cpf1 is a newly identified CRISPR‐Cas system, and Cpf1 was recently engineered as a molecular tool for targeted genome editing in mammalian cells. To test whether the engineered CRISPR‐Cpf1 system could induce the production of rice mutants, we selected two genome targets in the OsPDS and OsBEL genes. Our results show that both targets could be efficiently mutated in transgenic rice plants using CRISPR‐Cpf1. We found that pre‐crRNAs with a full‐length direct repeat sequence exhibited considerably increased efficiencies compared with mature crRNAs. In addition, the specificity and transmission of the mutation were investigated, and the behaviours of crRNA‐Cpf1‐induced plant targeted genome mutagenesis were assessed. Taken together, our results indicate that CRISPR‐Cpf1 expression via stable transformation can efficiently generate specific and heritable targeted mutations in rice and thereby constitutes a novel and important approach to specific and precise plant genome editing. 相似文献
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CRISPR-Cas系统是广泛存在于细菌和古菌中的防御系统。基于该系统开发的基因组编辑工具已在大量物种中实现靶向编辑。目前应用最多的是CRISPR-Cas9和CRISPR-Cas12a基因组编辑工具,但它们的蛋白大小均超过1 000个氨基酸,不利于递送。来自转座子家族的TnpB和IscB蛋白(大小约400个氨基酸)分别被认为是Cas12和Cas9的祖先蛋白,但其功能直到最近才被解析。它们被统称为专性移动元件引导活性(obligate mobile element-guided activity, OMEGA)蛋白,其引导RNA被称为ωRNA。此后,OMEGA系统成为了基因编辑领域的研究热点之一。OMEGA系统在三域生物中都有广泛分布,而且种类多样。对OMEGA系统的深入研究,将有助于开发精简、高效、安全的新型基因组编辑工具。本文围绕OMEGA系统的发现历程、结构特点、作用机制和在基因组编辑中的应用展开介绍,为新型基因组编辑工具的开发和优化提供参考。 相似文献
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Jingying Li Chen Zhang Yubing He Shaoya Li Lei Yan Yucai Li Ziwei Zhu Lanqin Xia 《植物学报(英文版)》2023,65(2):444-467
Precise replacement of an allele with an elite allele controlling an important agronomic trait in a predefined manner by gene editing technologies is highly desirable in crop improvement.Base editing and prime editing are two newly developed precision gene editing systems which can introduce the substitution of a single base and install the desired short indels to the target loci in the absence of double-strand breaks and donor repair templates,respectively.Since their discoveries,various strate... 相似文献
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Yingnan Li Boyu Huang Jian Chen Liangliang Huang Jianghai Xu Yingying Wang Guanghui Cui Haiming Zhao Beibei Xin Weibin Song Jian-Kang Zhu Jinsheng Lai 《Plant biotechnology journal》2023,21(11):2196-2208
The CRISPR-Cas systems have been widely used as genome editing tools, with type II and V systems typically introducing small indels, and type I system mediating long-range deletions. However, the precision of type I systems for large fragment deletion is still remained to be optimized. Here, we developed a compact Cascade-Cas3 Dvu I-C system with Cas11c for plant genome editing. The Dvu I-C system was efficient to introduce controllable large fragment deletion up to at least 20 kb using paired crRNAs. The paired-crRNAs design also improved the controllability of deletions for the type I-E system. Dvu I-C system was sensitive to spacer length and mismatch, which was benefit for target specificity. In addition, we showed that the Dvu I-C system was efficient for generating stable transgenic lines in maize and rice with the editing efficiency up to 86.67%. Overall, Dvu I-C system we developed here is powerful for achieving controllable large fragment deletions. 相似文献
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In recent years, research in life sciences has been remarkably revolutionized owing to the establishment, development and application of genome editing technologies. Genome editing has not only accelerated fundamental research but has also shown promising applications in agricultural breeding and therapy. In particular, the clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technology has become an indispensable tool in molecular biology owing to its high efficacy and simplicity. Genome editing tools have also been established in silkworm (Bombyx mori), a model organism of Lepidoptera insects with high economic importance. This has remarkably improved the level and scope of silkworm research and could reveal new mechanisms or targets in basic entomology and pest management studies. In this review, we summarize the progress and potential of genome editing in silkworm and its applications in functional genomic studies for generating novel genetic materials. 相似文献
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CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术在植物基因功能研究和作物遗传改良方面具有重要应用价值,其主要依赖gRNA引导核酸内切酶在目标基因组位置产生双链断裂(DSBs),DSBs在通过非同源末端连接(NHEJ)或同源重组(HDR)方式进行修复时,会引起靶标位置核苷酸序列的缺失、插入或者替换,从而实现基因编辑。介绍了CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术的作用机理及发展趋势,并对CRISPR/Cas技术在主要粮食及经济作物育种中的应用进展进行了总结,以期为农作物育种提供有益的参考。 相似文献
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CRISPR/Cas系统几乎存在于所有的细菌和古菌中,是用来抵御外来病毒和噬菌体入侵的获得性免疫防御机制。2012年起CRISPR/Cas9被改造为基因编辑工具,并衍生出一系列高效、便捷的基因编辑工具,迅速在基础理论、基因诊断和临床治疗等研究领域中得到广泛应用。然而,CRISPR/Cas9也存在细胞毒性、脱靶效应和基因插入困难等一些亟待解决的问题,在一定程度上限制了CRISPR/Cas9的应用。Cpf1是2015年报道的一种新型CRISPR效应蛋白,具有许多与Cas9不同的特性,有利于克服CRISPR/Cas9应用中的一些限制。本文综述了近两年来对CRISPR/Cpf1的研究进展和应用,并对其应用前景和发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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Ryan Clarke Alexander R. Terry Hannah Pennington Cody Hasty Matthew S. MacDougall Maureen Regan Bradley J. Merrill 《Molecular cell》2021,81(2):226-238.e5
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Filipe V. Jacinto Wolfgang Link Bibiana I. Ferreira 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2020,24(7):3766-3778
The recent development of the CRISPR/Cas9 system as an efficient and accessible programmable genome-editing tool has revolutionized basic science research. CRISPR/Cas9 system-based technologies have armed researchers with new powerful tools to unveil the impact of genetics on disease development by enabling the creation of precise cellular and animal models of human diseases. The therapeutic potential of these technologies is tremendous, particularly in gene therapy, in which a patient-specific mutation is genetically corrected in order to treat human diseases that are untreatable with conventional therapies. However, the translation of CRISPR/Cas9 into the clinics will be challenging, since we still need to improve the efficiency, specificity and delivery of this technology. In this review, we focus on several in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in human disease-focused research, explore the potential of this technology in translational medicine and discuss some of the major challenges for its future use in patients. 相似文献
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Xu-yang Ni Zhen-dong Zhou Jia Huang Xiaomu Qiao 《Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology》2020,104(1):e21662
Although the Cas9 protein from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) is the most widely used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) variant in genome engineering experiments, it does have certain limitations. First, the stringent requirement for the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence limits the target DNA that can be manipulated using this method in insects. Second, its complementarity specifications are not very stringent, meaning that it can sometimes cause off-target effects at the target site. A recent study reported that an evolved SpCas9 variant, xCas9(3.7), with preference for various 5′-NG-3′ PAM sequences not only has the broadest PAM compatibility but also has much greater DNA specificity and lower genome-wide off-target activity than SpCas9 in mammalian cells. Here we applied the CRISPR/xCas9 system to target the white gene in Drosophila melanogaster, testing the genome-editing efficiency of xCas9 at different PAM sites. On the GGG PAM site, xCas9 showed less activity than SpCas9. For the non-NGG PAM site TGA, xCas9 could produce DNA cleavage and indel-mediated disruption on the target gene. However, for other non-NGG PAM sites, xCas9 showed no activity. These findings show that the evolved Cas9 variant with broad PAM compatibility is functional in Drosophila to induce heritable gene alterations, increasing the targeting range for the applications of genome editing in insects. 相似文献
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基于CRISPR/Cas9系统的基因编辑已被成功应用于多种细胞类型中。计算机辅助的向导RNA(Guide RNA)设计是使用CRISPR系统成功进行基因编辑的关键步骤之一。目前的计算工作主要致力于利用计算模型来提高sgRNA的打靶效率并降低其脱靶。文中对于目前存在的sgRNA设计工具进行综述,并且说明可以通过建立高效的计算模型,对当前的异质基因编辑数据进行整合挖掘,以获得无偏差的sgRNA设计规则,并预测影响sgRNA设计的关键特征。笔者认为,对于sgRNA打靶和脱靶效果的系统总结和评价,将有助于使用CRISPR系统进行更加精准的基因编辑和基因治疗。 相似文献
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Dana Carroll 《Molecules and cells》2023,46(1):4
The advent of the CRISPR-Cas genome editing platform has greatly enhanced the capabilities of researchers in many areas of biology. Its use has also been turned to the development of therapies for genetic diseases and to the enhancement of cell therapies. This review describes some recent advances in these areas. 相似文献
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《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2018,115(9):2120-2138
The realization of a sustainable bioeconomy requires our ability to understand and engineer complex design principles for the development of platform organisms capable of efficient conversion of cheap and sustainable feedstocks (e.g., sunlight, CO2, and nonfood biomass) into biofuels and bioproducts at sufficient titers and costs. For model microbes, such as Escherichia coli, advances in DNA reading and writing technologies are driving the adoption of new paradigms for engineering biological systems. Unfortunately, microbes with properties of interest for the utilization of cheap and renewable feedstocks, such as photosynthesis, autotrophic growth, and cellulose degradation, have very few, if any, genetic tools for metabolic engineering. Therefore, it is important to develop “design rules” for building a genetic toolbox for novel microbes. Here, we present an overview of our current understanding of these rules for the genetic manipulation of prokaryotic microbes and the available genetic tools to expand our ability to genetically engineer nonmodel systems. 相似文献
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Denise G. Lanza;Jianqiang Mao;Isabel Lorenzo;Lan Liao;John R. Seavitt;M. Cecilia Ljungberg;Elizabeth M. Simpson;Francesco J. DeMayo;Jason D. Heaney; 《Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000)》2024,62(2):e23589
Cas9 transgenes can be employed for genome editing in mouse zygotes. However, using transgenic instead of exogenous Cas9 to produce gene-edited animals creates unique issues including ill-defined transgene integration sites, the potential for prolonged Cas9 expression in transgenic embryos, and increased genotyping burden. To overcome these issues, we generated mice harboring an oocyte-specific, Gdf9 promoter driven, Cas9 transgene (Gdf9-Cas9) targeted as a single copy into the Hprt1 locus. The X-linked Hprt1 locus was selected because it is a defined integration site that does not influence transgene expression, and breeding of transgenic males generates obligate transgenic females to serve as embryo donors. Using microinjections and electroporation to introduce sgRNAs into zygotes derived from transgenic dams, we demonstrate that Gdf9-Cas9 mediates genome editing as efficiently as exogenous Cas9 at several loci. We show that genome editing efficiency is independent of transgene inheritance, verifying that maternally derived Cas9 facilitates genome editing. We also show that paternal inheritance of Gdf9-Cas9 does not mediate genome editing, confirming that Gdf9-Cas9 is not expressed in embryos. Finally, we demonstrate that off-target mutagenesis is equally rare when using transgenic or exogenous Cas9. Together, these results show that the Gdf9-Cas9 transgene is a viable alternative to exogenous Cas9. 相似文献
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成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)系统在近年来得到越来越广泛的应用。相比传统的基因组编辑技术,CRISPR/Cas系统具有编辑效率高、特异性强、花费低、对实验技术要求低等优势。其中Ⅱ型和Ⅴ型CRISPR/Cas系统分别仅需要单个Cas9蛋白和单个Cpf1蛋白作为切割双链DNA的工具,因此特别受到研究者们的青睐。目前CRISPR/Cas9技术已成功应用于斑马鱼、小鼠、人类细胞等真核生物的基因组编辑中,并取得一系列重要成果,但在细菌领域进行的相关研究并不多。文中将简单描述CRISPR/Cas系统及其作用机制,重点介绍该系统的优化以及近年来其在细菌学领域所取得的进展。 相似文献