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Glucosinolates are sulphur compounds that are prevalent in Brassica genus. This includes crops cultivated as vegetables, spices and sources of oil. Since 1970s glucosinolates and their breakdown
products, have been widely studied by their beneficial and prejudicial biological effects on human and animal nutrition. They
have also been found to be partly responsible for the characteristic flavor of Brassica vegetables. In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to cancer prevention by means of natural products. The
cancer-protective properties of Brassica intake are mediated through glucosinolates. Isothyocianate and indole products formed from glucosinolates may regulate cancer
cell development by regulating target enzymes, controlling apoptosis and blocking the cell cycle. Nevertheless, variation
in content of both glucosinolates and their bioactive hydrolysis products depends on both genetics and the environment, including
crop management practices, harvest and storage, processing and meal preparation. Here, we review the significance of glucosinolates
as source of bioactive isothiocyanates for human nutrition and health and the influence of environmental conditions and processing
mechanisms on the content of glucosinolate concentration in Brassica vegetables. Currently, this area is only partially understood. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms by
which the environment and processing affect glucosinolates content of Brassica vegetables. This will allow us to know the genetic control of these variables, what will result in the development of high
quality Brassica products with a health-promoting activity. 相似文献
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Avni Mann Juhi Kumari Roshan Kumar Pawan Kumar Akshay K. Pradhan Deepak Pental Naveen C. Bisht 《Plant biotechnology journal》2023,21(11):2182-2195
Glucosinolate content in the two major oilseed Brassica crops—rapeseed and mustard has been reduced to the globally accepted Canola quality level (<30 μmoles/g of seed dry weight, DW), making the protein-rich seed meal useful as animal feed. However, the overall lower glucosinolate content in seeds as well as in the other parts of such plants renders them vulnerable to biotic challenges. We report CRISPR/Cas9-based editing of glucosinolate transporter (GTR) family genes in mustard (Brassica juncea) to develop ideal lines with the desired low seed glucosinolate content (SGC) while maintaining high glucosinolate levels in the other plant parts for uncompromised plant defence. Use of three gRNAs provided highly efficient and precise editing of four BjuGTR1 and six BjuGTR2 homologues leading to a reduction of SGC from 146.09 μmoles/g DW to as low as 6.21 μmoles/g DW. Detailed analysis of the GTR-edited lines showed higher accumulation and distributional changes of glucosinolates in the foliar parts. However, the changes did not affect the plant defence and yield parameters. When tested against the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and generalist pest Spodoptera litura, the GTR-edited lines displayed a defence response at par or better than that of the wild-type line. The GTR-edited lines were equivalent to the wild-type line for various seed yield and seed quality traits. Our results demonstrate that simultaneous editing of multiple GTR1 and GTR2 homologues in mustard can provide the desired low-seed, high-leaf glucosinolate lines with an uncompromised defence and yield. 相似文献
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Background
Glucosinolates, a group of nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds associated with plant-insect interactions, are produced by a number of important Brassicaceae crop species. In Arabidopsis the AOP2 gene plays a role in the secondary modification of aliphatic (methionine-derived) glucosinolates, namely the conversion of methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates to form alkenyl glucosinolates, and also influences aliphatic glucosinolate accumulation. 相似文献8.
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Overexpression of patatin‐related phospholipase AIIIδ altered plant growth and increased seed oil content in camelina
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Maoyin Li Fang Wei Amanda Tawfall Michelle Tang Allison Saettele Xuemin Wang 《Plant biotechnology journal》2015,13(6):766-778
Camelina sativa is a Brassicaceae oilseed species being explored as a biofuel and industrial oil crop. A growing number of studies have indicated that the turnover of phosphatidylcholine plays an important role in the synthesis and modification of triacylglycerols. This study manipulated the expression of a patatin‐related phospholipase AIIIδ (pPLAIIIδ) in camelina to determine its effect on seed oil content and plant growth. Constitutive overexpression of pPLAIIIδ under the control of the constitutive cauliflower mosaic 35S promoter resulted in a significant increase in seed oil content and a decrease in cellulose content. In addition, the content of major membrane phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, in 35S::pPLAIIIδ plants was increased. However, these changes in 35S::pPLAIIIδ camelina were associated with shorter cell length, leaves, stems, and seed pods and a decrease in overall seed production. When pPLAIIIδ was expressed under the control of the seed specific, β‐conglycinin promoter, the seed oil content was increased without compromising plant growth. The results suggest that pPLAIIIδ alters the carbon partitioning by decreasing cellulose content and increasing oil content in camelina. 相似文献
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《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(6):1286-1289
We examined the bioactivity of Yamato-mana (Brassica rapa L. Oleifera Group) constituent glucosinolates and found that 3-butenyl glucosinolate (gluconapin) decreased the plasma triglyceride gain induced by corn oil administration to mice. However, phenethyl glucosinolate (gluconasturtiin) had little effect. 2-Propenyl glucosinolate (sinigrin) also reduced the plasma triglyceride level, which suggests that alkenyl glucosinolates might be promising agents to prevent postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. 相似文献
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The glucosinolates are a large group of sulphur-containing glucosides found in brassica vegetables. After physical damage
to the plant tissue, glucosinolates are broken down, by the endogenous enzyme myrosinase, releasing glucose and a complex
variety of biologically active products. The most important and extensively studied of these compounds are the isothiocyanates.
Glucosinolates can be degraded or leached from vegetable tissue during food processing, but thermal inactivation of myrosinase
preserves some intact glucosinolates in cooked vegetables. Once ingested, any remaining intact glucosinolates may be broken
down by plant myrosinase in the small intestine, or by bacterial myrosinase in the colon. Isothiocyanates are absorbed from
the small bowel and colon, and the metabolites are detectable in human urine 2–3 h after consumption of brassica vegetables.
Isothiocyanates are potent inducers of Phase II enzymes in vitro, and they have been shown to increase the metabolism and detoxification of chemical carcinogens in vitro and in animal models. Some of these compounds also inhibit mitosis and stimulate apoptosis in human tumour cells, in vitro and in vivo. This second effect raises the possibility that in addition to blocking DNA damage, isothiocyanates may selectively inhibit
the growth of tumour cells even after initiation by chemical carcinogens. Epidemiological evidence supports the possibility
that glucosinolate breakdown products derived from brassica vegetables may protect against human cancers, especially those
of the gastrointestinal tract and lung. To define and exploit these potentially anticarcinogenic effects it is important to
understand and manipulate glucosinolate chemistry and metabolism across the whole food-chain, from production and processing
to consumption.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Stotz HU Sawada Y Shimada Y Hirai MY Sasaki E Krischke M Brown PD Saito K Kamiya Y 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2011,67(1):81-93
Plant secondary metabolites are known to facilitate interactions with a variety of beneficial and detrimental organisms, yet the contribution of specific metabolites to interactions with fungal pathogens is poorly understood. Here we show that, with respect to aliphatic glucosinolate‐derived isothiocyanates, toxicity against the pathogenic ascomycete Sclerotinia sclerotiorum depends on side chain structure. Genes associated with the formation of the secondary metabolites camalexin and glucosinolate were induced in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves challenged with the necrotrophic pathogen S. sclerotiorum. Unlike S. sclerotiorum, the closely related ascomycete Botrytis cinerea was not identified to induce genes associated with aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis in pathogen‐challenged leaves. Mutant plant lines deficient in camalexin, indole, or aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis were hypersusceptible to S. sclerotiorum, among them the myb28 mutant, which has a regulatory defect resulting in decreased production of long‐chained aliphatic glucosinolates. The antimicrobial activity of aliphatic glucosinolate‐derived isothiocyanates was dependent on side chain elongation and modification, with 8‐methylsulfinyloctyl isothiocyanate being most toxic to S. sclerotiorum. This information is important for microbial associations with cruciferous host plants and for metabolic engineering of pathogen defenses in cruciferous plants that produce short‐chained aliphatic glucosinolates. 相似文献
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C. Hall D. McCallum A. Prescott R. Mithen 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,102(2-3):369-374
Fine mapping of the glucosinolate biosynthesis gene OHP, which regulates the conversion of 3-methylsulphinylpropyl to 3-hydroxypropyl glucosinolate, in an Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia × Landsberg erecta RI line population positioned the gene within 54 kb of DNA on chromosome IV. Sequence data identified a family of genes encoding
2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases in this region. A probe based on these genes co-segregated with ALK in Brassica oleracea,a gene regulating the synthesis of alkenyl glucosinolates. The reactions catalysed by the OHP and ALK enzymes utilise similar substrates and may have a common mechanism. Thus, these dioxygenases are prime candidates for controlling
the side chain modification of glucosinolates.
Received: 12 May 2000 / Accepted: 29 May 2000 相似文献
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Jesse D. Bengtsson James G. Wallis Shuangyi Bai John Browse 《Plant biotechnology journal》2023,21(3):497-505
Reducing the saturate content of vegetable oils is key to increasing their utility and adoption as a feedstock for the production of biofuels. Expression of either the FAT5 16 : 0-CoA desaturase from Caenorhabditis elegans, or an engineered cyanobacterial 16 : 0/18 : 0-glycerolipid desaturase, DES9*, in seeds of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) substantially lowered oil saturates. However, because pathway fluxes and regulation of oil synthesis are known to differ across species, translating this transgene technology from the model plant to crop species requires additional investigation. In the work reported here, we found that high expression of FAT5 in seeds of camelina (Camelina sativa) provided only a moderate decrease in saturates, from 12.9% of total oil fatty acids in untransformed controls to 8.6%. Expression of DES9* reduced saturates to 4.6%, but compromised seed physiology and oil content. However, the coexpression of the two desaturases together cooperatively reduced saturates to only 4.0%, less than one-third of the level in the parental line, without compromising oil yield or seedling germination and establishment. Our successful lowering of oil saturates in camelina identifies strategies that can now be integrated with genetic engineering approaches that reduce polyunsaturates to provide optimized oil composition for biofuels in camelina and other oil seed crops. 相似文献
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Kimberly L. Falk Julia Kästner Natacha Bodenhausen Katharina Schramm Christian Paetz Daniel G. Vassão Michael Reichelt Dietrich von Knorre Joy Bergelson Matthias Erb Jonathan Gershenzon Stefan Meldau 《Molecular ecology》2014,23(5):1188-1203
Although slugs and snails play important roles in terrestrial ecosystems and cause considerable damage on a variety of crop plants, knowledge about the mechanisms of plant immunity to molluscs is limited. We found slugs to be natural herbivores of Arabidopsis thaliana and therefore investigated possible resistance mechanisms of this species against several molluscan herbivores. Treating wounded leaves with the mucus residue (‘slime trail’) of the Spanish slug Arion lusitanicus increased wound‐induced jasmonate levels, suggesting the presence of defence elicitors in the mucus. Plants deficient in jasmonate biosynthesis and signalling suffered more damage by molluscan herbivores in the laboratory and in the field, demonstrating that JA‐mediated defences protect A. thaliana against slugs and snails. Furthermore, experiments using A. thaliana mutants with altered levels of specific glucosinolate classes revealed the importance of aliphatic glucosinolates in defending leaves and reproductive structures against molluscs. The presence in mollusc faeces of known and novel metabolites arising from glutathione conjugation with glucosinolate hydrolysis products suggests that molluscan herbivores actively detoxify glucosinolates. Higher levels of aliphatic glucosinolates were found in plants during the night compared to the day, which correlated well with the nocturnal activity rhythms of slugs and snails. Our data highlight the function of well‐known antiherbivore defence pathways in resistance against slugs and snails and suggest an important role for the diurnal regulation of defence metabolites against nocturnal molluscan herbivores. 相似文献
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P. Roessingh E. Stdler G. R. Fenwick J. A. Lewis J. Kvist Nielsen J. Hurter T. Ramp 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1992,65(3):267-282
The role of glucosinolates in the oviposition behaviour of the cabbage root fly,Delia radicum (L.) (Diptera, Anthomyiidae) was investigated using egg counts and electrophysiological recordings from tarsal contact chemoreceptors.
The glucosinolates present both inside and on the surface of cauliflower leaves were determined. The total amounts obtained
with the two methods differed by a factor of 100. The extract of the leaf surface contained about 60 μg per g leaf extracted
(gle), the total leaf extract 7.5 mg per gle. The glucosinolate patterns of the two extracts were qualitatively similar, but
the ratios of the content of individual glucosinolates showed considerable differences.
The D sensilla on segment 3 and 4 of the tarsus ofD. radicum females were shown to contain a sensitive receptor cell for glucosinolates. In contrast, the receptor cells of the D sensilla
of the other segments did not respond in a dose dependent way to these compounds. The glucosinolate receptors were found to
be especially sensitive to glucobrassicin, gluconasturtiin and glucobrassicanapin with thresholds of about 10−8 M to 10−9 M. Large differences (up to two orders of magnitude) were observed among the different glucosinolates.
A significant correlation was found between the behavioural discrimination index and the electrophysiological results. But
no obvious correlation existed between the chemical nature of the glucosinolate side chain (e.g. indole, aromatic and aliphatic
groups), and their stimulatory activity. However, a significant correlation was found between the overall length of the side
chain and the biological activity.
Although the flies discriminated clearly between model leaves with and without glucosinolates, a clear dose response curve
was only obtained for the indole glucosinolate glucobrassicin. Since the most stimulatory fraction of the surface extract
contained no glucosinolates, it was concluded that other compounds, in addition to glucosinolates, do play an important role
for the stimulation of oviposition. 相似文献
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Twenty eight Brassica napus lines were developed which had contrasting leaf glucosinolate profiles to those found in commercial oilseed rape cultivars. The lines varied both in the total amount of aliphatic glucosinolates and in the ratio of different side chain structures. The lines were used in field experiments to assess the manner by which glucosinolates mediate the interactions between Brasssica and specialist pests (Psylliodes chrysocephala and Pieris rapae) and generalist pests (pigeons and slugs). Increases in the level of glucosinolates resulted in greater damage by adult flea beetles (P. chrysocephala) and a greater incidence of Pieris rapae larvae, but reduced the extent of grazing by pigeons and slugs. Decreasing the side chain length of aliphatic glucosinolates and reducing the extent of hydroxylation of butenyl glucosinolates increased the extent of adult flea beetle feeding. The implications of modifying the glucosinolate content of the leaves of oilseed rape and the role of these secondary metabolites in plant/herbivore interactions are discussed. 相似文献