中国蚋科新纪录,4

作者在整理采自黑龙江和辽宁的蚋科标本中,发现刮蚋属2个国内新纪录。 1.长毛刮蚋 Cnetha longipile(Rubzev,1956) 模式产地苏联的东西伯利亚(莫里卡河)。采自黑龙江省伊春市(五营,1982.Ⅷ.11),2030 ♀♀50幼虫和60蛹。幼虫与蛹孳生于小河里石块、树枝和草茎上,水温17℃,河宽3米,水深20厘米。共栖种有Cnetha paracornifera Yankovsky,1979。国外分布:苏联。 2.橧木刮蚋 Cnetha shogakii(Rubzov,1962)     

中国蚜科新纪录,4

在调查云南森林昆虫中发现下述种类为我国首次纪录。 大尾小长管蚜Macrosiphoniella grandicauda Takahashi et Kuwana, 1963,中国新纪录。采自云南丽江(林科所1980.V.23),各型孤雌蚜。寄主为艾蒿,盖满3—4寸嫩梢。活体叶绿色,体稍扁。不易从植物上坠落。国外分布于朝鲜、日本和印度。     

Production of zearalenone-4-glucoside,a-zearalenol-4-glucoside and ß-zearalenol-4-glucoside

The work at hand describes the production of the zearalenone (ZON) metabolites zearalenone-4-glucoside (ZON-4G), a-zearalenol-4-glucoside (oc-ZOL-4G) and ß-zearalenol-4-glucoside (ß-ZOL-4G). In a first step a genetically modified yeast strain, expressing theArabidopsis thaliana UDP-glu-cosyltransferase UGT73C6, was treated with ZON to produce ZON-4G. The substance was purified by solid phase extraction and subsequent reversed phase preparative HPLC prior to the reduction with sodium borohydride to yield 0C-ZOL-4G and ß-ZOL-4G. The identity and purity of the substances were confirmed by¹³C-and¹H-NMR as well as by HPLC-UV. In total, 50 mg of ZON were used to produce 5 mg of a-ZOL-4G with a purity of 98%, 6 mg of ß-ZOL-4G with a purity of 99% and 5 mg of ZON-4G with a purity of 99%.     

Fragmentation of realgar,As4S4, controlled by transition metalligand systems

The chemical behavior of the realgar molecule, As₄S₄, toward various (triphos)M moieties has been investigated. The reaction of As₄S₄ with [{MCl(cod)}₂] (M=Rh or Ir; cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene) in the presence of the ligand triphos [triphos=1,1,1- tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane] yields compounds of formula [(triphos)M(η³-As₃S₃)]·C₆H₆ containing the new As₃S₃ unit, which is trihapto bonded to the metal atom through one sulfur and two arsenic atoms. Such a As₃S₃ fragment is the largest one so far extruded from the realgar molecule. The As₄S₄ molecule undergoes more drastic disruptions in the reactions with Co(BF₄)₂·6H₂O and Ni(BF₄)₂·6H₂O in the presence of triphos. These results suggest that the fragmentation of the As₄S₄ molecule is controlled by the nature of the metal atom involved in the reaction.     

p18^INK4C,p19^INK4D的结构,功能及细胞分化

ｐ１８＾ＩＮＫ４Ｃ和ｐ１９ＩＮＫ４Ｄ是细胞周期调控中的两种抑制因子,属于ＣＫＩｓ中的ＩＮＫ４家族蛋白,具有周期依赖性表达模式,特异性抑制Ｇ１ＣＤＫ４／６的激酶活性。同时也参与一些组织的终末分化过程,在细胞增殖周期与分化调控方法发挥偶联作用。     

Characterization of a novel α4/4-conotoxin,Qcl.2, from vermivorous Conus quercinus

As part of continuing studies of the identification of gene organization and cloning of novel α-conotoxins, the first α4/4-conotoxin identified in a vermivorous Conus species, designated Qcl.2, was originally obtained by cDNA and genomic DNA cloning from Conus quercinus collected in the South China Sea. The predicted mature toxin of Qc1.2 contains 14 amino acid residues with two disulfide bonds （Ⅰ-Ⅲ, Ⅱ-Ⅳ connectivity） in a native globular configuration. The mature peptide of Qcl.2 is supposed to contain an N-terminal post-translationally processed pyroglutamate residue and a free carboxyl C-terminus. This peptide was chemically synthesized and refolded for further characterization of its functional properties. The synthetic Qcl.2 has two interconvertible conformations in aqueous solution, which may be due to the cis-trans isomerization of the two successive Pro residues in its first Cys loop. Using the Xenopus oocyte heterologous expression system, Qcl.2 was shown to selectively inhibit both rat neuronal α3β2 and α3β4 subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with low potency. A block of -63% and 37% of the ACh-evoked currents was observed, respectively, and the toxin dissociated rapidly from the receptors. Compared with other characterized α-conotoxin members, the unusual structural features in Qcl.2 that confer to its receptor recognition profile are addressed.     

孕早期产前诊断46,XX,rec(4)和46,XY,inv(4)及其家系的细胞遗传学研究

本文报道了用绒毛细胞直接制备染色体的方法,诊断出一个家系中3例染色体异常胎儿。一例核型为:46,XX,rec(4),dup p,inv(4)(P12 q35)pat;另外两例核型为:46,XY,inv(4)(p12 q35)Pat。对此家系2代中8人进行了染色体检查。其中3人核型为46,XY,inv(4)(P12q35)。3例胎儿的异常染色体是来自他们的父亲(4号染色体臂间倒位携带者)。并讨论了臂间倒位染色体携带者对后代的影响。     

GL3, a Novel 4β-Anilino-4′-O-Demethyl-4-Desoxypodophyllotoxin Analog,Traps Topoisomerase II Cleavage Complexes and Exerts Anticancer Activities

A novel VP-16 derivative, 4β-[N -(4?-acetyloxyl-phenyl-1?-carbonyl)-4″-aminoanilino]-4′-O-demethyl-4-desoxypodophyllotoxin (GL3), displayed a wide range of cytotoxicity in a panel of human tumor cell lines, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values ranging from 0.82 to 4.88 µM, much less than that of VP-16 (4.18–39.43 µM). Importantly, GL3 induces more significant apoptosis and cell cycle arrest than VP-16. The molecular and cellular machinery studies showed that GL3 functions as a topoisomerase II (Top 2) poison through direct binding to the enzyme, and the advanced cell-killing activities of GL3 were ascribed to its potent effects on trapping Top 2-DNA cleavage complex, Moreover, GL3-triggered DNA double-strand breaks and apoptotic cell death were in a Top 2-dependent manner, because the catalytic inhibitor aclarubicin attenuated these biologic consequences caused by Top 2 poisoning in GL3-treated cells. Taken together, among a series of 4β-anilino-4′-O-demethyl-4-desoxypodophyllotoxin analog, GL3 stood out by its improved anticancer activity and well-defined Top 2 poisoning mechanisms, which merited the potential value of GL3 as an anticancer lead compound/drug candidate deserving further development.     

CXCR4–SDF-1 Signalling, Locomotion, Chemotaxis and Adhesion

Chemokines, small pro-inflammatory chemoattractant cytokines, that bind to specific G-protein-coupled seven-span transmembrane receptors present on plasma membranes of target cells are the major regulators of cell trafficking. In addition some chemokines have been reported to modulate cell survival and growth. Moreover, compelling evidence is accumulating that cancer cells may employ several mechanisms involving chemokine-chemokine receptor axes during their metastasis that also regulate the trafficking of normal cells. Of all the chemokines, stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), an alpha-chemokine that binds to G-protein-coupled CXCR4, plays an important and unique role in the regulation of stem/progenitor cell trafficking. First, SDF-1 regulates the trafficking of CXCR4+ haemato/lymphopoietic cells, their homing/retention in major haemato/lymphopoietic organs and accumulation of CXCR4+ immune cells in tissues affected by inflammation. Second, CXCR4 plays an essential role in the trafficking of other tissue/organ specific stem/progenitor cells expressing CXCR4 on their surface, e.g., during embryo/organogenesis and tissue/organ regeneration. Third, since CXCR4 is expressed on several tumour cells, these CXCR4 positive tumour cells may metastasize to the organs that secrete/express SDF-1 (e.g., bones, lymph nodes, lung and liver). SDF-1 exerts pleiotropic effects regulating processes essential to tumour metastasis such as locomotion of malignant cells, their chemoattraction and adhesion, as well as plays an important role in tumour vascularization. This implies that new therapeutic strategies aimed at blocking the SDF-1-CXCR4 axis could have important applications in the clinic by modulating the trafficking of haemato/lymphopoietic cells and inhibiting the metastatic behaviour of tumour cells as well. In this review, we focus on a role of the SDF-1-CXCR4 axis in regulating the metastatic behaviour of tumour cells and discuss the molecular mechanisms that are essential to this process.     

2011 In Vitro Biology Meeting,June 4–8, Raleigh,North Carolina

LATE ABSTRACTS

2011 In Vitro Biology Meeting, June 4–8, Raleigh, North Carolina Late Submission Abstracts     

Mixed-function oxygenase in juvenile rainbow trout exposed to hexachlorobenzene or 3, 3′, 4, 4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl

• 1.1. 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77), but not hexachlorobenzene, induced liver micro-somal cytochrome P-450 (Cyt P-450), ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECOD) and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) in rainbow trout. Maximum induction was observed in a PCB 77 injected group of fish (1.0mg/kg, i.p. injection) 13 days after the injections being 2, 10 and 50 times the values of non-induced fish, respectively.
• 2.2. The apparent K_m value of ethoxyresorufin of this induced group of fish differed only slightly from that of non-induced fish. The apparent V_max value (EROD) was 50 times higher.
• 3.3. Freezing small pieces of liver in liquid nitrogen did not produce cytochrome P-420.
• 4.4. Fluorimetric and spectrophotometric measurements of EROD correlated.

     

C4水稻,我们的新挑战

自从上个世纪60年代末C4光合途径发现以来,人们对工程改造现有C3粮食作物使之具有C4光合能力进行了大量努力。目前,大量分子、生理和基因组水平研究的进展和证据表明,该目标将可能在10～15年之内实现。本综述结合目前国际C4研究的现状,详述了该领域目前所涉各项研究内容的理论依据。我们首先总结过去的经典杂交实验,然后论证新一代测序技术与C4光合研究模式系统狐尾草（Setaria viridis）的发展极大的促进了我们对C4光合特征遗传发育相关基因的发现与鉴定。最后,我们强调虽然C4光合工程改造的研究目前已在世界各国大规模展开,但其最终成功仍有赖于不同国家研究基金及私立慈善基金的大力和长期共同资助。     

赤霉素A4,A7的研究进展

赤霉素Ａ＿４、Ａ＿７的研究进展颜方贵,秦杰,何增国,李季伦（北京农业大学生物学院,北京１０００９４）赤霉素Ａ＿３（ＧＡ＿３）是目前应用最广的植物生长激素之一。随着研究的深入,对该族的其它同系物,特别是ＧＡ＿４、ＧＡ＿７越来越受到重视,这是由于ＧＡ＿４...     

Studies on Glycosides of 3, 4, 6-Trisubstituted Pyrazolo-[3, 4-D]Pyrimidines. Synthesis of 2′-Deoxyribonucleosides

Abstract

A synthesis of 4,6-dimethylthio-1-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile (4) is described using the stereospecific sodium salt glycosylation procedure. Condensation of the sodium salt of 4,6-dimethylthiopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile (1) with 1-chloro-2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-α-D-eythro-pentofuranose (2) gave exclusively the corresponding blocked nucleoside (3) with β-anomeric configuration, which on deprotection provided 2′-deoxyriboside 4. Aglycone functional groups transformations of 4 led to related 3,4,6-trisubstituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-2′-deoxynucleosides. These compounds are devoid of any significant cytotoxic activity in vitro.     

Differing requirements for CCR4, E-selectin, and α4β1 for the migration of memory CD4 and activated T cells to dermal inflammation

CCR4 on T cells is suggested to mediate skin homing in mice. Our objective was to determine the interaction of CCR4, E-selectin ligand (ESL), and α(4)β(1) on memory and activated T cells in recruitment to dermal inflammation. mAbs to rat CCR4 were developed. CCR4 was on 5-21% of memory CD4 cells, and 20% were also ESL(+). Anti-TCR-activated CD4 and CD8 cells were 40-55% CCR4(+), and ～75% of both CCR4(+) and CCR4(-) cells were ESL(+). CCR4(+) memory CD4 cells migrated 4- to 7-fold more to dermal inflammation induced by IFN-γ, TNF, TLR agonists, and delayed-type hypersensitivity than CCR4(-) cells. CCR4(+) activated CD4 cells migrated only 5-50% more than CCR4(-) cells to these sites. E-selectin blockade inhibited ～60% of CCR4(+) activated CD4 cell migration but was less effective on memory cells where α(4)β(1) was more important. Anti-α(4)β(1) also inhibited CCR4(-) activated CD4 cells more than CCR4(+) cells. Anti-E-selectin reduced activated CD8 more than CD4 cell migration. These findings modify our understanding of CCR4, ESL, α(4)β(1), and dermal tropism. There is no strict relationship between CCR4 and ESL for skin homing of CD4 cells, because the activation state and inflammatory stimulus are critical determinants. Dermal homing memory CD4 cells express CCR4 and depend more on α(4)β(1) than ESL. Activated CD4 cells do not require CCR4, but CCR4(+) cells are more dependent on ESL than on α(4)β(1), and CCR4(-) cells preferentially use α(4)β(1). The differentiation from activated to memory CD4 cells increases the dependence on CCR4 for skin homing and decreases the requirement for ESL.     

Molecular properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from C3, C3−C4 intermediate,and C4 Flaveria species

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase; EC 4.1.1.31) from Flaveria trinervia Mohr (C₄), F. floridana Johnston (C₃–C₄), and F. cronquistii Powell (C₃) leaves were compared by electrotransfer blotting/enzyme-linked immunoassay (Western-blot analysis), mobility of the native enzyme in polyacrylamide gels and in isoelectric focusing (IEF) gels, peptide mapping, and in-vitro translation of RNA isolated from each plant. The PEPCases from the C₃ and C₃–C₄ plants were very similar to each other in terms of electrophoretic mobilities on gels and isoenzyme patterns on IEF gels, and identical in peptide mapping. Quantitative differences were noted, however, in that the C₃–C₄ intermediate plant contained more PEPCase overall and that the relative activity of individual isoenzymes shifted between the C₃ and C₃–C₄ intermediate PEPCases. The PEPCase from the C₄ plant had a different isoenzyme pattern, a different peptide map, and was far more abundant than the other two enzymes. Western blot analysis demonstrated the cross-reactivity of PEPCases from all three Flaveria species with antibody raised against maize PEPCase. The results provide evidence, at the molecular level, that supports the view of C₃–C₄ intermediate species as C₃-like plants with some C₄-like photosynthetic characteristics, but there are differences from the C₃ plant in the quantity and properties of the PEPCase from the C₃–C₄ intermediate plant.Abbreviations IEF isoelectric focusing - kDa kilodalton - PEPCase phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase - Rubisco Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase     

Genomics, Proteomics ＆ Bioinformatics Volume 4 2006 CONTENTS

Number 1Review Sequence Similarity and Functional Relationship Among Eukaryotic ZIP and CDF Transporters 1 Taiho Kambe, Tomoyuki Suzuki, Masaya Nagao, and Yuko Yamaguchi-Iwai Articles Changes of Nuclear Matrix Proteins Following the Differentiation of Human Osteosarcoma MG-63 Cells 10 Chun-Hong Zhao, Qi-Fu Li, Yan Zhao, Jing-Wen Niu, Zhi-Xing Li, and Jin-An Chen Effect of 5-azacytidine on the Protein Expression of Porcine Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in vitro Neng…