基于Web of Science的国际海草研究文献计量评价

海草及其与周围环境形成的海草场是近海海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,具有多种重要的生态服务功能。相较于红树林和珊瑚礁,国内外学者和公众对海草的关注度偏低,至今对国际海草研究的现状、趋势和热点等的认识还较为有限。检索了1983-2017年Web of Science的SCI-E数据库中收录的海草研究相关文献,借助文献计量信息可视化分析方法,从年度发文量、研究力量和研究热点与主题等方面进行了较为系统的文献计量评价,以期阐明国内外海草研究的态势与热点。结果表明:1983-2017年间国际海草研究的文献数量总体呈明显上升趋势,该领域发文量排前3位的国家是美国、澳大利亚和西班牙;全球发文量最多的机构是佛罗里达州立大学,其次是西班牙高等科学研究理事会与美国国家海洋和大气管理局;发文总量较多的作者是Duarte CM、Marba N和Fourqurean JW,近3年发文量最高的是学者Santos R;刊文量最多的期刊分别是《Marine Ecology Progress Series》、《Aquatic Botany》和《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》,刊文量前15期刊中影响因子最高的是《Limnology and Oceanography》(3.969)。在国家、机构与作者合作方面,西班牙、丹麦、荷兰、墨西哥4个国家形成了关系密切的合作网络,西班牙高等科学研究理事会和美国国家海洋和大气管理局是海草研究机构合作网络中的两个中心,Duarte CM、Marba N等较多学者间有紧密的学术合作关系。通过高频关键词的关联关系分析,表明该领域的3个热点研究主题,即环境(污染)胁迫对海草场的影响、海草的生长与生理生态和海草及其相关生态系统的结构与功能。中国科学院、中国海洋大学等机构为我国海草研究做出了重要贡献,但由于研究起步较晚,我国学者的发文量、篇均被引频次等与欧美国家学者存在一定差距,但近几年的发文量增长迅速,预计未来的发展趋势良好。     

What data analytics can or cannot do for climate change studies: An inventory of interactive visual tools

Currently, there is extensive usage of climate datasets aimed at predicting future climate variability and its impacts on the environment, economy, and society. To gain insights into the landscape of interactive visual tools built to compare and analyze climate data, a study of publications from 1990 to 2021 is performed. The survey establishes the evolution of publications, most frequently used keywords, evolution of citations, and the most productive research categories, authors, institutions, journals/publishers, and countries. Furthermore, a keyword co-occurrence analysis is conducted to reveal research trends as well as gaps that require further development. Particularly, it is found that analytical tools that visualize and compare climate modelling data with their historically observed values remain by far an underexplored area within the domain.     

A bibliometric analysis of research trends in bat echolocation studies between 1970 and 2021

Bats are among the few mammals that have acquired a sophisticated echolocation ability, attracting considerable attention for their uniqueness. Over the past 50 years, numerous research projects have been designed to study bat echolocation. The overall trend is complex and the dynamics of those publications are difficult to capture. In this study, we conducted quantitative bibliometric analyses of academic articles to identify global research trends in bat echolocation. Data were retrieved from the Web of Science, with 2914 articles sampled in our dataset from 1970 to 2021. We analyzed the global research trends in terms of annual publications, active journals, authors, institutions, and countries. We identified growth trends in the past 50 years, to which the United States was found to be the largest contributor. The University of Bristol, the University of Munich, and the Smithsonian Institute were the representative institutions of publication records. Meanwhile, Acta Chiropterologica, Journal of Experimental Biology, and Journal of the Acoustical Society of America were the top three active platforms for bat echolocation research. Co-occurrence analysis of keywords identified five clusters that correspond to five major research topics in bat echolocation: “habitat use and conservation,” “evolution,” “physiology and nervous system,” “communication and social call,” and “hunting and predation.” The overlay visualization indicated that studies on the evolution of bat echolocation had become the latest research trend, which we summarized and reviewed. Lastly, based on the results obtained, we discussed the importance of future directions for integrative multi-omics studies to uncover the mechanisms and evolution of bat echolocation.     

氮肥农学效应与环境效应国际研究发展态势

分析国内外农田氮素农学效应和环境效应研究的发展动态、研究热点,为以后研究农田氮素效应提供参考。基于ISI Web of Science数据库,检索出以"农田氮肥施用"为主题的所有SCI论文(1957—2014年8月),并分别提取出与"农学效应"、"环境效应"、"适宜施氮量"相关的文献,采用计量学方法,分析各研究方向的主要热点、研究机构、发文期刊和高被引论文等。共检索出关于农田施氮研究的SCI文献7460篇,其中与"农学效应"研究相关的文献2773篇,主要涉及到施氮肥对小麦、玉米、水稻、大豆等作物产量、氮素利用率和土壤有机碳的影响;与"环境效应"研究相关的文献1609篇,主要涉及到氮肥施用对氨挥发、硝化反硝化、温室气体排放、硝酸盐淋失、地下水水质等环境因素的影响;与"适宜施氮量"研究相关的文献408篇,主要涉及氮肥施用量、氮肥管理等。刊发各类研究成果最多的机构主要来自欧美发达国家,影响力大的期刊与高被引论文也主要来自欧美国家,中国在该领域的研究发展迅速,以中国科学院、中国农业大学、南京农业大学和中国农业科学院等为代表的中国研究机构的研究水平逐渐进入世界前列。文献计量学可用于分析农田氮素效应主题的研究热点和发展态势,目前氮素农学效应仍是研究的重点,随着当前环境污染问题日益突出,农田氮素环境效应研究越来越多,特别是氮流失对水体水质的影响备受关注,而基于氮素综合效应确定农田适宜施氮量是同时保障粮食安全和环境安全的有效措施。中国在相关研究领域的研究起步较晚,高影响力论文偏少,优秀国际期刊不足,但研究实力不断增加,研究成果也逐渐被国际社会所认可。     

The Geographical and Institutional Distribution of Ecological Research in the Tropics

We reviewed 1333 papers published in Biotropica and the Journal of Tropical Ecology from 1995 to 2004. Only 62 percent of tropical countries were represented in our survey, with 62 percent of the publications based on research conducted in only ten countries. Sixty-two percent of papers had lead authors that were based at institutions outside the country where the research was conducted. Cross-national collaboration was limited, accounting for only 28 percent of papers with multiple authors. To evaluate if our choice of focal journals could have biased our results, we also reviewed 652 papers published in Ecology , Oecologia , Conservation Biology , and Biological Conservation for five randomly selected years from the same time period. While some differences in authorship and the geographic distribution of research existed, the results from these journals generally mirrored patterns observed in the two focal ones—almost 54 percent of publications were based on research conducted in only ten countries, and most studies had lead authors from a developed country. The results of our review suggest that the geographical distribution of research in the tropics is unequal, and that some important regions remain understudied. The results also suggest a need for a greater focus on establishing collaborative relationships with scientists from tropical countries.     

基于近10年红球菌发展的文献计量分析

【背景】近些年,越来越多的研究集中在红球菌上,很少有研究人员对现有文献进行全面回顾。【目的】为了探究国内外红球菌领域的研究热点、前沿和未来发展趋势,以便为后续研究人员提供全面直观的参考。【方法】对近10年发表在Web of Science的红球菌领域论文进行统计分析和文献计量分析。通过VOSviewer文献可视化软件绘制作者标签视图和关键词共现网络图。【结果】全球有关红球菌领域的发文量总体呈逐年上升趋势,发表期刊多为微生物学领域的专科期刊,中国和美国的文章发表数和引用数远超其他国家,红球菌的研究内容也主要集中在生物催化、生物降解和非核糖体肽合成酶等方面。【结论】红球菌在世界范围内越来越受到重视,并逐渐成为研究热点,国家和研究机构应继续加强合作,推动红球菌领域的继续发展。     

Trends in health policy and systems research over the past decade: still too little capacity in low-income countries

BACKGROUND: The past decade has seen several high-level events and documents committing to strengthening the field of health policy and systems research (HPSR) as a critical input to strengthening health systems. Specifically, they called for increased production, capacity to undertake and funding for HPSR. The objective of this paper is to assess the extent to which progress has been achieved, an important feedback for stakeholders in this field. METHODS AND FINDING: Two sources of data have been used. The first is a bibliometric analysis to assess growth in production of HPSR between 2003 and 2009. The six building blocks of the health system were used to define the scope of this search. The second is a survey of 96 research institutions undertaken in 2010 to assess the capacity and funding availability to undertake HPSR, compared with findings from the same survey undertaken in 2000 and 2008. Both analyses focus on HPSR relevant to low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Overall, we found an increasing trend of publications on HPSR in LMICs, although only 4% were led by authors from low-income countries (LICs). This is consistent with findings from the institutional survey, where despite improvements in infrastructure of research institutions, a minimal change has been seen in the level of experience of researchers within LIC institutions. Funding availability in LICs has increased notably to institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa; nonetheless, the overall increase has been modest in all regions. CONCLUSION: Although progress has been made in both the production and funding availability for HPSR, capacity to undertake the research locally has grown at a much slower pace, particularly in LICs where there is most need for this research. A firm commitment to dedicate a proportion of all future funding for research to building capacity may be the only solution to turn the tide.     

基于Web of Science的生酮饮食与肠道菌群研究文献计量学分析

基于Web of Science数据库分析生酮饮食与肠道菌群研究的相关文献,明确研究热点与趋势,为日后相关研究提供参考。

通过对Web of Science核心数据库进行主题词字段检索,于2022年10月23日完成检索,应用文献计量学方法与CiteSpace软件,对机构、期刊、共被引及关键词等文献特征进行统计学分析。

共获得有效文献186篇,发文总量较低,但呈不断增长的趋势;发文量多及影响力高的国家、机构多分布于美国、意大利、中国等;期刊与高被引文献的研究方向重点涉及营养学和癫痫研究;研究热点逐渐由生酮饮食影响肠道菌群组成与患者临床特征变化转变为分析相关机制及临床干预研究;研究趋势为抗生素、双盲试验、难治性癫痫。

近年来,国内外学者对生酮饮食与肠道菌群的关注度明显提高,已形成小范围的机构合作团队。研究热点与前沿对未来生酮饮食与肠道菌群研究的新方式、新思路具有导向价值,我国仍需加强对该方向的研究。

     

大熊猫研究文献计量分析

大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)是我国特有的珍稀物种,因其重要的生态学地位、独有的文化价值和独特的演化历史,长期以来一直受到中外科研工作者的广泛关注,并发表了大量的科研论文和著作。然而,对这些海量科研成果的系统分析和总结,尤其是采用可视化手段进行分析和梳理的研究,却未见报道。基于Web of Science和中国知网(CNKI)两个文献数据库,以大熊猫为主题,从年度分布、研究主体(作者、机构、国家)和研究内容3个方面对1929年以来的1221条英文文献和1955年以来的1670条中文文献进行了计量分析,并利用可视化软件CiteSpace分析了研究主体间的合作网络以及关键词的共现关系,以期回顾国内外在自然科学领域针对大熊猫的研究历程,揭示该领域的研究现状和发展趋势。     

基于VOSviewer的肝硬化肠道微生态研究的可视化分析——

分析肝硬化肠道微生态的研究现状、热点及前沿趋势。

检索Web of Science（WOS）核心数据库建库至2020年12月31日的肝硬化肠道微生态研究的英文文章。通过文献计量分析软件VOSviewer分析发文国家、机构、作者和本研究领域的热点和前沿方向。

共检索到848篇文章。美国的Virginia Commonwealth University是肝硬化肠道微生态相关文章发表最多的机构。国外学者Bajaj JS在该领域发文量最高。肝硬化肠道微生态相关研究在《Hepatology》上的发表数量最多,为48篇。研究热点可概括为肝性脑病、代谢性肝病、菌群失衡与炎症感染等。

通过对肝硬化肠道微生态研究热点和新兴趋势进行可视化分析,为肝硬化肠道微生态的研究人员及研究单位提供了研究方向及潜在合作可能。

     

Scientific Wealth in Middle East and North Africa: Productivity,Indigeneity, and Specialty in 1981–2013

Several developing countries seek to build knowledge-based economies by attempting to expand scientific research capabilities. Characterizing the state and direction of progress in this arena is challenging but important. Here, we employ three metrics: a classical metric of productivity (publications per person), an adapted metric which we denote as Revealed Scientific Advantage (developed from work used to compare publications in scientific fields among countries) to characterize disciplinary specialty, and a new metric, scientific indigeneity (defined as the ratio of publications with domestic corresponding authors) to characterize the locus of scientific activity that also serves as a partial proxy for local absorptive capacity. These metrics—using population and publications data that are available for most countries–allow the characterization of some key features of national scientific enterprise. The trends in productivity and indigeneity when compared across other countries and regions can serve as indicators of strength or fragility in the national research ecosystems, and the trends in specialty can allow regional policy makers to assess the extent to which the areas of focus of research align (or not align) with regional priorities. We apply the metrics to study the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)—a region where science and technology capacity will play a key role in national economic diversification. We analyze 9.8 million publication records between 1981–2013 in 17 countries of MENA from Morocco to Iraq and compare it to selected countries throughout the world. The results show that international collaborators increasingly drove the scientific activity in MENA. The median indigeneity reached 52% in 2013 (indicating that almost half of the corresponding authors were located in foreign countries). Additionally, the regional disciplinary focus in chemical and petroleum engineering is waning with modest growth in the life sciences. We find repeated patterns of stagnation and contraction of scientific activity for several MENA countries contributing to a widening productivity gap on an international comparative yardstick. The results prompt questions about the strength of the developing scientific enterprise and highlight the need for consistent long-term policy for effectively addressing regional challenges with domestic research.     

Analysis of publications in three plastic surgery journals for the year 2002

The goal of this study was to analyze the publications in the plastic surgery literature for the year 2002. Contents of these articles, authors' information (such as nationality affiliation of the first author), type of institution, presence of grant support, and previous presentation were analyzed. For inclusion in this study, the publications had to be original articles from the three most frequently read general plastic surgery journals: Annals of Plastic Surgery, British Journal of Plastic Surgery, and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. With this approach, 533 articles were included in the study. To give a cross-sectional analysis of the content of all articles, 11 distinct categories were created in which all the articles were subsummarized. The categories were based on anatomical regions and specific plastic surgical areas. A summary is given for each of the categories to provide an overview of the field in which most of the research in plastic surgery was taking place in 2002 and which topics were focused on. The authors found that only 7 percent of all articles had grant support, whereas 36 percent of articles were presented previously during a scientific meeting. Most of the articles came from university-based institutions (68 percent), followed by non-university-based institutions (29 percent) and private practice (3 percent). Regarding nationality affiliation, most of the articles came from the United States (n = 229) and Europe (n = 128); in Asia, Turkey (n = 39) and Japan (n = 36) were the countries with the most published articles.     

A bibliometric analysis of research papers published on photosynthesis: 1992–2009

We present here a bibliometric analysis of publications on photosynthesis research from 1992 to 2009 in the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) Web of Science. This has allowed us to examine the growing trends and the key topics on this subject. We have assessed the document type, language of the publications, publication output, subject category, journal distribution, countries and territories of these publications, institutions involved, hot topics and highly cited papers. The top 30 countries/territories were ranked according to their total number of articles (TA), single country articles (SCA), internationally collaborative articles (ICA), first author articles (FAA) and corresponding author articles (CAA). Research directions on the subject of photosynthesis were also investigated and evaluated by statistically analyzing the distribution of author keywords in the database. Our analysis indicates that “water”, “stress”, “carbon dioxide”, “nitrogen” and “climate change” are hot topics of research on photosynthesis during this period.     

Peptide Toxins in Sea Anemones: Structural and Functional Aspects

Sea anemones are a rich source of two classes of peptide toxins, sodium channel toxins and potassium channel toxins, which have been or will be useful tools for studying the structure and function of specific ion channels. Most of the known sodium channel toxins delay channel inactivation by binding to the receptor site 3 and most of the known potassium channel toxins selectively inhibit Kv1 channels. The following peptide toxins are functionally unique among the known sodium or potassium channel toxins: APETx2, which inhibits acid-sensing ion channels in sensory neurons; BDS-I and II, which show selectivity for Kv3.4 channels and APETx1, which inhibits human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channels. In addition, structurally novel peptide toxins, such as an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like toxin (gigantoxin I), have also been isolated from some sea anemones although their functions remain to be clarified.     

基于文献计量的植物雌雄异株研究进展

雌雄异株植物是研究植物性别的理想材料,同时作为生态系统的重要组成部分,对生物多样性的维持与保护起着重要作用。该文从文献计量学角度综述了雌雄异株植物相关研究的进展。通过检索Web of Science(WOS)平台的SCI-E数据库和CNKI数据库的有关雌雄异株研究的文献数据,从文献年代分布、期刊分布、研究国家与机构、核心作者和高引论文等方面进行了分析,并借助CitespaceⅢ信息可视化软件绘制雌雄异株植物研究的科学知识图谱,总结了雌雄异株研究的热点和前沿。结果表明:WOS数据库中,雌雄异株植物研究呈现快速上升趋势,就发文总量来看,发文前五的国家为美国、日本、加拿大、英格兰和中国。其中,美国发文量占比为31.03%;中国科学院为发文量最多的机构,发文占比3.36%,其次为牛津大学(2.613%),多伦多大学位列第三(2.427%);中国,巴西和印度三国,西班牙马萨里克大学和北京林业大学两个研究机构近5年来在该领域发文增量较快。论文主要集中在植物科学、环境科学与生态学和遗传学等学科。载文量前十位的期刊累计载文占比高达24.13%,发文量最多的期刊为American Journal of Botany,占总发文量的6.07%,其次为Evolution(2.80%),Annals of Botany(2.52%)排名第三。发文最多的作者为捷克科学院的VYSKOT B,发文占总数的2.57%,高引论文大多出自美国学者之手。从CNKI数据库看,西华师范大学、北京林业大学和河南师范大学发文数量位列前三,发文量最高的期刊为《生命世界》,占总发文量的3.00%。综合Web of Science和CNKI两大数据库的文献来看,青杨和番木瓜作为研究雌雄异株植物的模式植物,近年发文较多。当前的研究热点主要集中在雌雄性别决定,繁殖代价,雌雄个体对环境因子的响应差异等方面。     

基于CiteSpace软件的丛枝菌根真菌近30年研究态势分析

丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌为植物专性共生真菌,可与大多数陆生植物共生,在植物养分吸收、抵御不良环境、维持生态平衡和植物多样性等方面具有重要作用。为了解AM真菌研究发展现状,本文运用CiteSpace软件,对1990–2020年Web of Science和CNKI数据库中的关键词、文献所属国家、机构、期刊、核心文献与作者进行可视化分析。结果表明,该领域发文量不断增长,其中美国发文量和中心度最高,中国发文量位居第二。国际研究机构中,西班牙高等学术研究委员会中心度最高,中国科学院发文量最高。通过对核心文献共被引和关键词突现及聚类分析发现,AM真菌研究领域不断拓展,研究深度不断增加。20世纪90年代开始,以新种描述、分类系统不断完善及培养技术改进为主;在各地菌种资源库逐步建立后,接种实验及效果评价相关研究逐渐增加;近年来环境变化的加剧使得重金属、干旱与盐胁迫以及植物修复等成为突现词。AM真菌共生的分子机理及与其他微生物的相互作用机制也成为当前研究热点。     

微生物与肺癌研究的知识图谱构建及可视化分析

【背景】微生物与肺癌的发生发展密切相关，该领域研究已成为国内外持续关注的焦点。【目的】对微生物与肺癌相关的文献进行文献计量分析，分析该领域的研究现状和发展趋势，为后续研究提供参考。【方法】收集Web of Science Core Collection （WOSCC）、中国知网（China National Knowledge Infrastructure，CNKI）、万方（Wanfang）与维普（VIP database for Chinese technical periodicals，VIP）等数据库的文献数据，并通过CiteSpace和VOSviewer对其年发文量、国家/地区、关键词进行可视化分析。【结果】共收录中文文献143篇，英文文献278篇。中国是发文量最多的国家。关键词分析显示，肺癌、肠道微生物、免疫治疗等关键词是该领域的研究热点。【结论】在过去20年中人们已关注到微生物在肺癌致病机制、诊断和治疗中的作用。通过对比这些数据库发现，国内外关注的热点话题基本一致。但该领域仍处于早期发展阶段，研究相对不成熟，缺乏广泛密切的国际合作，未来应进一步加强对该领域前沿热点的深入研究。本文结果有助于研究人员进一步了解该领域前沿热点及发展趋势，为后续研究的深入探索提供参考。     

Evolution of ionic channels of biological membranes

This paper presents a view of the evolution and phylogenetic distribution of ionic channels of biological membranes. The view is based on the assumptions that ionic channels (1) appeared very early in the history of life, (2) have evolved from a common ancestor, and (3) have been subjected to evolutionary pressure to reach precision and high speed of signaling. We propose that Ca2+ was the intracellular messenger and modulator of the most primitive biological systems, which implies that the first channel to appear may have been a calcium channel. Then, very soon the entire group of potassium channels evolved from the calcium channel to improve the shape of signals and to restore initial conditions. Sodium channels probably appeared relatively late, diversifying from calcium channels in the early metazoan groups. Mainly because Na+ ions do not interfere with cellular metabolism (thus allowing the inward current--and, consequently, the speed of conduction--to be greatly increased), sodium channels probably proved advantageous in the generation of the action potential, and selection replaced calcium channels with sodium channels in this function. Finally, with the acquisition of multicellularity, channels responsible for synaptic transmission appeared. The case of the acetylcholine receptor channel is briefly discussed.     

Using Co-authorship Networks to Map and Analyse Global Neglected Tropical Disease Research with an Affiliation to Germany

Background

Research on Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) has increased in recent decades, and significant need-gaps in diagnostic and treatment tools remain. Analysing bibliometric data from published research is a powerful method for revealing research efforts, partnerships and expertise. We aim to identify and map NTD research networks in Germany and their partners abroad to enable an informed and transparent evaluation of German contributions to NTD research.

Methodology/Principal Findings

A SCOPUS database search for articles with German author affiliations that were published between 2002 and 2012 was conducted for kinetoplastid and helminth diseases. Open-access tools were used for data cleaning and scientometrics (OpenRefine), geocoding (OpenStreetMaps) and to create (Table2Net), visualise and analyse co-authorship networks (Gephi). From 26,833 publications from around the world that addressed 11 diseases, we identified 1,187 (4.4%) with at least one German author affiliation, and we processed 972 publications for the five most published-about diseases. Of those, we extracted 4,007 individual authors and 863 research institutions to construct co-author networks. The majority of co-authors outside Germany were from high-income countries and Brazil. Collaborations with partners on the African continent remain scattered. NTD research within Germany was distributed among 220 research institutions. We identified strong performers on an individual level by using classic parameters (number of publications, h-index) and social network analysis parameters (betweenness centrality). The research network characteristics varied strongly between diseases.

Conclusions/Significance

The share of NTD publications with German affiliations is approximately half of its share in other fields of medical research. This finding underlines the need to identify barriers and expand Germany’s otherwise strong research activities towards NTDs. A geospatial analysis of research collaborations with partners abroad can support decisions to strengthen research capacity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, which were less involved in collaborations than high-income countries. Identifying knowledge hubs within individual researcher networks complements traditional scientometric indicators that are used to identify opportunities for collaboration. Using free tools to analyse research processes and output could facilitate data-driven health policies. Our findings contribute to the prioritisation of efforts in German NTD research at a time of impending local and global policy decisions.