共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
《Journal of Plant Interactions》2013,8(4):249-259
Abstract The effect of Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 on the micropropagation of three fruit rootstocks: Mr.S 2/5 plum (Prunus cerasifera×P. spinosa), GF 677 hybrid (Prunus persica×P. amigdalus), and MM 106 apple (Northen Spy×M1) was assessed. Rooted shoots were treated with 3×107 of Sp245 cells during transplantation from in vitro cultures to the acclimatization phase. After 60 days, growth parameters were positively affected by Sp245 inoculum. In the case of Mr.S 2/5, an increase in rootstock stem length and node number by 37% and 42%, respectively, compared to the control was noted. In the case of GF 677, the bacterial inoculum increased stem length and node number by up to the 75% and 65%, respectively, compared to the control. The inoculum did not exert on MM 106 for both parameters suggesting that the effects of Sp245 could depend on a specific clone-microbe association. In all cases, however, a higher vigor, consistent with a wider leaf area, was present in the inoculated plantlets demonstrating that the use of Azospirillum can significantly contribute to optimize plant performance during the phase of adaptation of plants to post-vitrum conditions. 相似文献
2.
Leander Depypere Peter Chaerle Peter Breyne Kristine Vander Mijnsbrugge Paul Goetghebeur 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2009,279(1-4):219-231
Multivariate analysis of both endocarp and leaf morphometrics is combined with cluster analysis and Bayesian inference of AFLP markers to assess the morphologic and genetic variation of five European members of Prunus section Prunus (P. cerasifera, P. domestica, P. insititia, P. spinosa, and P. × fruticans). Endocarp morphometrics separate most Prunus taxa studied, but overlap remains between P. domestica and P. cerasifera, and P. spinosa and P. × fruticans. Leaf morphometrics yield better separation of P. domestica and P. cerasifera, but do not allow distinction between P. spinosa and P. × fruticans. Both cluster analysis and PCoA of AFLP markers equally produce three distinct clusters. A first consists of all P. cerasifera samples and the sole P. cocomilia; a second cluster includes all individuals of P. domestica and P. insititia; and a third group comprises all P. spinosa and P. × fruticans samples. 相似文献
3.
T. E. Sotiropoulos K. N. Dimassi V. Tsirakoglou I. N. Therios 《Biologia Plantarum》2006,50(3):477-480
The in vitro response of two Prunus rootstocks: GF 677 (Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus), and Nemared (Prunus persica) to increasing concentrations of KCl of the culture medium was studied. Shoots were grown in vitro for 8 weeks on an Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40 or 80 mM KCl. By increasing KCl concentration
from 0 to 40 mM, the number of shoots per explant was not significantly affected for both rootstocks. However, Nemared rootstock
formed more shoots per explant than GF 677 under respective KCl concentrations of the medium. Inclusion of 80 mM KCl in the
medium resulted in a reduction of growth of both rootstocks. Sodium, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentration in tissues of Nemared rootstock
were significantly higher than the respective values of GF 677. 相似文献
4.
GUNNAR FRIDBORG 《Physiologia plantarum》1971,25(3):436-440
Callus isolated from aerial bulbs of Allium cepa var. proliferum was grown in agar and liquid cultures on a synthetic medium containing 5 × 10?6M 2,4-D. Root formation occurred in the absence of 2,4-D and was highly stimulated by 5 × 10?6M NAA. Cytokinin was not necessary for growth and organ formation but slightly stimulated the formation of leafy buds. Combinations of NAA or IAA and cytokinin stimulated growth and root formation to a greater extent than anyone of these substances added alone. Pieces of callus in liquid culture developed roots in one week in root-inducing medium, but bud or embryo formation was not observed in liquid cultures. 相似文献
5.
Summary The genetic relationships between two Prunus species, involved in rootstock breeding, were examined at the level of the ribosomal RNA genes. Twenty clones of P. cerasifera, a diploid species, and 12 clones of P. spinosa, a tetraploid wild species, were studied. The use of three heterologous ribosomal DNA probes covering different regions of the ribosomal tandem repeats enabled us to construct restriction maps for EcoRI and BamHI. We identified two unit types (unit I and unit II) in P. cerasifera. In P. spinosa, P. cerasifera units were present in addition to a third ribosomal unit type (unit III). These results appeared to confirm previous cytological studies (Salesses 1973) indicating that one of the genomes in P.spinosa has homology with the one from P. cerasifera. 相似文献
6.
A transformed root clone of Datura candida×D. aurea was established following infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4. This clone was examined for its growth and hyoscyamine and scopolamine content under various culture conditions.
Among the three basal culture media tested, half-strength Gamborg's B5 medium supplemented with 5% sucrose was the best for
root growth (288 mg dry weight/flask) and full-strength B5 medium for hyoscyamine and scopolamine content (0.36 and 0.17%
dry weight, respectively). Experiments with exogenous nitrate added to the medium revealed that the biomass increased (353
mg dry weight/flask) and the hyoscyamine content improved remarkably (0.54% dry weight), but that the scopolamine content
was significantly reduced. The addition of various precursors at two different concentrations did not significantly modify
root growth. Feeding (R,S)-phenyllactic acid stimulated the biosynthesis of both alkaloids, whereas the addition of ornithine specifically reduced
the scopolamine content.
Received: 12 March 1997 / Revision received: 22 April 1997 / Accepted: 5 May 1997 相似文献
7.
K. Sorkheh B. Shiran M. Khodambshi V. Rouhi S. Ercisli 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,105(3):395-404
Eight native Iranian almond species from three sections, ‘Euamygdalus’ (Prunus communis; Prunus eleagnifolia and Prunus orientalis); ‘Lycioides’ (Prunus lycioides and Prunus reuteri) and ‘Spartioides’ (Prunus arabica, Prunus glauca and Prunus scoparia) were in vitro screened for drought tolerance using sorbitol and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an osmoticum. Different levels
of water stress were induced using five concentrations of either sorbitol or polyethylene glycol in Woody Plant Medium (WPM).
Water potential of various media ranged from −0.80 to −2.05 MPa and water stress in culture medium adversely affected plantlet
growth. Wild species from ‘Spartioides’ were less affected than ‘Lycioides’ and ‘Euamygdalus’. At the same level of water
potential, sorbitol had lower adverse effects than PEG; the latter being severe. Prunus × sorbitol and Prunus × PEG interactions were significant. At 0.2 M sorbitol and 0.003 M PEG, ‘Spartioides’ produced significantly more roots with
higher total root length and root volume, as well as root-dry weight than those of ‘Lycioides’ and ‘Euamygdalus.’ It is concluded
that in vitro screening of native Iranian almond species under specific and limited water-stress conditions may provide a
system for effectively differentiating the wild species of almond for their expected root mass production under field conditions. 相似文献
8.
Antonio Reales Daniel J. Sargent Ken R. Tobutt Diego Rivera 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2010,6(1):37-45
The genus Prunus contains the subgenus Prunus incorporating the European plums (section Prunus), the North American plums (section Prunocerasus) and the apricots (section Armeniaca). In section Prunus, there are approximately 20 species, which occur in three levels of ploidy, diploid ( 2n = 2x = 16 ) \left( {2n = 2x = 16} \right) , tetraploid ( 2n = 4x = 32 ) \left( {2n = 4x = 32} \right) and hexaploid ( 2n = 6x = 48 ) \left( {2n = 6x = 48} \right) . Despite a clear distinction between section Prunus and the other sections, phylogenetic relationships between species within the section are unclear. We performed a phylogenetic
analysis on members of the section Prunus and three outgroup species using sequence data from four single-copy phylogenetically informative chloroplast DNA regions
(atpB-rbcL, matK, rpl16, and trnL-trnF). After alignment, the analysed regions totalled 4,696 bp of sequence, containing 68 parsimony-informative sites and 14
parsimony-informative indels. Data were analysed using both maximum parsimony and Bayesian likelihood and phylogenetic trees
were reconstructed. The analyses recovered trees with congruent topologies and similar levels of statistical support for relationships
between taxa. They confirmed that species belonging to section Prunus form a monophyletic clade within Prunus. The section is resolved into four well-supported clades, which correspond to the geographical distribution of the species.
The hexaploid species could not be resolved into distinct species clades but formed a well-supported group separate from the
tetraploid species, highlighting the distinct evolutionary origins of the different polyploid groups. The close relationship
between the hexaploids and Prunus divaricata, Prunus cerasifera and Prunus ursina indicates the former may have derived from an ancestor of P. cerasifera and its allies. 相似文献
9.
Summary Root hairs have been shown to enhance P uptake by plants growing in low P soil. Little is known of the factors controlling root hair growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of soil moisture and P level on root hair growth of corn (Zea mays L.). The effect of volumetric soil moistures of 22% (M0), 27% (M1), and 32% (M2) and soil (Raub silt loam, Aquic Argiudoll) P levels of, 0.81 (P0), 12.1 (P1), 21.6 (P2), 48.7 (P3), and 203.3 (P4) mol P L–1 initially in the soil solution, on shoot and root growth, P uptake, and root hair growth of corn was studied in a series of pot experiments in a controlled climate chamber. Root hair growth was affected more by soil moisture than soil P. The percentage of total root length with root hairs and the density and length of root hairs on the root sections having root hairs all increased as soil moisture was reduced from M2 to M0. No relationship was found between root hair length and soil P. Density of root hairs, however, was found to decrease with an increase in soil P. No correlation was found between root hair growth parameters and plant P content, further suggesting P plays a secondary role to moisture in regulating root hair growth in soils. The increase in root hair growth appears to be a response by the plant to stress as yield and P uptake by corn grown at M0 were only 0.47 to 0.82, and 0.34 to 0.74, respectively, of that measured at M1 across the five soil P levels. The increase in root hair growth at M0, which represents an increase of 2.76 to 4.03 in root surface area, could offset, in part, the reduced rate of root growth, which was the primary reason for reduced P uptake under limited soil moisture conditions.Journal Paper No. 10,066 Purdue Univ. Agric. Exp. Stn., W. Lafayette, IN 47907. Contribution from the Dep. of Agron. This paper was supported in part by a grant from the Tennessee Valley Authority. 相似文献
10.
Arvind K. Virmani Bashoo Naziruddin Vinay C. Desai Jon P. Lowry Donald C. Graves Goverdhan P. Sachdev 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》1992,28(2):120-127
Summary The purpose of this investigation was to provide evidence for the secretion of high molecular weight mucins, CTM-A and CTM-B,
in primary culture of canine tracheal epithelial (CTE) cells. The cells were isolated from tracheas of mongrel dogs by pronase
treatment. Primary cultures of the epithelial cells were established using ICN cellagen inserts in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s/F12
medium supplemented with growth factors and could be maintained for up to 23 days. The evidence for the mucin secretion in
culture medium and their localization in the cells was established by a) positive immunocytochemical staining using specific
antibodies developed against purified native as well as deglycosylated CTM-A and CTM-B; b) incorporation of labeled amino
acids, followed by electrophoresis and autoradiography detection of glycoconjugates purified from the culture medium; c) comparison
of the amino acid compositions of mucin purified from canine tracheal pouch secretions and that purified from the culture
medium; and d) Western blot analyses using specific polyclonal antibodies directed against deglycosylated CTM-A and CTM-B.
Immunoaffinity purified secreted labeled glycoconjugates were resistant to hyaluronidase treatment. The effects of cyclic
AMP (1 × 10−5
M), dibutyryl cyclic AMP (1 × 10−5
M), 8-bromocyclic AMP (1 × 10−5
M), and prostaglandin E1 (1 × 10−6
M) on mucin secretion by CTE cells were also investigated. Secretion of mucins by CTE cells in culture was considerably more
enhanced by 8-bromocyclic AMP than that observed for other secretagogues used in this study. 相似文献
11.
Relationship between genotype and soil environment during colonization of poplar roots by mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Leszek Karliński Maria Rudawska Barbara Kieliszewska-Rokicka Tomasz Leski 《Mycorrhiza》2010,20(5):315-324
Poplars are among the few tree genera that can develop both ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and arbuscular (AM) associations; however,
variable ratios of ECM/AM in dual mycorrhizal colonizations were observed in the roots of a variety of poplar species and
hybrids. The objective of our study was to analyze the effect of internal and external factors on growth and dual AM and ECM
colonization of poplar roots in three 12–15-year-old common gardens in Poland. We also analyzed the abundance of nonmycorrhizal
fungal endophytes in the poplar roots. The Populus clones comprised black poplars (Populus deltoides and P. deltoides × Populus nigra), balsam poplars (Populus maximowiczii × Populus trichocarpa), and a hybrid of black and balsam poplars (P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa). Of the three sites that we studied, one was located in the vicinity of a copper smelter, where soil was contaminated with
copper and lead. Poplar root tip abundance, mycorrhizal colonization, and soil fungi biomass were lower at this heavily polluted
site. The total mycorrhizal colonization and the ratio of ECM and AM colonization differed among the study sites and according
to soil depth. The influence of Populus genotype was significantly pronounced only within the individual study sites. The contribution of nonmycorrhizal fungal endophytes
differed among the poplar clones and was higher at the polluted site than at the sites free of pollution. Our results indicate
that poplar fine root abundance and AM and ECM symbiosis are influenced by environmental conditions. Further studies of different
site conditions are required to characterize the utility of poplars for purposes such as the phytoremediation of polluted
sites. 相似文献
12.
J. Ruiz‐Sanchez Z.R. Flores‐Bustamante L. Dendooven E. Favela‐Torres G. Soca‐Chafre J. Galindez‐Mayer L.B. Flores‐Cotera 《Journal of applied microbiology》2010,109(6):2144-2150
Aims: To determine in liquid (LF) and solid‐state fermentation (SSF) the effect of medium concentration on growth and Taxol produced by Nigrospora sp., a fungus isolated from the Mexican yew. Methods and Results: Nigrospora sp. was grown at different concentrations of the base culture medium M1D, i.e. two (2×), four (4×), six (6×) and eight times (8×) the base concentration. The titres of Taxol determined by competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay increased with increasing medium concentration in LF and SSF but were higher in SSF in every medium concentration. The Taxol produced in SSF and LF with 8× medium was 221 and 142 ng l?1. The SSF gave also higher biomass, growth and sugar utilization than LF in every medium. The growth and sugar consumption were modelled by the logistic and the Pirt models, respectively. However, the Luedeking–Piret model was unsuitable for Taxol. Conclusions: The SSF surpassed LF in terms of Taxol, growth and sugar utilization; thus, it has significant advantages over LF. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first report on Taxol production by SSF and the first contribution to evaluate the influence of the medium on Taxol production in LF and SSF. 相似文献
13.
Experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of 4/2 light-dark cycles (4 h of light followed by 2 h of dark) on the
rooting responses of shoots cultivated in vitro of the fruit tree rootstocks GF 677 (peach × almond hybrid), Mr.S. 2/5 (Prunus cerasifera), MM 106 (apple Nothern Spy × Paradise M1) and BA 29 (Cydonia oblonga). Under this light regime rooting percentage of GF 677, Mr.S. 2/5 and MM 106 shoots reached 100 % as in the control treatment
(16/8), while in BA 29 shoots, short light-dark cycles increased rooting response by about 65 %. Moreover, the shoots of all
rootstocks submitted to the 4/2 cycle showed an appreciable increase in root number and length, and an earlier root emergence
of about 4 – 5 d compared to the 16/8 cycle. Finally, rooting percentage of BA 29 shoots submitted to the 4/2 light regime
and treated with 0.2 mg dm−3 indolebutyric acid (IBA), was equal to that reported with 0.4 mg dm−3 IBA under the 16/8 regime, indicating that the former light regime also amplified the rhizogenic effect of auxin. 相似文献
14.
Understanding of the mechanisms of Mn supply from the soil and uptake by the plants can be improved by using simulation models
that are based on basic principles. For this, a pot culture experiment was conducted with a sandy clay loam soil to measure
Mn uptake by summer wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Planet), maize (Zea mays L. cv. Pirat) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. cv. Orbis) and to simulate Mn dynamics in the rhizosphere by means of a mechanistic model. Seeds of three crops were sown
in pots containing 2.9 kg soil in a controlled growth chamber. Root and shoot weight, Mn content of plants, root length and
root radius were determined 8 (13 days in case of sugar beet) and 20 days after germination. Soil and plant parameters were
determined to run nutrient uptake model calculations. Manganese content of the shoot varied from 25 mg kg-1 for sugar beet to 34 mg kg-1 for maize. Sugar beet had the lowest root length/shoot weight ratio but the highest relative shoot growth rate, resulting
in the highest shoot demand on the root. This is reflected by the Mn influx which was 0.9 × 10-7, 1.7 × 10-7 and 2.5 × 10-7 nmol cm-1 s-1 for wheat, maize and sugar beet, respectively. Nutrient uptake model calculations predicted similar influx values. Initial
Mn concentration of 0.2 μM in the soil solution decreased to only 0.16 μM for wheat, 0.13 μM for maize and 0.11 μM for sugar beet at the root surface. This shows that manganese transport to the root was not a limiting step. This was confirmed
by the fact that an assumed 20 times increase in maximum influx (Imax) increased the calculated Mn influx by 3.7 times. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that for controlling Mn uptake the initial
soil solution concentration (C
Li), the root radius (r0), Imax and the Michaelis constant (K
m) were the most sensitive factors in the listed order.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
A. H. Price A. D. Tomos D. S. Virk 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(1-2):132-142
Root growth is an important component of the adaptation of rice to drought-prone environments. A hydroponic screen was used
to study root growth of 28 rice varieties. Both maximum root length and adventitious root thickness varied widely between
varieties. In general, japonica varieties had larger root systems than indica varieties. Two F2 populations involving the thick- and long-rooted upland japonica variety ‘Azucena’ and two poor-rooting varieties, namely the upland indica‘Bala’ and the Italian japonica‘Maratelli’, were made and screened in hydroponics. Generation means analysis revealed significant additive and dominance
main effects for the root length traits with a prevalence of dominance gene effects in both crosses. The dominance×dominance
type of non-allelic interactions were important for maximum root length from day 7 to day 28, root volume, root thickness
and root cell length in the cross ‘Bala’בAzucena’. The heritability (broad-sense) estimates varied from low to high for the
traits and displayed differences between populations. This suggested that recombinant lines with improved root traits can
be developed from the two crosses with selection methods that involve some form of progeny evaluation. In a companion paper,
we report the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for root growth traits in the ‘Bala’בAzucena’ population using restriction
fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs).
Received: 5 May 1996 / Accepted: 14 February 1997 相似文献
16.
N. A. Matvieieva A. M. Shakhovsky V. B. Belokurova K. O. Drobot 《Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology》2016,46(4):342-345
An efficient and rapid protocol for the establishment of Artemisia tilesii “hairy” root culture is reported. Leaf explants of aseptically growing plants were cocultured with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 wild strain or A. rhizogenes carrying the plasmids with nptII and ifn-α2b genes. Root formation on the explants started in 5–6 days after their cocultivation with bacterial suspension. Prolongation of explant cultivation time on the medium without cefotaxime led to stimulation of root growth. The effects of sucrose concentration as well as of the levels of synthetic indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and native growth regulator Emistim on the stimulation of A. tilesii “hairy” root growth were studied. Maximum stimulating effect both for the control and for transgenic roots was observed in case of root cultivation on the media supplemented with IBA—up to 7.95- and 9.1-fold biomass increase, respectively. Cultivation on the medium with 10 μl/L Emistime has also led to the control roots growth stimulation (up to 2.75-fold). Emistime at 5 μl/L concentration led to 5.46-fold mass increase in only one “hairy” root line. Higher sucrose content (40 g/L) stimulated growth of two hairy root lines but had no effect on growth of the control roots. 相似文献
17.
Nitrate uptake and utilization efficiencies of two plum clones, Marianna 2624 (Prunus cerasifera×Prunus munsoniana?) and Myrobalan 3-J (Prunus cerasifera) in stirred solution cultures were investigated. Myrobalan 3-J had a significantly lower NO3- compensation point (i.e., greater capacity for nitrate depletion) but ceased growth earlier than Marianna 2624 under severe N stress. The maximum velocity of NO3- uptake was 33% higher in Marianna 2624 than Myrobalan 3-J. The nitrogen efficiency ratio (i.e., mg dry weight produced/mg nitrogen absorbed) of Marianna 2624 was 40% higher than Myrobalan 3-J when nitrogen was severely limiting (28 mg nitrogen per plant). Thus, Marianna 2624 plants may be capable of growth at lower mean nitrogen concentrations. 相似文献
18.
Md. Abdullahil Baque Md. Humayun Kabir Shiragi Sang-Hyun Moh Eun-Jung Lee Kee-Yoeup Paek 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2013,49(6):737-749
To improve root growth and production of bioactive compounds such as anthraquinones (AQ), phenolics, and flavonoids by adventitious root cultures of Morinda citrifolia, the effects of aeration rate, inoculum density, and Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium salt strengths were investigated using a balloon-type bubble bioreactor. The possible mechanisms underlying changes in activities of enzymic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase) and nonenzymic (vitamin E) antioxidants, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and stress levels (accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and proline, peroxidation of lipids) were also studied. Low aeration rate (0.05 vvm [air volume/culture volume/min]) accelerated accumulation of root fresh weight and dry weight (DW). High aeration rates (0.1 to 0.3 vvm) stimulated accumulation of AQ, phenolics, and flavonoids and reduced root growth. Low inoculum densities (5 and 10 g l–1) increased accumulation of those metabolites but inhibited root growth. Culture of adventitious roots with high concentrations of MS salts (1× and 1.5× MS) resulted in induction of oxidative stress that strongly inhibited root growth. Overall, an aeration rate of 0.05 vvm, 15 g l–1 inoculum density, and half-strength (0.5×) MS medium were optimal for enhancing accumulation of root dry biomass (4.38 g l–1), AQ (103.08 mg g–1 DW), phenolics (54.81 mg g–1 DW), and flavonoids (49.27 mg g–1 DW). 相似文献
19.
This report describes a protocol for the regeneration of plants from protoplasts isolated from proembryogenic masses (PEMs)
in a suspension culture derived from the nucellar callus of mango (Mangifera indica L. cv 'Amrapali'). The maximum yield (24.6±1.1×106), with 81.04±4.1% viable protoplasts per gram PEMs, was obtained with an enzyme mixture containing 1.2% cellulase, 1.0% hemicellulase
and 0.6% pectinase. An optimum density of 5×104 cultured protoplasts per milliliter culture medium was required for the highest frequency (88.89±5.40%) of division. Dividing
protoplasts developed into microcalli that proliferated on medium supplemented with growth regulators (auxins or kinetin alone,
or auxins with kinetin) and produced somatic embryos after transfer to a growth regulator-free medium. The protocallus on
2,4-D-containing medium produced the maximum number (102.50±6.93) of somatic embryos. Maturation of somatic embryos depended
upon the presence, and the nature and combination of growth regulators in the medium during proliferation of the callus. The
mature somatic embryos germinated and developed into plants that were transferred to soil.
Received: 1 April 1999 / Revision received: 27 July 1999 / Accepted: 23 August 1999 相似文献
20.
Total root production (∑P), total root loss (∑L), net root production. (NP), and biomass production were determined for seedlings of Betula papyrifera and Acer rubrum in ambient and elevated CO2 environments. ∑P, ∑L, and NP were calculated from sequential, independent observations of root length production through plexiglass windows. Elevated CO2 increased ∑P, ∑L, and NP in seedlings of Betula papyrifera but not Acer rubrum. Root production and loss were qualitatively similar to whole-plant growth responses to elevated CO2. Betula showed enhanced ∑P, ∑L, and biomass with elevated CO2 but Acer did not. However, the observed effects of CO2 on root production and loss did not alter the allometric relationship between root production and root loss for either Acer or Betula. Thus, in this experiment, elevated CO2 did not affect the relationship between root production and root loss. The results of this study have important implications for the potential effects of elevated CO2 on root dynamics. Elevated CO2 may lead to increases in root production and in root loss (turnover) where the changes in root turnover are largely a function of the magnitude of root production increases. 相似文献