Changes in parameters of humoral immunity in patients with acute lung abscesses in the course of ultraviolet phototherapy

Ultraviolet fiber optic phototherapy of the blood and purulent cavities in patients with acute purulent lung abscesses results in a pronounced improvement of humoral immunity expressed in a tendency of all classes of immunoglobulins toward normalization. The bacterial flora of the purulent cavities and bronchial contents is markedly eradicated.     

Various parameters of humoral and cellular immunity in children with iron deficiency

Serum IgA, IgM and IgG as well as percentage of lymphocytes T and B in peripheral blood were determined in 50 children aged between 6 months and 3 years with iron deficiency anaemia. A significant decrease in lymphocyte T number in these children was found in comparison with control group of healthy children. Lymphocyte T count positively correlated with serum iron concentration. Moreover, a decrease in serum IgA and IgG was found in children with iron deficit.     

脑梗死患者的细胞免疫与体液免疫的变化规律研究

目的探讨脑梗死患者的细胞免疫功能与体液免疫功能的变化规律。 方法2016年5月~ 2017年5月期间广东省佛山市禅城区中心医院收治的脑梗死患者120例设为观察组,观察组患者按照脑梗死的面积分为轻症组（大脑中动脉区域脑梗,脑梗范围的直径≤5 cm者,60例）和中重症组（大脑中动脉区域脑梗,脑梗范围的直径> 5 cm者,60例）;选择120例健康体检者设为对照组。采用流式细胞仪和速率散射免疫透射比浊法测定各组血免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM、IgG、补体C3、C4水平来反应体液免疫功能;用试剂盒、外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺、NK细胞、B细胞和CD4⁺/CD8⁺百分率水平的测定;对抗心磷脂抗体（ACA）浓度进行测定;通过ACA浓度反映的颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）中生化指标的变化分析脑梗死患者的细胞免疫功能与体液免疫功能的关联。多组间比较采用单因素方差分析;患者性别比例采用χ²分析;通过直线相关分析细胞免疫与体液免疫的相关性。 结果脑梗死中重症组T淋巴细胞含量低于脑梗死轻症组和对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,CD8⁺细胞百分率（27.91%±2.97%）T淋巴细胞含量高于脑梗死轻症组和对照组,CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值（1.98±0.03）水平高于脑梗死轻症组和对照组（P < 0.05）;与脑梗死轻症组和对照组比较,脑梗死中重症组NK细胞（12.29%±1.58%）和B细胞（12.76%±2.00%）均下降（P < 0.05）。与脑梗死轻症组和对照组比较,脑梗死中重症组血清中血球免疫球蛋白IgG（10.60±1.06）IU/ml水平降低（P < 0.05）;血球免疫球蛋白IgA（4.01±0.35）IU/ml、补体C3（2.13±0.04）IU/ml和补体C4（0.39±0.01）IU/ml的水平升高（P < 0.05）,而IgM（2.60±0.05）IU/ml无明显变化,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。与脑梗死轻症组（14.11±2.09）PLU/ml和对照组（7.82±1.15）PLU/ml比较,脑梗死中重症组（16.88±2.50）PLU/ml血清ACA浓度提高,差异具有统计学意义（t = 9.153,P < 0.01）。与脑梗死轻症组和对照组比较,脑梗死中重症组总胆固醇[（1.75±0.03）mmol/L]和甘油三酯[（2.42±0.33）mmol/L]含量增加;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇[（0.41±0.03）mmol/L]含量降低;与对照组比较,脑梗死中重症组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇[（1.55±0.21）mmol/L]含量升高（P < 0.05）。通过细胞免疫参数与体液免疫参数之间的相关性分析显示呈负相关,且相关性曲线陡峭（P < 0.05）。 结论脑梗死患者的细胞免疫与体液免疫的变化规律可指导脑梗死治疗和预后。     

Early results of the studies of the effect of cimetidine on selected parameters of humoral and cellular immunity in patients with peptic ulcer

The study aimed at evaluating an early effect of cimetidine on the blood IgG, IgA, IgM, number and functioning of T-cells in peripheral blood of patients with ulcerative disease. The study involved 27 patients (9 women and 8 men), aged between 27 and 70 years (mean 52.6 +/- 10.9 years). Nine of these patients suffered from the peptic ulcer and 8--from duodenal ulcer. Cell-mediated and humoral immunity were evaluated simultaneously in all patients prior to and after a 4-week treatment with cimetidine administered orally in the dose of 200 mg four times daily. Rosette test with theophylline and leukocyte migration test were used to assess cell-mediated immunity. It was found that cimetidine significantly increases blood serum IgG (p less than .01), the number of theophylline-resistant lymphocytes in TRFC-TR (P less than 0.01), and T-cell response to higher mitogen concentrations (PHA and Con-A) (p less than .005 and p less than .001, respectively).     

Dynamics of the humoral immunity indices in patients with subacute brucellosis being treated with levamisole

The dynamics of the main characteristics of humoral immunity in patients with subacute brucellosis, receiving levamisole and placebo, has been studied. Levamisole produced an immunomodulating effect manifested by an increase in the number of B-lymphocytes and a drop in the level of circulating immune complexes. Levamisole did not essentially influence the content of serum immunoglobulins and specific antibodies.     

Anti-type V collagen humoral immunity in lung transplant primary graft dysfunction

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a major complication following lung transplantation. We reported that anti-type V collagen (col(V)) T cell immunity was strongly associated with PGD. However, the role of preformed anti-col(V) Abs and their potential target in PGD are unknown. Col(V) immune serum, purified IgG or B cells from col(V) immune rats were transferred to WKY rat lung isograft recipients followed by assessments of lung pathology, cytokines, and PaO(2)/FiO(2), an index of lung dysfunction in PGD. Immune serum, purified IgG, and B cells all induced pathology consistent with PGD within 4 days posttransfer; up-regulated IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta locally; and induced significant reductions in PaO(2)/FiO(2). Depleting anti-col(V) Abs before transfer demonstrated that IgG2c was a major subtype mediating injury. Confocal microscopy revealed strong apical col(V) expression on lung epithelial, but not endothelial cells; which was consistent with the ability of col(V) immune serum to induce complement-dependent cytotoxicity only in the epithelial cells. Examination of plasma from patients with or without PGD revealed that higher levels of preformed anti-col(V) Abs were strongly associated with PGD development. This study demonstrates a major role for anti-col(V) humoral immunity in PGD, and identifies the airway epithelium as a target in PGD.     

Antimicrobial immunity in patients with acute epiglottitis

Fifty-three patients with catarrhal epiglottitis and 31 patients with epiglottic abscess aged 16-60 years were examined. It was determined that development of epiglottitis is tightly related to abnormalities in reactivity of phagocytic and humoral arms of immunity. Decreased affinity of produced antibodies, opsonizing properties of serum as well as phagocytic and biocide activity of neutrophils were revealed in patients. In patients with catarrhal and necrotic epiglottitis similar abnormalities of immunoreactivity were observed although in patientswith necrotic epiglottitis they were more pronounced.     

Ineffective humoral immunity in the elderly

As individuals age, dysfunction of the immune system leads to an increased incidence of infectious disease. Due to the complex network of cellular interactions and the multi-factorial process of aging, numerous impairments in humoral immunity have been reported. Advances in technology have allowed scientists to begin to identify the molecular mechanisms behind the age-associated decline.     

Specific features of humoral immunity in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis patients

Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) is a severe autoimmune disease of unclear etiology and prognostically unfavorable. The complexity of the diagnostics of this disease makes it necessary to search for new methods; for this reason immunity in CFA patients must be studied. The study of humoral organ-specific, organ-unspecific and antibacterial immunity of CFA patients revealed that the latter differed from the members of the groups used for comparison by a higher frequency of positive reactions in EIA determinations of IgG antibodies to cytokeratin-8 and Moraxella catarrhalis antigens. In addition, only in CFA patients a high degree of correlation (r=0.88) between these results was established. This made it possible to propose to use these reactions for confirming the diagnosis of CFA and suggested the probable role of M. catarrhalis in triggering autoimmune reactions characteristic of this disease.     

Changes in immunological parameters in lung cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy with streptococcal preparation OK-432

Summary We have studied the immunological status of patients treated with streptococcal preparation OK-432. Two KE of OK-432 was injected intramuscularly once every week for more than three years unless the patients died. The natural killer (NK) activity in those patients who underwent curative surgery for lung cancer and had no sign of recurrence was significantly increased (P < 0.01) during the OK-432 treatment. However, the NK activity in the patients who had persistent disease (non-resected cases, incompletely resected cases or recurrent cases) was not significantly increased in comparison with that before the immunotherapy. Also, in the cases with no clinical symptoms of recurrence, both the lymphoblastogenetic reactions to the mitogens and the IL-2 production were significantly enhanced(P < 0.01) during the administration of OK-432. Reactions in the SU-PS (polysaccharide taken from the cell-wall fraction of theStreptococcus pyogenes SU strain and containing 7.2% of protein) skin-test appeared to significantly correlate with the immunological status of the patients under OK-432 therapy, but the PHA and PPD skin reactions showed no definitive enhancement. The survival rate of the patients whose SU-PS skin tests were positive during the OK-432 immunotherapy was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that of the patients with negative reactions.     

Effect of levamisole on the cellular and humoral immunity indices in patients with chronic brucellosis

In chronic brucellosis patients receiving levamisole and placebo the dynamics of quantitative and functional characteristics of cell-mediated and humoral immunity have been studied. The immunomodulating effect of levamisole, manifested only in the process of treatment by a rise in the number of circulating lymphoid cells, their functional capacity, a decrease in the disproportion of immunoregulatory cells and the amount of circulating immune complexes, has been established. The positive dynamics of immunological characteristics have been found to improve both immediate and remote results of the clinical effectiveness of levamisole.     

Prolonged humoral and cellular immunity in COVID-19-recovered patients

By the beginning of 2021, the battle against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains ongoing. Investigating the adaptive immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, in patients who have recovered from this disease could contribute to our understanding of the natural host immune response. We enrolled 38 participants in this study. 7 healthy participants and 31 COVID-19 patients who had recovered from COVID-19 and categorized them into 3 groups according to their previous clinical presentations: 10 moderate, 9 mild, and 12 asymptomatic. Flow cytometry analysis of peripheral lymphocyte counts in recovered patients showed significantly increased levels of CD4⁺ T cells in patients with a history of mild and moderate COVID-19 symptoms compared with those healthy individuals (p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001 respectively). whereas no significant difference was observed in the CD8⁺ T cell percentage in COVID-19-recovered patients compared with healthy individuals. Our study demonstrated that antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-S) IgG antibody production could be observed in all recovered COVID-19 patients, regardless of whether they were asymptomatic (p < 0.05)or presented with mild (p < 0.0001) or moderate symptoms (p < 0.01). Anti-S IgG antibodies could be detected in participants up to 90 days post-infection. In conclusion, the lymphocyte levels in recovered patients were associated with the clinical presentation of the disease, and further analysis is required to investigate relationships between different clinical presentations and lymphocyte activation and function.     

Various indicators of humoral immunity in patients with hematopoietic hypoplasia after bone marrow transplantation]

The authors examined 65 patients with hypoplasia of the hemopoiesis following bone marrow transplantation. To patients of the 1st group the bone marrow was chosen by erythrocytic antigens only, and to patients of the 2nd group both by erythrocytic and by leukocytic antigens. The data obtained pointed to the reduction of isoimmunization to the antigens of leukocytes and platelets in the patients with hypoplasia of the hemopoiesis following transplantation of the histocompatible bone marrow, in comparison with the patients in whom the bone marrow was chosen only by erythrocytic antigens alone.