DA-F127水凝胶包埋固定化含腈水合酶细胞

腈水合酶是一类可催化腈类化合物转化生成相应酰胺类物质的酶。含腈水合酶的游离细胞催化水合反应存在酶容易失活、细胞无法重复利用、分离纯化困难等缺陷,细胞固定化技术可有效解决这些问题。为探索合适的固定化方法,以含腈水合酶的重组E.coli细胞为研究对象,以固定化酶活回收率和批次反应情况为评价指标,筛选比较了几种常用的包埋固定化方法。结果表明,DA-F127水凝胶包埋固定化细胞不仅具有较高的酶活回收率,而且稳定性也很好。对该方法进行了固定化条件和操作稳定性优化,当DA-F127浓度为15%、UV光源距离为20cm、光照时间为6min、菌体含量为20mg/g 固定化细胞时,酶活回收率为89.74%,并且可以催化9批次150g/L的3-氰基吡啶完成转化,第九批次转化率可达98.26%。与游离细胞催化过程相比,单位质量游离细胞的烟酰胺产量提高了12倍,具有良好的工业应用前景。     

腈水合酶转化反应的影响因子

棒状杆菌(corynebactcrium sp.)ZBB-21腈水合酶能高效地将丙烯腈转化为丙烯酰胺,其转化反应的最遣PH为8．0,最适转化反应温度为25℃。反应体系中加入微量的K+、Na+、Mg2+和Fe3+对酶的转化反应有明显的促进作用。过量丙烯腈(浓度为0．3mol／L以上)对酶活性有抑制作用,转化产物丙烯酰胺及其结构类似物丙烯酸是腈水合酶的竞争性抑制剂,其抑制常数K．分别为0．06mol／L和0．70mol,L,游离氰离子(CN-)的存在严重抑制丙烯酰胺的形成(K;=1．25 x 10-3mol／L)。     

棒状杆菌腈水合酶的形成条件

本文研究了棒状杆菌(cORYNEBACTERIUM)ZBB-2l腈水合酶形成的最适条件。在培养基中加入Fe2+、维生素B1和L-谷氨酸等,并以n-丁腈做诱导物,可明显促进该菌腈水合酶的生物合成。ZBB-21菌在选定的培养基中,于28℃培养64小时,其腈水合酶比活力可达83．1u／mg,而酰胺酶的比活力只有1．1u／mg。腈水合酶比活力比以前报道的提高9倍。     

一株腈水合酶产生菌的培养及酶转化试验

诺卡氏菌KY1023能利用乙腈作为生长的碳源和氮源.最适培养条件为(g·L-1)葡萄糖10,醇母膏20,玉米浆10,诱导剂10,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5,K2HPO40.5,KH2PO40.5,pH7.0,菌株在28℃、250rpm条件下培养24h,丙烯酰胺酶活力达到1330μ/ml.休眠细胞在3h以内,可积累丙烯酰胺浓度达到250g·L-1,乙酰胺浓度达到400g·L-1.     

腈类物降解菌多样性和产腈水合酶研究进展

腈水合酶催化反应在有机合成领域已有广泛的应用。作为一类重要的催化剂,腈水合酶可以将腈类物质转化为相应的酰胺。由于这种酶具有固有的立体和区域选择性,在精细化工领域已成为绿色、温和、对同分异构体具有选择性的催化剂。同时腈水合酶在生物修复和环境保护中也起着重要作用。综述了目前国内外腈水合酶的研究进展,包括降解腈类的微生物多样性、腈水合酶的催化特性、产腈水合酶菌株的改造以及腈水合酶相关基因的克隆与研究。对固定化酶和腈水合酶的应用也进行了叙述。     

耐底物腈水合酶融合子的产酶条件优化

采用正交设计法对耐底物腈水合酶融合子的发酵条件进行优化,以发酵液起始pH,发酵周期,接种量,装料系数作为考察因素,最终确定最佳发酵条件为:起始pH8.0、发酵周期54h、接种量12％、装液系数12％.在此优化条件下融合子腈水合酶的活力达到1100万U/ml,较优化前提高了83.3％.通过响应面法对发酵培养基配方进行优化研究,采用Plackett-Burman法对8个因素进行了筛选,结果表明,葡萄糖、尿素、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钾是影响发酵液腈水合酶产量的主效应因子.用最陡爬坡试验及Central composite design设计进一步优化,利用Design-Expert软件进行二次回归分析,得到各因素的最佳浓度为:葡萄糖22.62g/L、尿素9.76g/L、K2HP04 1.22g/L、KH2PO41.268g/L.在此培养基优化配方下融合子腈水合酶的活力达到1280万U/ml,较原配方的酶活提高了16.4％.     

腈水合酶产生菌的培养及其酶活性的比较

从腈污染的土样中筛选获得,株腈水合酶活性较高的细菌,分属于棒状杆菌(Cerynebactertum sp.)、节杆菌(Arthrobacter sp.)和克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella sp.)其中具有腈水合酶活性的克氏杆菌属菌为首次分离到。对这些菌株适宜培养条件及酶形成诱导特性的研究表明,棒状杆菌和节杆菌的腈水合酶为诱导酶,而克氏杆菌的酶为组成酶。前二个属的细菌完整细胞腈水合酶活性相近,均较后一属细菌高约10倍。     

腈水合酶基因克隆与调控表达的研究进展

微生物腈水合酶作为新型生物催化剂得到日益广泛的应用 ,但野生菌株本身存在的酶稳定性差等问题制约了这一绿色工艺的发展 ,基因工程菌为解决这个难题开辟了新的思路。总结了各种菌株中腈水合酶的序列研究进展 ,虽然基因序列和蛋白序列同源性不高 ,但它们都以基因簇的形式存在 ,并具有相同的活性中心序列。归纳了克隆并表达腈水合酶基因的基本步骤和方式 ,并提出几种有效增强重组腈水合酶活性表达的方法。     

Immobilized Cells

Three basic types of immobilization (i.e. without carrier, entrapment and immobilization on the carrier surface) of microbial cells, nonmicrobial cell populations and subcellular organelles are reviewed. These are further developed into a number of combined and less frequently used techniques of immobilization and application of cell biocatalysts for industrial biotransformations in pharmacy, food industry and agriculture, including novel approached and some unpublished authors’ results.     

Immobilized Cells in Meat Fermentation

Abstract

The immobilization of microbial cells can contribute to fermented meat technology at two basic levels. First, the solid/semisolid nature (low available water) of the substrate restricts the mobility of cells and results in spatial organizations based on “natural immobilization” within the fermentation matrix. The microniches formed influence the fermentation biochemistry through mass transfer limitations and the subsequent development and activity of the microflora. This form of immobilization controls the nature of competition between subpopu-lations within the microflora and ultimately exerts an effect on the ecological competence (ability to survive and compete) of the various cultures present. Second, immobilized cell technology (ICT) can be used to enhance the ecological competence of starter cultures added to initiate the fermentation. Immobilization matrices such as alginate can provide microniches or microenvironments that protect the culture during freezing or lyophilization, during subsequent rehydration, and when in competition with indigenous microflora. The regulated release of cells from the microenvironments can also contribute to competitive ability. The regulation of both immobilization processes can result in enhanced fermentation activity.     

固定化好氧微生物细胞的供氧问题

<正> 固定化细胞由于有着独特的优点,正得到广泛的研究,有的取得了很好的成果,已应用于工业、医药、食品等方面,但也存在着一些问题,阻碍了该技术更广泛和有效地应用。对于用好氧微生物作为固定化细胞时,氧气的供应就是个关键性的问题,因为     

固定化细胞应用进展

固定化细胞技术是酶工程的核心技术之一,它将酶工程提高到一个新水平。该技术简化了工业分离纯化的步骤,并使酶反应的连续生产成为现实。目前,该技术已经广泛应用于食品、发酵、三废处理等行业,经济效益显著。首先分析了固定化细胞的优缺点,介绍了近年来在食品、发酵和三废处理行业的应用,最后对其应用进行了展望。     

D-Glucose Isomerization using an Immobilized Glucose Isomerase preparation from Streptomyces Thermovulgaris Strain 127

The kinetics of D-glucose isomerization to D-fructose by an original whole-cell immobilized biocatalyst preparation based on Streptomyces thermovulgaris (strain 127) have been studied under various process conditions, substrate concentration, particle size. Two versions of different activity were applied. For the biocatalyst of moderate activity the kinetic constants in the MICHAELIS -MENTEN equation for reversible reaction were determined. Effectiveness factors for both preparations were calculated and compared with other reported data.     

Continuous ATP Regeneration Using Immobilized Yeast Cells

Arthrobacter simplex was screened as an α-keto-δ-guanidinovalerate (ketoarginine) assimilating organism. A characteristic feature was its growth on ketoarginine as a carbon source; it began to grow after an extremely long lag. Its growth was stimulated by addition of 0.02% yeast extract to the medium.

The results indicated the transamination of arginine-α-ketoglutarate (α-KGA) and the hydrolyzing reaction of ketoarginine into α-keto-δ-aminovalerate and urea. Two intermediates, ketoarginine and α-keto-δ-aminovalerate, were isolated and identified by various procedures. Coupling of the two reactions was demonstrated in cell-free extracts of arginine-grown cells; ketoarginine formed from arginine by transamination with α-KGA was hydrolyzed directly to α-keto-δ-aminovalerate and urea. The metabolic routes of arginine in microorganisms were discussed.     

细胞固定化技术及其应用的研究进展

本文对细胞固定化的方法做了系统阐述,探讨了细胞固定化技术的研究进展及其在发酵、制药、环境等领域的广泛应用,最后展望了细胞固定化技术的应用前景。     

Invertase in Immobilized Cells of Eschscholtzia Californica

Cell suspension culture of Eschscholtzia californica Cham. were permeabilized by Tween 20 or 80, and immobilized by glutaraldehyde. The highest invertase activity was at pH 4.5 and temperature 50 °C. The hydrolysis of the substrate was linear for 5 h reaching 60 % conversion. The cells had high invertase activity and a good stability, and in long-term storage they showed convenient physico-mechanical properties.