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1.
Concentrations and Transport of Solutes in Xylem and Phloem along the Leaf Axis of NaCl-treated Hordeum vulgare 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
WOLF OLAF; MUNNS RANA; TONNET M. LORRAINE; JESCHKE W. DIETER 《Journal of experimental botany》1990,41(9):1133-1141
Hordeum vulgare cv. California Mariout was established in sandculture at two different NaCl concentrations (0.5 mol m3control and 100 mol m3) in the presenceof 6.5 mol m3 K +. Between 16 and 31 d after germination,before stem elongation started, xylem sap was collected by useof a pressure chamber. Collections were made at three differentsites on leaves 1 and 3: at the base of the sheath, at the baseof the blade, i.e. above the ligule, and at the tip of the blade.Phloem sap was collected from leaf 3 at similar sites throughaphid stylets. The concentrations of K +, Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+were measured. Ion concentrations in xylem sap collected at the base of leaves1 and 3 were identical, indicating there was no preferentialdelivery of specific ions to older leaves. All ion concentrationsin the xylem decreased from the base of the leaf towards thetip; these gradients were remarkably steep for young leaves,indicating high rates of ion uptake from the xylem. The gradientsdecreased with leaf age, but did not disappear completely. In phloem sap, concentrations of K+ and total osmolality declinedslightly from the tip to the base of leaves of both controland salt-treated plants. By contrast, Na+ concentrations inphloem sap collected from salt-treated plants decreased drasticallyfrom 21 mol m3 at the tip to 7.5 mol m3 at thebase. Data of K/Na ratios in xylem and phloem sap were used to constructan empirical model of Na+ and K+ flows within xylem and phloemduring the life cycle of a leaf, indicating recirculation ofNa+ within the leaf. Key words: Hordeum vulgare, xylem transport, phloem transport, NaCl-stress 相似文献
2.
The Partitioning of Nitrate Assimilation Between Root and Shoot of a Range of Temperate Cereals and Pasture Grasses 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Nitrate reductase activity (NRA, in vivo assay) and nitrate(NO-3) content of root and shoot and NO-3 and reduced nitrogencontent of xylem sap were measured in five temperate cerealssupplied with a range of NO-3 concentrations (0·120mol m3) and three temperate pasture grasses suppliedwith 0·5 or 5 0 mol m3 NO-3 For one cereal (Hordeumvulgare L ), in vitro NRA was also determined The effect ofexternal NO-3 concentration on the partitioning of NO-3 assimilationbetween root and shoot was assessed All measurements indicatedthat the root was the major site of NO3 assimilation in Avenasatwa L, Hordeum vulgare L, Secale cereale L, Tnticum aestivumL and x Triticosecale Wittm supplied with 0·1 to 1·0mol m3 NO-3 and that for all cereals, shoot assimilationincreased in importance as applied NO-3 concentration increasedfrom 1.0 to 20 mol m3 At 5.020 mol m3 NO3,the data indicated that the shoot played an important if notmajor role in NO-3 assimilation in all cereals studied Measurementson Lolium multiflorum Lam and L perenne L indicated that theroot was the main site of NO-3 assimilation at 0.5 mol m3NO-3 but shoot assimilation was predominant at 5.0 mol m3NO-3 Both NRA distribution data and xylem sap analysis indicatedthat shoot assimilation was predominant in Dactylis glomerataL supplied with 0.5 or 5.0 mol m3 NO-3 Avena sativa L., oats, Hordeum vulgare L., barley, Secale cereale L., rye, x Triticosecale Wittm., triticale, Triticum aestivum L., wheat, Dactylis glomerata L., cocksfoot, Lolium multiflorum Lam., Italian ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., perennial ryegrass, nitrate, nitrate assimilation, nitrate reductase activity, xylem sap 相似文献
3.
Rapid, Reversible Inhibition of Nitrate Influx in Barley by Ammonium 总被引:18,自引:2,他引:16
The rate of influx of nitrate into the roots of intact barleyplants was measured over a period of 35 min from externalnitrate concentrations of 1150 mmol m3, using13N-labelled nitrate as tracer. Ammonium at external concentrationsof 0.00550 mol m3 inhibited nitrate influx ina manner which did not conform to a simple kinetic model butincreased approximately as the logarithm of the ammonium concentration.At any particular ammonium concentration, inhibition of nitrateinflux reached its full extent within 3 min of the ammoniumbeing supplied and was not made more severe by up to 17 minpre-treatment with ammonium. On removing the external ammonium,nitrate influx returned to its original rate within about 3min. Potassium at 0.00550 mol m3 did not reproducethe rapid effect of ammonium on nitrate influx. Net uptake of nitrate also decreased when ammonium was supplied,over a similar timescale and to a similar extent as nitrateinflux. The decrease in nitrate influx caused by ammonium wassufficient to account for the observed reduction in net uptake,without necessitating any acceleration of nitrate efflux. Key words: Hordeum vulgare, roots, ion transport, short-lived isotopes, 13N 相似文献
4.
Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine content were analysed inzygotic embryos of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Changes in polyaminecontent were observed during zygotic embryo growth. In two cultivars,Bomi and Golden Promise, the totalpolyamine content in the embryos was 2.62.9 nmol mg1fresh weight 10 d after anthesis, the highest content observed.It dropped to 1.3 nmol mg1 fresh weight 14 d after anthesis.This drop was caused by decreases in all three polyamine concentrations.From 14 to 35 d after anthesis the putrescine content continuedto decrease while the spermidine and spermine content increased,thus the total polyamine content remained constant until 35d after anthesis. The mutant Ris? 1508 showeda constant polyamine content around 1.3 nmol mg1 freshweight from 14 to 35 d after anthesis. The polyamine patternwas conserved in all three lines throughout the period of investigationshowing a spermidine content higher than putrescine contentwhich was, in turn, higher or equal to the spermine content.The polyamine content measured as nmol µg1 proteindecreased from 14 to 21 d post anthesis in all three lines,because the protein content (µg mg1 fresh weight)increased during the period. In dedifferentiating zygotic embryoscultured in vitro the putrescine content (nmol mg1 freshweight) rose by a factor of nine and the spermidine contentdoubled within the first week of cultivation, whereas sperminecontent did not change. For embryoderived calli a repeated patternof change in polyamine content was observed throughout the subculturingperiod. Key words: Polyamines, Hordeum vulgare L., embryo development 相似文献
5.
The pigment changes that occur during transformation of etioplaststo fully developed chloroplasts have been studied in seedlingsof barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by greening with white lightof low (1525 µmol m2 s1) and medium(150 µmol m2 s1) intensity. At least 24h longer was required in the low light regime for the same concentrationof pigment to be accumulated in the seedlings. The increasein pigment content was mainly due to the synthesis of chlorophyllsa and b. Of the carotenoids present, the increases in the levelsof neoxanthin and, especially, ß-carotene were muchgreater than those observed for the other carotenoids. Levelsof lutein also increased but this change was small by comparisonto those observed for neoxanthin and ß-carotene. Inthe long-term the concentration of violaxanthin remained unalteredalthough significant transient changes were recorded. The levelsof antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin were markedly reduced duringgreening. The rate of pigment synthesis decreased with increasingcell age, i.e. from the base to the tip of the primary leaf.Overall, carotenoid levels increased by approximately 100% atthe base of the seedling but hardly at all at the tip. Key words: Hordeum vulgare, carotenoids, violaxanthin-cycle, etiolation 相似文献
6.
We report that growth of Dunaliella salina at either 13°C/150µmol m2s1 or 30°C/2,500 µmol m2s1 results in the accumulation of comparable levels ofcarotenoids and the zeaxanthin-binding protein, Cbr. We concludethat carotenoid and Cbr abundance in this green alga respondto changes in PSII excitation pressure ratherthan to high light per se. (Received September 19, 1996; Accepted November 20, 1996) 相似文献
7.
The effects of different applied NO3 concentrations onextension growth and final length and area of leaves 14of five cereals and six pasture grasses of temperate originwere examined. Increased applied NO3 in the range 0.10.5.0mol m3 caused decreased duration of growth but increasedgrowth rate and final length of leaves 24 of the cerealsAvena saliva, Hordeum vulgare, Secale cereale, x Triticosecaleand Triticum aestivum. For all cereals, increased NO3resulted in increased area of leaves 14. Pasture grasseswere supplied either 0.5 or 50 mol m3 NO3. Increasedapplied NO3 (0.55.0 mol m3) resulted indecreased duration of growth and increased growth rate and finalarea of leaves 14 of Bromus wiltdenowii, leaves 24ofFestuca arundinaceae and leaves 3 and 4 of Lolium muitiflorum.In addition, length of leaves 3 and 4 of B. witidenowii increasedwith increased NO3. Increased NO3 resulted inincreased area of leaves 24 of Dactylis gtomerata andLolium perenne and leaves 3 and 4 of Phalaris aquaiica but hadno effect on extension growth of all three species. Avena sativa L, oat, Hordeum vulgare L, barley, Secale cereale L, rye, x Triticosecale Wittm, triticale, Triticum aestivum L, wheat, Bromus willdenowii Kunth, prairie grass, Dactylis gtomerata L, cocksfoot, Festuca arundinaceae Shreb, tall fescue, Lolium multijlorum Lam, Italian ryegrass, Lolium perenne L, perennial ryegrass, Phalaris aquatica L, nitrate, leaf extension, leaf expansion 相似文献
8.
THALER M.; STEIGNER W.; F?RSTER B.; K?HLER K.; SIMONIS W.; URBACH W. 《Journal of experimental botany》1989,40(11):1195-1203
The role of cytoplasmic calcium activity in activation of K+-channelsin the unicellular green alga Eremosphaera viridis has beenstudied. As reported previously, after a light offsignal a voltage independent opening of K+-channels in the plasmalemmais observed. This effect is indicated by a transient polarization(TP) with a simultaneous increase of the membrane conductance.TPs can also be triggered by different treatments, which allowinvestigations within a short-circuited signalchain. (i) After incubation with EGTA a single extended TP canbe released by a sudden increase of the external calcium concentration.The Ca2+-channel inhibitors nifedipine (10 2 mol m3)and verapamil (5 ? 102 mol m3) suppress the releaseof this TP. (ii) In the presence of external calcium the additionof the ionophore A23187
[GenBank] (103 mol m3) causes anextremely prolonged TP. (iii) Low external concentrations ofbarium (102 mol m3) induce repetitive TPs in thepresence of external calcium. In this case the Ca2+-channelinhibitors are less effective. (iv) Strontium (0.11.0mol m3) is able to trigger repetitive TPs even withoutexternal calcium. Whereas barium may stimulate a calcium influx,strontium can serve as a substitute for calcium to induce anopening of K+-channels. These results indicate strongly a Ca2+-dependentand voltage-independent activation of K+-channels in the plasmalemmaof Eremosphaera. The participation of cytoplasmic calcium inthe signal transduction chain after a light offsignal is discussed. Key words: Ca2+-dependent K+-channels, Ca2+-channel effectors, A23187, transient membrane potential, Eremosphaera 相似文献
9.
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Digger) was grown for 22 d inenclosed chambers with a CO2 enrichment of 35, 155, 400 or 675µmol CO2 mol1. CO2 enrichment increased photosyntheticcapacity in the plants grown at either of the two highest levelsof pCO2. A CO2 enrichment of 675µmol CO2 caused a significantincrement of shoot dry weight, whereas no changes were observedin fresh weight, chlorophyll or protein levels. At a light intensityof 860µmol m2s1 CO2 enrichment caused photosyntheticcapacity to increase by 250%, whereas no effect was observedat 80 µmol m2 s1. Over time, photosynthesisdecreased by 70% independent of CO2. A time-dependent increasein the level of extractable fructose was observed whereas totalextractable carbohydrate only changed slightly. Key words: Carbohydrates, CO2 enrichment, Hordeum vulgare, photosynthesis, respiration 相似文献
10.
MATTSSON M.; LUNDBORG T.; LARSSON M.; LARSSON C.-M. 《Journal of experimental botany》1992,43(1):25-30
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cvs Golf, Mette, and Laevigatum)was grown under nitrogen limitation in solution culture untilnear maturity. Three different nitrogen addition regimes wereused: in the HN culture the relative rate of nitrate-Naddition (RA) was 0·08 d1 until day 48 and thendecreased stepwise to, finally, 0·005 d1 duringgrain-filling; the LN culture received 45% ofthe nitrogen added in HN; the CN culture was maintainedat RA 0·0375 d1 throughout. Kinetics of net nitrateuptake were measured during ontogeny at 30 to 150 mmol m3external nitrate. Vmax (which is argued to reflect the maximuminflux rate in these plants) declined with age in both HN andLN cultures. A pronounced transient drop was observed just beforeanthesis, which correlated in time with a peak in root nitrateconcentration. Similar, but less pronounced, trends were observedin CN. The relative Vmax (unit nitrogen taken up per unit nitrogenin plants and day) in all three cultures declined from 1·32·3d1 during vegetative growth to 0·10·7d1 during generative growth. These values are in HN andLN cultures 15- to more than 100-fold in excess of the demandset by growth rates throughout ontogeny. Predicted balancingnitrate concentrations (defined as the nitrate concentrationrequired to support the observed rate of growth) were below6·0 mmol m3 in HN and LN cultures before anthesisand then decreased during ontogeny. In CN cultures the balancingnitrate concentration increased during grain-filling. Apartfrom the transient decline during anthesis, most of the effectof ageing on relative Vmax can be explained in terms of reducedcontribution of roots to total biomass (R:T). The loss in uptakeper unit root weight is largely compensated for by the declinewith time in average tissue nitrogen concentrations. The quantitativerelationships between relative Vmax and R:T in ageing plantsare similar to those observed for vegetative plants culturedat different RAs. The data support the contention that the capacity for nitrateacquisition in N-limited plants is under general growth control,rather than controlled by specific regulation of the biochemicalpathway of nitrate assimilation. Key words: Barley, nitrogen concentration, root: total plant biomass ratio, Vmax 相似文献
11.
Growth and ripening of strawberry (Fragariaananassa Duch.)fruit harvested at immature stages of development was accomplishedby placing the peduncles of individual fruit in solutions composedof hydroxyquinoline hemisulphate (HQS) and sucrose. Fruit cultivarand developmental stage at harvest were the major determinantsof in vitro performance. Pajaro fruit harvestedat 50 to 60% maturity exhibited the greatest and most uniformweight gain when placed in solutions containing 200 mol m3HQS and 88 mol m3 sucrose. Although the final fruit weightof in vitro-ripened fruit was less than that of field-ripenedfruit, colour development in vitro occurred at the same rateand to the same extent as field-grown fruit. Key words: Ripening, non-climacteric fruit 相似文献
12.
Zoea I larvae of the brown shrimp Crangon crangon (Decapoda)were exposed to varying levels of UV radiation in a sunshinesimulator. Short-term exposures (08 h)were used to determine the highest UV dose with no significanteffect (NOEC; defined by limit of detection) and the lethaldose of 10 and 50% mortality (LD10 and LD50). Crangon crangonshowed a relatively high sensitivity to UVB radiation (NOEC= 10 kJ m2, LD10 = 15 kJ m2, LD50 = 24 kJ m2)compared to other crust-acean species. LD values (19971998)showed no adaptation to seasonal light regimes. Long-termexposures (010 days) were carried out to assessthe range where the law of reciprocity is valid.The larvae were exposed to UV levels of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.7 J m2for appropriate time intervals, always cumulating in a sublethaldose of 5 kJ m2 day1. Results reflect a possiblethreshold (0.20.4 J m2 UVB) in the effect of thedifferent UVB doses used; thus, a proportional relationshipof intensity and exposure time can only be shown at UVB levelsabove this threshold intensity. 相似文献
13.
The effects of different applied NO3 concentrations onextension growth and final length and area of leaves 14of five cereals and six pasture grasses of temperate originwere examined. Increased applied NO3 in the range 0.150mol m3; caused decreased duration of growth but increasedgrowth rate and final length of leaves 24 of the cerealsAvena saliva, Hordeum vulgare, Secale cereale x Triticosecaleand Triticum aestivum. For all cereals, increased NO3resulted in increased area of leaves 1-4. Pasture grasses weresupplied either 0.5 or 50 mol m3; NO3. Increasedapplied NO3 (0.550 mol m3) resulted indecreased duration of growth and increased growth rate and finalarea of leaves 14 of Bromus willdenowii leaves 24of Festuca arundinaceae and leaves 3 and 4 of Lolium multiflorum.In addition, length of leaves 3 and 4 of B. willdenowii increasedwith increased NO3. Increased NO3 resulted in increased areaof leaves 24 of Daciylis glomerata and Lolium perenneand leaves 3 and 4 of Phalaris aquatica but had no effect onextension growth of all three species. Avena saliva L., oat, Hordeum vulgare L., barley, Secale cereaie L., rye, x Triticosecale Wittm, triticale, Triticum aestivum L., wheat, Bromus willdenowii Kunth, prairie grass, Dactylis glomerata L., cocksfoot, Festuca arundinaceae Shreb, tall fescue, Lolium multiflorum Lam, Italian ryegrass, Lolium perenne L, perennial ryegrass, Phalaris aquatica L, nitrate,, leaf extension, leaf expansion 相似文献
14.
MATTSSON M.; LUNDBORG T.; LARSSON M.; LARSSON C.-M. 《Journal of experimental botany》1992,43(1):15-23
Growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cvs Golf, Mette, and Laevigatum)under N-limitation was investigated in solution culture, withspecial emphasis on the generative growth stage. Three differentregimes for limiting nitrate-N availability while keeping otherelements in surplus were employed. In the high, decreasingnitrogen (HN) treatment, the relative nitrogen additionrate (RA) was maintained at 0.08 d1 until the ears startedto develop and was then decreased stepwise to, finally, RA 0·005d1. In the low, decreasing nitrogen (LN)treatment, plants received 45% of the nitrogen added in HN.In the constant nitrogen (CN) treatment, RA washeld constant at 0·0375 d1. Cumulative nitrogenadditions at termination of the experiment (day 147 after sowing)were 192, 179 and 87 mg plant1 for HN, CN, and LN cultures,respectively. Nitrogen availability limited nitrogen acquisitionin all treatments except in the CN culture at plant ages above110 d. Stepwise decrease of RA largely synchronized transitionsin developmental stages in the different cultivars and nitrogenregimes (HN and LN), and eventually yielded plants that wereclose to completing their life cycle. Normal maturation wasnot obtained in the CN treatment. The HN and LN treatments wereused for formal analysis of post-anthesis growth. A sigmoidfunction was fitted to growth data and from this, organ weightsand nitrogen concentrations at maturity (defined as cessationof growth) were derived. The two modern cultivars, Golf andMette, clearly outperformed the more primitive cv. Laevigatumin terms of allocation of nitrogen to ears, particularly inthe LN culture. The stepwise decrease of RA appears suitablefor studies of post-anthesis growth and nitrogen relations inbarley, with regard to both genotypic variation and variationcaused by differences in cumulative amounts of nitrogen added. Key words: Barley, development, growth, nitrogen concentration, post-anthesis 相似文献
15.
The inactivation of nitrate reductase in the leaves and rootsof barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Mazurka) during and afterextracting was investigated. At 0 °C in the absence of casein,25 per cent of total. i.e. maximal in vitro, nitratereductase activity was lost during the 2 min extraction process,followed by a slower loss of activity while the extract wasstored in ice. Activity was maintained by adding a minimum of1 per cent casein to the extraction medium containing 0·1M phosphate (pH 7·5), 1 mM EDTA and 1 mM dithiothreitol.Nitrate reductase was stable for several hours in these extracts,but declined in a first order manner in the absence of dithiothreitol.Casein also prevented the initial loss while making root extracts,but had less effect during storage. Using casein and thiols, nitrate reductase activity in light,(as product of maximal in vitro rates and wt g1) in leaveswas 98 per cent of the total activity in 31-day-old plants grownwith full nutrient in water culture and 60-day-old field-grownplants receiving no fertilizer. Field-grown plants, however,exhibited only 17 per cent of the activity of culture-grownplants. Nitrate reductase in leaves of barley plants grown in waterculture had a diurnal rhythm. During the first 3 h of the lightperiod, activity increased to 1·3 x the darkvalue. This was followed by a temporary decrease and then byanother increase to a maximum of 1·7 x the darkvalue, occurring about 8 h after illumination. Activity thendecreased during the rest of the light period and in darkness. Hordeum vulgare L., barley, nitrate reductase 相似文献
16.
《Journal of experimental botany》1977,28(6):1247
Effects of coupled solute and water flow in plant roots withspecial reference to Brouwer's experiment. Edwin L. Fiscus. p. 71 Abstract: Line 3 delete interval insertinternal. p. 73 Materials and Methods: line 6: delete diversion insert division line 9 equation should read Jv=Lp PRT(C0C1). 74 Last line of figure legend: 101 should read 1011. 75 Line 11: delete seems insert seem. le 1 column heading106 should read 1011. 77 delete ...membrane in series of... insert membranein series or... Delete final paragraph. 相似文献
17.
Ricinus communis L. (castor bean) plants were grown in the absence(control) and in the presence of 100molm3NaCl with areciprocal split-root system, in which K+ was supplied to oneand NO3 to the other part of the root system. In theseplants shoot and, to a lesser extent, total root growth wereinhibited compared to plants with non-split roots. Without andwith NaCl, growth of roots receiving NO3 but noK+ (minusK/plus N-roots) was substantially more vigorous thanunder the reverse conditions (plus K/minus N-roots1).100mol m3 NaCl inhibited growth of minus K/plus N-roots1to the same extent as that of non-split roots, indicating thatexternally supplied K+ was not required for root growth undersaline conditions. In growth media without added K+ the rootdepleted the external low K + levels resulting from chemicalsdown to a minimum value Cmln (1.0 to 1.4 mmol m3); inthe presence of 100 mol m3 NaCl, Cmin, was higher (1018mmol m3) and resulted from an initial net loss of K +.Cmin, was pH-dependent The distribution of K+, Na+ and Mg2+along the root was measured. In meristematic root tissues, K+ concentrations were scarcely affected by external K+ or byNaCl, where Na + concentrations were low, but somewhat elevatedat low external K+ and/or high NaCl. In differentiated, vacuolatedtissues K + concentrations were low and Na+ concentrations high,if K + was not supplied externally and/or NaCl was present.The longitudinal distribution of ions within the root was usedto estimate cytoplasmic and vacuolar ion concentrations. Thesedata showed a narrow homoeostasis of cytoplasmic K+ concentrations(100140 mol m3) independent of external K + supplyeven in the presence of 100 mol m 3 NaCl. CytoplasmicNa + concentrations were maintained at remarkably low levels.Hence, external K+ concentrations above Cmin, were not requiredfor maintaining K/Na selectivity, i.e. for controlling Na+ entry.The results are discussed with regard to mechanisms of K/Naselectivity and to the importance of phloem import of K+ forsalt tolerance of roots and for cytoplasmic K+ homoeostasis. Key words: Ricinus communis, nitrate, potassium, root (split-root), salt tolerance, phloem transport 相似文献
18.
Excised embryos of Phaseolus vulgaris incubated in a mediumcontaining 10 mg dm3 farnesol showed enhanced root growthwhereas the leaves remained rudimentary At lower concentrationsof exogenous farnesol normal leaf development occurred and rootgrowth was comparable to untreated cultures. Enhanced root growthalso occurred when excised embryos of Hordeum vulgare were treatedwith farnesol but only at 10 mg dm3 and this treatmentdid not prevent leaf growth X-ray micro-probe analysis of leavesrevealed an increased phosphorus content in P vulgaris and adecreased sulphur content in H vulgare in comparison to untreatedplants. Hordeum vulgare L., barley, Phaseolus vulgaris, bean, embryo culture, farnesol, X-ray microprobe analysis, root growth 相似文献
19.
The Sensitivity of Net Photosynthesis in Several Plant Species to Short-term Fumigation with Sulphur Dioxide 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The effects of exposure of up to 2 h with sulphur dioxide ona range of plant species was observed by measuring changes inthe rate of net photosynthesis under closely controlled environmentalconditions. Ryegrass, Lolium perenne S23 was thespecies most sensitive to SO2; significant inhibition was detectedat 200 nl l1. Fumigations at 300 nl l1 also inhibitedphotosynthesis in field bean (Vicia faba cv. Three FoldWhite and Blaze) and in barley (Hordeumvulgare cv. Sonja). No effect was detected inwheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Virtue) at concentrationsup to 600 nl l1 SO2, or in oil-seed rape (Brassica napuscv. Rafal) except at 800 nl l1 SO2). Recoverycommenced immediately after the fumigation was terminated andwas complete within 2 h when inhibition had not exceeded 20%during the SO2 treatment. Key words: Sulphur dioxide, short-term fumigation, photosynthesis 相似文献
20.
Salt Tolerance in the Triticeae: K/Na Discrimination in Barley 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
GORHAM J.; BRISTOL A.; YOUNG E. M.; JONESH R. G. WYN; KASHOUR G. 《Journal of experimental botany》1990,41(9):1095-1101
Concentrations of ions were measured in the youngest fully-expandedleaves of Triticum aestivum, T. durum, Hordeum vulgare, H. spontaneum,Secale cereale, and Aegilops squarrosa accessions grown in hydroponicculture in the presence of salt (NaCl+CaCl2). Triticum aestivum,Secale cereale, and Ae. squarrosa had the low leaf Na and highleaf K concentrations typical of plants which contain the enhancedK/Na discrimination character originally found in Ae. squarrosa.T. durum and the Hordeum species did not have this character.The better growth of H. vulgare than of T. durum with similarsalt concentrations in the youngest fully-expanded leaves maybe a result of better compartmentation of Na, Cl, and K betweendifferent tisssues or between different compartments withincells. The enhanced K/Na discrimination character was expressedin disomic addition lines of H. vulgare chromosomes in Triticumaestivum. The H. vulgare variety Herta and its slender mutantboth had similar leaf cation concentrations, although they differedin growth rate when grown at 60 mol m3 NaCl. H. vulgareand T. durum seedlings grown in the absence of monovalent cationsaccumulated more 22Na in their shoots than seedlings of otherspecies when incubated in 1.0 mol m3 NaCl labelled with22Na. Key words: Salt, ion transport, I genome, barley, wheat 相似文献