中枢5-HT与酒精依赖有关

动物及临床实验表明,一些药物能选择性地与5-HT系统相互作用,从而降低机体对酒精的摄取。由酒精滥用与依赖所导致的社会及自身健康与经济上的后果给社会带来严重的问题,例如,美国1990年用于酒精滥用与依赖的经济费用就高达1363亿美元。在过去40年,对酒精滥用及酒精依赖患者主要给予抗抑郁、抗焦虑、镇静催眠等治疗精神病的药物,但效果甚微。     

5-HT受体亚型在大鼠颌下腺的免疫组织化学定位及5-HT的功能研究

目的 研究探讨了大鼠颌下腺中5-羟钩胺受体亚型的分布以及5-HT功能。方法 免疫组织化学法和免疫酶联检测法,结果 大鼠颌下腺的浆液性腺泡上皮细胞,闰管,颗粒曲管,纹状管和排泄管的管壁上皮细胞均呈5-HT1AR离体培养的颌下腺分泌神经生长因子（NGF）,但是,当外源5-HT浓度大于10^-7时却抑制NGF的分泌。结论 提示5-HT对颌下腺NGF的分泌可能起双向调节的作用。     

Computational exploration of polymorphisms in 5-hydoxytryptamine 5-HT₁A and 5-HT₂A receptors associated with psychiatric disease

The huge polymorphic data have been prioritized towards a specific disease based on sequence and structure homology tools to a large extent. In this study, we have explored the potential non-synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (nsSNP) in serotonin (5-HT) receptors involved in psychotic syndromes and their response pathway. The most damaging point mutations were screened from 12 classes of serotonin receptors comprising 7743 variants. In 5HT(1A) receptor, two alleles were found to be highly deleterious located at ligand binding extracellular-2 and one at intracellular loop-3 domains. Similarly, we found two alleles predicted to be highly damaging in 5HT(2A) residing at N and C-Terminal domains. The above alleles were further confirmed based on their flexibility and stability difference using the molecular dynamic simulation analysis. Integrating these results appeared promising for being able to filter out potential non-synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms for neuropsychiatric disorders.     

荷叶中的生物碱及其对5-HT 2A和5-HT 2C受体的激动作用研究CSCD

对荷叶中的生物碱进行了分离、鉴定和调脂减肥活性研究。本研究结合传统酸提碱沉法与现代高效液相色谱制备技术,从荷叶中分离、纯化到11个生物碱,分别被鉴定为N-氧基原荷叶碱(1)、原荷叶碱(2)、莲碱(3)、降氧化北美黄连次碱(4)、荜茇宁(5)、巴婆碱(6)、O-去甲基荷叶碱(7)、N-去甲基荷叶碱(8)、荷叶碱(9)、衡州乌药碱(10)和亚美罂粟碱(11),其中,化合物1、4和5为首次从荷叶中分得。测试所得化合物对5-HT_(2A)和5-HT_(2C)受体的激动作用,结果表明11个生物碱对5-HT_(2A)受体均具有一定的激动作用,进一步揭示了荷叶调脂减肥的可能药效基础和作用机理。     

Do imipramine and dihydroergosine possess two components--one stimulating 5-HT1 and the other inhibiting 5-HT2 receptors?

The mechanisms by which imipramine and dihydroergosine stimulate the 5-HT syndrome in rats and inhibit the head-twitch response in rats and mice were studied. Imipramine- and dihydroergosine-induced stimulation of the 5-HT syndrome was inhibited stereoselectively by propranolol, a high affinity ligand for 5-HT1 receptor sites, but not by ritanserin, a specific 5-HT2 receptor antagonist. (-)-Propranolol potentiated the inhibitory effect of imipramine, but not of dihydroergosine on the head-twitch response, while ritanserin was without effect. Neither imipramine nor dihydroergosine were able to stimulate the 5-HT syndrome in the animals pretreated with p-chlorophenylalanine. As expected, 8-OH-DPAT, a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, stimulated, and 5-HT1B agonists CGS 12066B and 1-(trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP) failed to stimulate the 5-HT syndrome induced in rats by pargyline and 5-HTP administration. A higher dose of ritanserin inhibited the syndrome. While 8-OH-DPAT alone produced all behavioral components of the 5-HT syndrome, dihydroergosine or imipramine alone even at very high doses never produced tremor or a more intensive forepaw padding as seen when these drugs were given in combination with pargyline and 5-HTP. A single administration of (-)-propranolol also inhibited the head-twitch response. This effect lasted in mice longer than after ritanserin administration. In in vitro experiments dihydroergosine expressed approximately twenty-fold higher affinity for 3H-ketanserin binding sites than imipramine. The results suggest that imipramine and dihydroergosine possess two components--one stimulating the 5-HT syndrome in rats by a presynaptic, presumably 5-HT1A-mediated mechanism, and the other inhibiting 5-HT2 binding sites.     

5-HT2和5-HT3受体在外周初级感觉神经末梢痛反应和痛调制中的相互作用

目的：探讨5-HT2和5-HT3受体亚型在5-HT引起外周痛反应和痛调制中的相互作用及其机制;方法：在大鼠三又神经节神经元标本上应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录5-羟色胺激活电流（15_HT）,并结合痛行为实验进行观察。结果：在大多数受检细胞（54／88,61．4％）特别是中、小型细胞外加5-HT可引起一快去敏感的内向电流,此内向电流能被5-HT,受体特异性激动剂2-甲基-5-羟色胺所模拟,被5-HT3受体拮抗剂ICS250-930可逆性阻断,而5-HT2受体激动剂α-甲基-5-羟色胺则有明显增强15-HT的作用,5-HT1受体激动剂R-（＋）-UH301无明显反应。在进一步的整体清醒动物的行为学试验中我们观察到,大鼠后肢掌底皮下注射5-HT（10-5,10-4和10-3mol／L）引起浓度依赖性的痛行为反应,而用5-HT2和5-HT3受体特异性拮抗剂Cyproheptadine和ICS250-930分别阻断相应受体亚型后,5-HT引起的痛行为反应的强度序列为：5-HT〉5-HT＋ICS〉5-HT＋Cyp。结论：本文结果提示：5-HT所引起的痛反应中,在初级感觉神经元水平5-HT3受体可能仅起着启始作用,而5-HT,受体则在伤害性信息的维持和调制过程中发挥更大的作用。     

Novel brain penetrant benzofuropiperidine 5-HT₆ receptor antagonists

7-Arylsulfonyl substituted benzofuropiperidine was discovered as a novel scaffold for 5HT(6) receptor antagonists. Optimization by substitution at C-1 position led to identification of selective, orally bioavailable, brain penetrant antagonists with reduced hERG liability. An advanced analog tested in rat social recognition model showed significant activity suggesting potential utility in the enhancement of short-term memory.     

Synthesis and structure–affinity relationships of novel small molecule natural product derivatives capable of discriminating between serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptor subtypes

Efforts to develop ligands that distinguish between clinically relevant 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C serotonin receptor subtypes have been challenging, because their sequences have high homology. Previous studies reported that a novel aplysinopsin belonging to a chemical class of natural products isolated from a marine sponge was selective for the 5-HT2C over the 5-HT2A receptor subtype. Our goal was to explore the 5-HT2A/2C receptor structure–affinity relationships of derivatives based on the aplysinopsin natural product pharmacophore. Twenty aplysinopsin derivatives were synthesized, purified and tested for their affinities for cloned human serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C receptor subtypes. Four compounds in this series had >30-fold selectivity for 5-HT2A or 5-HT2C receptors. The compound (E)-5-((5,6-dichloro-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)-2-imino-1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-4-one (UNT-TWU-22, 16) had approximately 2100-fold selectivity for the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor subtype: an affinity for 5-HT2C equal to 46 nM and no detectable affinity for the 5-HT1A or 5-HT2A receptor subtypes. The two most important factors controlling 5-HT2A or 5-HT2C receptor subtype selectivity were the combined R1,R3-alkylation of the imidazolidinone ring and the type and number of halogens on the indole ring of the aplysinopsin pharmacophore.     

5-HT metabolism in the intestinal wall of the rat—II. The nerves plexuses—interactions between 5-HT containing cells

The presence of serotonin (5-HT) in dissected intestinal muscular wall of the caecum was demonstrated by the determination of endogenous level of the amine by both spectrofluorimetric and radioenzymatic assays. Biosynthesis of [³H]5-HT from [³H]tryptophan in in vitro conditions revealed the presence of tryptophan hydroxylase in these muscular layers and therefore strongly suggest the presence of serotoninergic neurons. Following dissection of the mucosa from the muscular layers containing the nerve plexuses, endogenous 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid levels as well as amounts of [³H]5-HT synthesized from [³H]tryptophan were always higher than those found in intact fragments of the caecum. These results are discussed in terms of metabolic processes involved in the regulation between the two 5-HT containing compartments.     

Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of new carbonyl guanidine derivatives as novel dual 5-HT2B and 5-HT7 receptor antagonists

To identify potent dual 5-HT_2B and 5-HT₇ receptor antagonists, we synthesized a series of novel carbonyl guanidine derivatives and examined their structure–activity relationships. Among these compounds, N-(9-hydroxy-9H-fluorene-2-carbonyl)guanidine (10) had a good in vitro profile, that is, potent affinity for human 5-HT_2B and 5-HT₇ receptor subtypes (K_i = 1.8 nM and K_i = 17.6 nM, respectively) and high selectivity over 5-HT_2A, 5-HT_2C, α₁, D₂ and M₁ receptors. Compound 10 also showed a suppressing effect on 5-HT-induced dural protein extravasation in guinea pigs when orally administered.     

Enhancement of fluoxetine-dependent increase of extracellular serotonin (5-HT) levels by (−)-pindolol,an antagonist at 5-HT1A receptors

The somatodendritic 5-HT_1A autoreceptor is known to regulate activity of 5-HT neurons and consequently 5-HT release. Administration of a selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) increased extracellular 5-HT levels in rat hypothalamus up to 260 percent of basal levels. (−)-Pindolol, an antagonist at the somatodendritic 5-HT_1A autoreceptor, dose-dependently (1, 3 and 5 mg/kg, s.c.) potentiated the fluoxetine dependent increase up to 458 percent of basal 5-HT levels for approximately 1.5 hours. Continuous infusion of (±)-pindolol at 30 mg/kg/h s.c. enhanced the fluoxetine dependent elevation of extracellular 5-HT concentrations in hypothalamus up to 464 percent of basal levels and lasted for 3 hours. Thus, the combination of 5-HT uptake inhibition with antagonism at the somatodendritic 5-HT_1A autoreceptor can enhance 5-HT release to levels beyond those achieved with uptake inhibition alone. The present findings are consistent with the hypothesis that blockade of somatodendritic 5-HT_1A autoreceptors removes the inhibitory effect exerted by the elevated 5-HT levels resulting from uptake inhibition.     

5-HT和DA对虾蟹打斗行为影响的研究进展

5-羟色胺(5-HT)和多巴胺(DA)是两种神经递质,可与众多不同类型的受体结合发挥多种重要的生理功能.现已证明其广泛分布于多种动物的不同组织中,在动物的打斗行为活动中起着重要的调节作用.目前,在虾蟹中已被报道的5-HT受体主要有5种,分别是5-HT1A、5-HT1B、5HT2A、5HT2B和5-HT7;DA受体主要为DA1A、DA1B、DA2和DA4.5-HT和DA及其受体分布存在明显的种属和组织特异性.5-HT和DA参于了虾蟹打斗行为的调节过程并有不同的调节机理.5-HT可以调节环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)或高血糖激素(CHH)的释放,促进或抑制虾蟹打斗行为;而DA同样能够通过调节cAMP及COMT等物质的释放来调节虾蟹打斗行为.     

异色瓢虫视觉系统中5-HT阳性神经元的分布

本文运用树脂石蜡（Colophony-Paraffin,CP;专利号：ZL98125709．7）组织包埋切片技术,结合免疫组织化学链酶菌抗生物素蛋白一过氧化物酶（Streptavidin-Peroxidase,SP）双染法,对异色瓢虫视觉系统中5-羟色胺（5-HT）能神经元的分布进行了初步研究。结果显示,异色瓢虫视觉系统的结构及5-HT免疫反应系统相对比较特殊。5-HT阳性神经元胞体数目较少,染色显著,并聚集成群。根据胞体定位、细胞形态及轴突走向,可大体分为5群,其中包括1群呈弱反应的光感细胞。5-HT阳性膨大纤维支配所有的视神经纤维网,并呈柱状或分层排列模式。结果表明5-HT作为经典的神经递质在昆虫的视觉信息处理过程中可能发挥重要的调节作用,且主要以远距离的广域神经调节模式为主,并在特定区域和GABA有伴随现象。此外,昆虫视觉系统中5-HT的含量还可能与其明暗适应的生理调节方式具有相关性[动物学报51（5）：912—918,2005]。     

噪声对鼠脑内5-羟色胺(5-HT)代谢的影响

本文分析了静适应和不同类型的噪声对615鼠和小白鼠脑内5-HT代谢的影响.静适应可引起大多数615鼠脑内5-HT代谢显著性下降15.1%和19.6%.连续脉冲噪声可使其脑内5-HT代谢显著性增高10.2%和22.5%.静适应和连续脉冲噪声对大多数小白鼠脑内5-HT的代谢无显著性影响.但是优势频率为125-250Hz的低频杂乱噪声和粉红噪声都可引起静适应小白鼠脑内5-HT代谢显著性增高,分别增高29.0-39.7%和28.0-32.7%.     

5-HT1A receptor-mediated apoptosis: death by JNK?

There is growing interest in the potential use of 5-HT(1A) receptor agonists as neuroprotective agents in stroke and traumatic brain injury. However, a new study using a recombinant 5-HT(1A) receptor cell line suggests that these agonists may promote as well as inhibit apoptotic responses. Because heterologously expressed receptors may couple promiscuously to inappropriate signal transduction pathways, the results should be interpreted with caution.     

Molecular and Pharmacological Characterization of Serotonin 5-HT2α and 5-HT7 Receptors in the Salivary Glands of the Blowfly Calliphora vicina

Secretion in blowfly (Calliphora vicina) salivary glands is stimulated by the biogenic amine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), which activates both inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP₃)/Ca²⁺ and cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) signalling pathways in the secretory cells. In order to characterize the signal-inducing 5-HT receptors, we cloned two cDNAs (Cv5-ht2α, Cv5-ht7) that share high similarity with mammalian 5-HT₂ and 5-HT₇ receptor genes, respectively. RT-PCR demonstrated that both receptors are expressed in the salivary glands and brain. Stimulation of Cv5-ht2α-transfected mammalian cells with 5-HT elevates cytosolic [Ca²⁺] in a dose-dependent manner (EC₅₀ = 24 nM). In Cv5-ht7-transfected cells, 5-HT produces a dose-dependent increase in [cAMP]_i (EC₅₀ = 4 nM). We studied the pharmacological profile for both receptors. Substances that appear to act as specific ligands of either Cv5-HT_2α or Cv5-HT₇ in the heterologous expression system were also tested in intact blowfly salivary gland preparations. We observed that 5-methoxytryptamine (100 nM) activates only the Cv5-HT_2α receptor, 5-carboxamidotryptamine (300 nM) activates only the Cv5-HT₇ receptor, and clozapine (1 µM) antagonizes the effects of 5-HT via Cv5-HT₇ in blowfly salivary glands, providing means for the selective activation of each of the two 5-HT receptor subtypes. This study represents the first comprehensive molecular and pharmacological characterization of two 5-HT receptors in the blowfly and permits the analysis of the physiological role of these receptors, even when co-expressed in cells, and of the modes of interaction between the Ca²⁺- and cAMP-signalling cascades.     

Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of new carbonyl guanidine derivatives as novel dual 5-HT2B and 5-HT7 receptor antagonists. Part 2

We previously reported that the novel dual 5-HT_2B and 5-HT₇ receptor antagonist N-(9-hydroxy-9H-fluorene-2-carbonyl)guanidine (4) exerted a suppressing effect on 5-HT-induced dural protein extravasation in guinea pigs. To develop a synthetic strategy, we performed docking studies of lead compound 4 bound to 5-HT_2B and 5-HT₇ receptors, and observed that the carbonyl guanidine group forms a tight interaction network with an active center Asp (D135:5-HT_2B, D162:5-HT₇), Tyr (Y370:5-HT_2B, Y374:5-HT₇) and aromatic residue (W131:5-HT_2B, F158:5-HT₇). Based on molecular modeling results, we optimized the substituents at the 5- to 8-position and 9-position of the fluorene ring and identified N-(diaminomethylene)-9-hydroxy-9-methyl-9H-fluorene-2-carboxamide (24a) exhibits potent affinity for 5-HT_2B (K_i = 4.3 nM) and 5-HT₇ receptor (K_i = 4.3 nM) with high selectivity over 5-HT_2A, 5-HT_2C, α₁, D₂ and M₁ receptors. Compound 24a reversed the hypothermic effect of 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT) in mice and also showed a suppressing effect on 5-HT-induced dural protein extravasation in guinea pigs when orally administered at 30 mg/kg. Compound 24a is therefore a promising candidate for a novel class of anti-migraine agent without any adverse effects.     

跑台运动对攻击行为大鼠内侧下丘脑和中脑导水管周围灰质5-HT1A受体、5-HT2A受体蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨跑台运动对攻击行为大鼠内侧下丘脑(MH)和中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)5-HT1A受体、5-HT2A受体蛋白表达的影响,为研究运动对攻击行为改善的神经生物学机制提供实验基础.方法:3月龄雄性SD大鼠40只,体重160～180 g,随机分为4组:安静组(A)、攻击模型组(G)、攻击跑台组(GP)、入侵组(R)....     

5-HT递质系统调节帕金森病精神症状和认知障碍的研究进展

帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease, PD)是中老年人群最常见的神经退行性疾病之一,以运动障碍为主要表现,常合并有自主神经功能紊乱、嗅觉缺失、睡眠失调、精神症状(抑郁、焦虑)和认知功能障碍等非运动症状,而精神症状和认知功能障碍是最常见的PD相关非运动症状。截止目前,PD相关非运动症状的病理生理学机制尚不清楚。5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)递质系统参与多种脑功能以及神经精神障碍的病理生理学过程,与PD相关非运动症状有密切的联系。本文基于前期的相关研究成果,对5-HT递质系统在PD精神症状及认知障碍中的作用研究进展做一综述,详细阐述脑内5-HT递质系统的分布与功能,以及PD状态下5-HT递质系统的变化,为PD相关精神症状及认知障碍机制的阐明和治疗提供研究资料。     

Heterogeneity amongst 5-HT₃ receptor subunits: is this significant?

The serotonin 3 (5-HT?) receptor is a ligand gated ion channel unlike the other 5-HT receptors which are G protein coupled receptors. The functional 5-HT? receptor forms a pentamer of five symmetrically arranged subunits surrounding a central pore. The 5-HT(3A) subunit was first identified at a molecular level and can form functional homomers or heteromers with the 5-HT(3B) subunit. Recently, three new 5-HT? subunits have been discovered and these can also form functional heteromers with the 5-HT(3A) subunit. In addition, splice variants of the 5-HT? subunits have also been reported. These findings have markedly increased the complexity of the 5-HT? receptor and may form part of the explanation of unresolved differences between studies investigating 5-HT? receptor function in cell lines compared with native tissues. In this review we discuss the properties of the different subunits and their distribution to determine if they contribute to functional changes in the 5-HT? receptor. Several recent pharmacogenomic studies have revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other variations in the different 5-HT? receptor subunits that are associated with various clinical conditions. We discuss the implications of these findings with respect to drug design and tailored pharmacogenomic therapies.