肿瘤坏死因子-α对小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化影响研究

目的:探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha, TNF-α)对小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, BM-MSCs)成骨分化的影响。方法:以在促成骨分化培养基(Osteogenic media, OS)中培养的小鼠BM-MSCs作为对照,用含有TNF-α的OS处理小鼠BM-MSCs。第7天进行碱性磷酸酶染色,或培养第21天进行茜素红染色和定量分析。第7天时用一份细胞提取得到的mRNA通过实时定量RT-PCR测定Runx2和Osterix的mRNA表达,用另一份细胞得到的细胞裂解液通过SDS-PAGE来测定Runx2和Osterix的蛋白质表达。结果:TNF-α抑制碱性磷酸酶活性;TNF-α抑制矿化骨节的形成; TNF-α抑制Runx2和Osterix的mRNA和蛋白质表达。结论:TNF-α对小鼠BM-MSCs成骨分化的抑制,可能部分是通过抑制成骨分化中两个关键的转录因子Runx2和Osterix的mRNA和蛋白质表达来实现的。     

Oxysterol-induced osteoblastic differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal cells is mediated through a PKC- and PKA-dependent pathway

Oxysterols form a large family of oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol that are present in circulation, and in human and animal tissues. The discovery of osteoinductive molecules that can induce the lineage-specific differentiation of cells into osteoblastic cells and therefore enhance bone formation is crucial for better management of bone fractures and osteoporosis. We previously reported that specific oxysterols have potent osteoinductive properties and induce the osteoblastic differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal cells. In the present report we demonstrate that the induction of osteoblastic differentiation by oxysterols is mediated through a protein kinase C (PKC)- and protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent mechanism(s). Furthermore, oxysterol-induced-osteoblastic differentiation is marked by the prolonged DNA-binding activity of Runx2 in M2-10B4 bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) and C3H10T1/2 embryonic fibroblastic cells. This increased activity of Runx2 is almost completely inhibited by PKC inhibitors Bisindolylmaleimide and Rottlerin, and only minimally inhibited by PKA inihibitor H-89. PKC- and PKA-dependent mechanisms appear to also regulate other markers of osteoblastic differentiation including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin mRNA expression in response to oxysterols. Finally, osteogenic oxysterols induce osteoblastic differentiation with BMP7 and BMP14 in a synergistic manner as demonstrated by the enhanced Runx2 DNA-binding activity, ALP activity, and osteocalcin mRNA expression. Since Runx2 is an indispensable factor that regulates the differentiation of osteoblastic cells and bone formation in vitro and in vivo, its increased activity in oxysterol-treated cells further validates the potential role of oxysterols in lineage-specific differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal cells and their potential therapeutic use as bone anabolic factors.