香青兰总黄酮对大鼠离体胸主动脉的舒张作用

香青兰(Dracocephalum MoldavicaL.)为传统维吾尔族药材,具有补益心脑之功效,现代研究表明其对冠心病、心绞痛等病具有治疗作用。该文作者采用大鼠离体胸主动脉灌流技术,观察了香青兰总黄酮的血管舒张作用,旨在为阐明其活性物质基础和作用机制提供依据。结果表明:1)10.0～40.0mg/L香青兰总黄酮对内皮完整和去内皮大鼠主动脉环的基础张力没有明显影响。2)10.0～40.0mg/L香青兰总黄酮对去甲肾上腺素(NE,10μmol/L)所致的内皮完整和去内皮血管均有浓度依赖性的舒张作用,对内皮完整血管的舒张作用更强;一氧化氮合酶抑制剂左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯L-NAME(0.1mmol/L)、鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂亚甲蓝(10μmol/L)和环氧合酶抑制剂吲哚美辛(10μmol/L)预处理均可一定程度上抑制香青兰总黄酮的血管舒张作用,表明血管内皮合成的一氧化氮(NO)信号通路和前列环素(PGI2)信号通路参与了香青兰总黄酮的血管舒张作用。3)香青兰总黄酮预处理去内皮血管环可以抑制细胞外钙内流所致的血管收缩,但对细胞内钙释放所致的血管收缩没有影响,香青兰总黄酮对高钾(60mmol/L KCl)所致血管收缩没有...     

香青兰酚酸性化学成分的研究

从香青兰(Dracocephalum moldavica L.)乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯部位中分离得到8个酚酸性化合物,经过理化性质、波谱分析及文献对照,分别鉴定为amburoside A(1)、阿魏酸(2)、咖啡酸(3)、迷迭香酸(4)、迷迭香酸甲酯(5)、木犀草素(6)、山奈酚(7)和β-胡萝卜苷(8)。其中化合物1～5为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

白黎芦醇和香青兰总黄酮抑制哮喘小鼠TNF-α和IL-6的释放

为研究白藜芦醇和香青兰总黄酮对哮喘小鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)水平的影响,本研究采用卵清蛋白致敏来建立小鼠哮喘模型,给予白藜芦醇和香青兰总黄酮干预后,采用ELISA法检测小鼠BALF中TNF-α和IL-6的含量。结果显示,95 mg·kg^-1·d^-1的白藜芦醇和香青兰总黄酮均可降低哮喘小鼠BALF中的TNF-α和IL-6;95 mg·kg^-1·d^-1的白藜芦醇和香青兰总黄酮对小鼠体重有影响。本研究表明,白藜芦醇和香青兰总黄酮对哮喘炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6的释放具有一定抑制作用。     

采收期对不同种质香青兰生长和产量及其药效成分的影响

以种质‘蒙青兰1号’、白花香青兰、山东香青兰、甘肃香青兰、新疆香青兰种子为材料,分析盐碱地栽培中采收期(盛花期、终花期、成熟期)对不同种质香青兰生长生理特性、药材产量及药效成分含量的影响,为内蒙古中部地区盐碱地中推广种植香青兰提供依据。结果显示：(1)种质资源、采收期及其互作效应对香青兰的形态生长指标有一定的显著性影响;随着采收期的推迟,各种质香青兰的鲜重表现为逐渐降低的趋势,并以盛花期为最佳;株高等形态生长指标均表现为逐渐增高的趋势,并以成熟期为最佳。(2)抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质等抗逆生理指标表现为逐渐降低的趋势,并以盛花期为最佳。(3)光合气体交换参数表现为逐渐降低的趋势,并以盛花期为最佳。(4)药材产量表现为先增高后降低的趋势,以终花期为最佳;药效成分含量则表现为逐渐降低的趋势,并以盛花期为最佳。其中,终花期的‘蒙青兰1号’药材产量最高(4 692.32 kg·hm^-2);盛花期的新疆香青兰药效成分含量最高,总黄酮含量达23.40 mg·g^-1,挥发油含量达0.59%。研究表明,在各种质与采收期组合中,终花期的‘蒙青兰1号’药材产量最高,盛花期的新疆香青兰生长特性以及药效成分含量均为最高;在栽培实践中,注重产量可选择‘蒙青兰1号’并于终花期进行采收为宜,追求药效则采用新疆香青兰并于盛花期采收为宜。     

我国北方特有的新香型香料植物资源—香青兰

通过对山西境内的野生香青兰植物资源状况,人工栽培技术,精油提取技术和化学成分检出结果的介绍,证明了：国内外至今尚未开发的香青兰是一种抗逆性强,香型独特,很有开发价值的新香型香料植物,为北方野生资源开发利用,提出新的方向     

临床路径对短暂性脑缺血患者影响的ITS分析

目的 了解某医院实施临床路径改革对短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack,TIA）患者药费、检查费和住院日的影响。方法 使用间断时间序列分析方法（ITS）分析方法对医院2012年12月至2015年5月TIA患者药费、检查费和住院日进行分析。结果 检查费、住院日显著性下降,药费下降但无统计学意义。结论 实施临床路径改革对缩短患者住院日和控制医疗费用具有积极作用。     

灯盏花总黄酮对沙土鼠短暂性脑缺血再灌注损伤的神经保护作用

目的研究灯盏花总黄酮(EBF)和灯盏花醇提物对沙土鼠短暂性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法采用沙土鼠双侧颈总动脉夹闭10 min再灌注5 d,造成短暂性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,观察EBF和灯盏花醇提物对沙土鼠死亡率、卒中指数、脑电图(EEG)、脑组织钙、钠、水和脂质过氧化物(LPO)含量的影响.结果EBF和灯盏花醇提物60 mg·kg-1灌胃能明显降低动物的卒中指数,减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤引起的脑水肿和脑缺血所致EEG改变,促进再灌注后EEG电位幅度的恢复,减轻大脑皮层组织钙钠累积及降低脑组织LPO含量.结论EBF和灯盏花醇提物对脑缺血再灌注损伤均具有保护作用,且灯盏花醇提物作用强于EBF.     

粘附分子与脑缺血后炎症

粘附分子主要包括选择素 ,免疫球蛋白超级家族及整合素 ,它们之间的相互作用有利于白细胞的粘附和迁移。脑缺血后 ,缺血区产生的具有强大致炎作用的细胞因子可诱导脑缺血区多种粘附分子的表达 ,并进一步促进白细胞的浸润 ,产生炎症反应 ,这是脑组织在缺血后发生迟发性损伤的重要原因。因此研究粘附分子在脑缺血中的表达及作用 ,对脑缺血的治疗具有重要意义。     

大鼠肢端缺血预处理对脑缺血后炎症反应的影响

目的通过观察肢端缺血预处理（1imbisehemicpreconditioning,LIP）对大鼠脑缺血性损伤后重要炎症因子表达的影响,探讨LIP诱导的脑缺血耐受与炎症反应之间的关系。方法选取72只SD大鼠,实验组（LIP组）30只、缺血组30只和对照组12只。实验组和缺血组设立5个时间点：6h、12h、24h、48h和72h,每点6只。通过线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞（middlecerebralarteryocclusion,MCAO）的局灶性脑缺血模型及LIP法建立脑缺血耐受模型,采用HE观察每组大鼠的脑组织形态学改变、QRT—PCR和ELISA方法检测脑组织中炎症因子IL-17及IL-6的表达变化。结果实验组脑组织学病理改变明显轻于缺血组。与缺血组相比：实验组的IL-17和IL-6的基因和蛋白表达在整体水平均呈下降趋势;mRNA水平提示实验组在缺血12h、24h和48h后脑组织中IL-17、IL-6的表达量显著减少（P〈0．01）;蛋白水平提示实验组在缺血24h和48h后脑组织中的IL-6以及在缺血12h、24h和48h后脑组织中IL-17的表达量均降低（P〈0．05）。结论LIP诱导脑缺血耐受,可以减轻脑缺血后的炎症反应,对缺血性脑损伤有一定的保护作用。     

The phenolic compounds from Dracocephalum moldavica L.

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Tetracycline Inhibits Local Inflammation Induced by Cerebral Ischemia via Modulating Autophagy

Background

Tetracycline exerts neuroprotection via suppressing the local inflammation induced by cerebral ischemia. However, the underlying mechanism is not completely clear.

Methodology/Principal Findings

The mRNA and protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 and the number of activated microglia were measured to detect the inflammatory process in the ischemic hemisphere. The key proteins of nuclear factor kappa B pathway and the binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B were also measured. Two key components of autophagy, Beclin 1 and LC3, were detected by western blotting. Pretreatment with tetracycline inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 and decreased the numbers of activated and phagocytotic microglia. Tetracycline down regulated the total and phosphorylated expressions of IKK, IκB and p65 (P<0.05). The autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, inhibited inflammation and activation of nuclear factor kappa B pathway. The levels of Beclin 1 and LC3 were decreased by 3-methyladenine and tetracycline.

Conclusions/Significance

Our data suggested that pretreatment of tetracycline may inhibit autophagy in the ischemic stroke brain and then suppress the inflammatory process via inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor kappa B pathway.     

Dexmedetomidine Protects against Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Diabetic Rats

Background

Transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a major perioperative complication, and diabetes increases the response of oxidative stress and inflammation induced by I/R. The objective of this study was to determine the protective effect of dexmedetomidine against transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic rats.

Methods

Sixty-four rats were assigned into four experimental groups: normoglycemia, normoglycemia + dexmedetomidine, hyperglycemia, and hyperglycemia + dexmedetomidine and all subsequent neurological examinations were evaluated by a blinded observer. Damage to the brain was histologically assessed using the TUNEL staining method while western blotting was used to investigate changes in the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins as well as the microglia marker, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1). Water content in the brain was also analyzed. In addition, hippocampal concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Nox2 (a member of the Nox family of NADPH oxidases), and the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase were analyzed. Finally, changes in serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 were detected.

Results

Results showed that diabetes increased brain water content, the number of apoptotic neurons, early neurological deficit scores, oxidative stress (MDA and Nox2) and inflammation (pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-6) levels following transient global I/R injury, but that these symptoms were attenuated following administration of dexmedetomidine.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that dexmedetomidine can significantly alleviate damage resulting from I/R, and this mechanism may be related to a reduction in both oxidative stress and inflammation which is normally associated with I/R.     

GW0742对全脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑损伤的作用观察

目的 初步观察PPARβ激动剂对大鼠全脑缺血/再灌注损伤的影响.方法 采用双侧颈总动脉夹闭合并低血压的方法建立大鼠全脑缺血/再灌注模型.GW0742(22μg、67μg和200 μg)于建模前30 min脑室注射给予,Morris水迷宫测定大鼠空间学习记忆能力,HE染色观察海马神经元形态变化,生化法检测大鼠海马SOD活性和MDA含量变化.结果 全脑缺血/再灌注大鼠空间学习记忆能力明显下降、海马神经元核固缩,海马SOD活性降低、MDA含量增加;GW0742给予能明显改善全脑缺血再灌注对大鼠空间学习记忆能力的损害和海马神经元损伤,并能明显阻遏全脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马的SOD活性降低、MDA含量增加.结论 PPARβ激动剂对全脑缺血/再灌注大鼠脑损伤有明显保护作用,其神经保护作用机制可能与通过PPARβ激动从而抑制氧化应激反应有关.     

Increases of Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase Expressions by Lacosamide Pretreatment Contributes to Neuroprotection Against Experimentally Induced Transient Cerebral Ischemia

Lacosamide is a new antiepileptic drug which is widely used to treat partial-onset seizures. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effect of lacosamide against transient ischemic damage and expressions of antioxidant enzymes such as Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD2), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region following 5 min of transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils. We found that pre-treatment with 25 mg/kg lacosamide protected CA1 pyramidal neurons from transient global cerebral ischemic insult using hematoxylin–eosin staining and neuronal nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry. Transient ischemia dramatically changed expressions of SOD1, SOD2 and GPX, not CAT, in the CA1 pyramidal neurons. Lacosamide pre-treatment increased expressions of CAT and GPX, not SOD1 and 2, in the CA1 pyramidal neurons compared with controls, and their expressions induced by lacosamide pre-treatment were maintained after transient cerebral ischemia. In brief, pre-treatment with lacosamide protected hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons from ischemic damage induced by transient global cerebral ischemia, and the lacosamide-mediated neuroprotection may be closely related to increases of CAT and GPX expressions by lacosamide pre-treatment.     

HZ-841吸附树脂精制银杏叶总黄酮

本文研究了用HZ-841吸附树脂精制银杏叶总黄酮的工艺。用10 BV 70％的乙醇分三次提取脱脂银杏叶粉中的银杏叶总黄酮,其收得率为4．8％,纯度为21．7％;用30BV纯净水、微波解冻提取30min,银杏叶总黄酮的收得率及纯度分别是2．63％和13．4％。HZ-841树脂对银杏叶总黄酮的动态吸附容量在pH=7．0时为0．265g／mL,树脂,动态吸附平衡时间为10min。酸度对HZ-841树脂吸附银杏叶总黄酮有显著影响,当pH=5．0时,其静态吸附量可达到0．322g／mL。吸附了银杏叶总黄酮的HZ-841树脂可用乙醇洗脱,当洗脱液pH=9．0、乙醇浓度为90％、洗脱流速3BV／h时,5BV洗脱液的收得率为1．8％。用无水乙醇洗脱的银杏叶总黄酮经过真空浓缩、干燥,获得的浅黄色粉末中银杏叶总黄酮含量为37．3％,产品收得率为2．41％。     

Reversibility of Nimodipine Binding to Brain in Transient Cerebral Ischemia

Using autoradiography, we have measured the in vivo binding of [3H]nimodipine to brain in a rat model of reversible cerebral ischemia. Ischemia was induced by simultaneous occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and ipsilateral common carotid artery by microaneurysm clips. Rats were studied after 15 min of ischemia (ischemic group) or after 45 min of reperfusion following 15 min of ischemia (reperfused group). Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was determined autoradiographically using [14C]iodoantipyrine in both ischemic (n = 6) and reperfused (n = 6) groups. During ischemia blood flow in the territory of the MCA was depressed and recovered to normal only in the distal territory of the MCA following reperfusion. [3H]Nimodipine binding in the ischemic group (n = 12) was elevated in ischemic brain regions and declined significantly (p < 0.01) in these regions in the reperfused group (n = 11). The ratio of the volume of cortex showing increased binding to the total volume of the forebrain was 0.113 +/- 0.025 (mean +/- SD) in the ischemic group and declined to 0.080 +/- 0.027 following reperfusion (p < 0.005). In general, infarct was only observed in regions showing persistent elevation of nimodipine binding following reperfusion as determined by histology performed in a separate group of rats (n = 8) after 24 h of reperfusion. We conclude that increased nimodipine binding to ischemic tissue is initially reversible with prompt reestablishment of CBF and is a sensitive indicator of early and reversible ischemia-induced cerebral dysfunction.     

Comparison of Trophic Factors Changes in the Hippocampal CA1 Region Between the Young and Adult Gerbil Induced by Transient Cerebral Ischemia

In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5?min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89?%) were damaged 4?days after ischemia?Creperfusion (I?CR) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59?% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7?days after I?CR. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I?CR in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7?days after I?CR, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I?CR, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4?days after transient cerebral ischemia.