一种检测模拟沉积环境下植物叶片DNA降解的方法

采用模拟自然沉积环境的实验装置,以Brassica chinensis叶片作为实验材料,运用定量PCR技术对目标基因片段（28S rDNA片段,630bp)进行特异性扩增。通过统计分析,初步建立起以PCR产物含量变化来反应模拟实验过程中模板DNA含量变化的定量检测方法。另外,我们通过设计对照实验及分离叶片组织内微生物的方法证明所研究的DNA片段是来自于叶片组织内源的DNA片段。此定量检测方法的建立,使我们能够迅速有效地获取模拟自然条件下目标基因片段降解规律方面的信息。     

符合大肠癌早期无创分子诊断要求的粪便DNA样本贮存条件考察

目的:考察在不同温度下储存时间和反复冻融对粪便中人基因组DNA含量的影响。方法:1.将粪便样本在室温、4℃、-40℃和-70℃条件下分别放置不同时间和-40℃条件下保存并反复冻融后,使用QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit试剂盒提取得到粪便DNA,通过实时荧光定量PCR体系对人KRAS基因定量确定人基因组DNA含量,评价粪便样本不同冻存条件对其中人基因组DNA含量的影响。2.将粪便DNA样本在4℃和-40℃条件下分别放置不同时间和-40℃条件下保存并反复冻融后,评价粪便DNA样本不同冻存条件下对其中人基因组DNA含量的影响。结果:1).粪便样本常温放置2小时,其中人基因组DNA即发生明显降解(P0.01),4℃可保存3天左右,-40℃可保存4周,-70℃可保存3个月以上,粪便反复冻融第3次,其中人基因组DNA降解具有统计学意义(P0.05)。2).粪便DNA 4℃可保存3天,-40℃可保存4周,粪便DNA反复冻融第4次,其中人基因组DNA降解具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:符合大肠癌早期无创分子诊断要求的粪便DNA贮存条件:粪便样本室温收集后尽快保存;短期可处理的粪便样本存放在4℃条件下(3天内);暂无法处理则存于-40℃(1个月内);粪便样本长期保存在-70℃条件下,可保存3个月。     

皱边石杉基因组总DNA保存期间的质量检测分析

目的:用CTAB法提取皱边石杉叶片的基因组总DNA,对DNA储存于4℃的TE缓冲溶液与65℃水浴促溶2种实验处理进行为期30d的稳定性对比实验。方法:对比分析保存于4℃的TE缓冲溶液中与65℃进行2～3次水浴促进DNA溶解释放处理的DNA的稳定性及完整性变化。结果:保存于4℃TE缓冲溶液中的DNA样品非常稳定;65℃水浴促进了DNA从包裹的多糖中溶解释放,但2～3次水浴使大片段的DNA降解。结论:DNA保存在TE缓冲溶液中非常稳定;65℃水浴尽管可提高DNA的提取量,但会使DNA发生降解。因此,一般情况下对DNA不要进行水浴促溶。     

温度对亚热带地区常见树种叶片甲烷排放的影响

以亚热带常见树种米槠、木荷、浙江桂、罗浮栲、杉木和柑橘为对象,利用控制试验研究了温度对树木叶片甲烷(CH4)排放的影响.结果表明:当温度在10℃时,供试的6种树木中,仅木荷、柑橘和罗浮栲的叶片排放CH4;温度高于20℃时,所有树木叶片均可排放CH4.温度高于30℃时,叶片排放CH4的平均排放速率(1.010ngCH4·g-1DM·h-1)是10～30℃时平均排放速率(0.255ngCH4·g-1DM·h-1)的3.96倍.增温对柑橘和杉木CH4排放速率的影响显著高于其他4种树木.培养时间对叶片排放CH4速率有显著影响,温度胁迫对树木排放CH4的影响受植物活性的控制.在低温或高温条件下,树木干叶均不能排放CH4.高温胁迫对树木叶片排放CH4有重要影响,全球变暖可能增加植物的CH4排放.     

用于DNA提取的胡杨叶片非低温保存方法研究

为解决在一定时间内DNA提取野外采样的携带与运输问题,本研究就用于DNA提取的胡杨叶片的非低温保存方法进行了探索。研究结果表明,在选用的5种胡杨叶片非低温保存方法中,70%乙醇,加入50mmol/LEDTA的70%乙醇以及TE缓冲液的保存效果欠佳,保存4d时获得的DNA多降解成弥散片段;采用硅胶干燥保存和SDSDNA提取液保存方法处理的胡杨叶片,在保存20d时仍能获得完整性好、纯度高的DNA大片段。AFLP证明硅胶干燥保存和SDSDNA提取液保存的叶片可取得与新鲜叶片提取DNA相一致的实验效果,该两种方法可作为胡杨野外采样选用的保存方法。     

两种外周血 DNA 提取方法的比较

目的:外周血DNA的提取是研究乙型肝炎病毒相关临床疾病的基础,所提取DNA的质与量直接关乎下游研究的成败,经济、高效、便捷的外周血DNA提取方法对于疾病分子水平的研究尤为重要,本实验旨在比较两种外周血DNA提取方法,从而为临床研究提供有力的参考。方法:以外周抗凝血为试验样本,分别采用改良盐析法和DNA提取试剂盒法(硅胶柱纯化)进行基因组DNA的提取,通过分光光度仪测量DNA浓度和纯度,并进行PCR扩增及电泳实验。比较改良盐析法与试剂盒提取法(硅胶柱纯化)的效果。结果:试剂盒提取法(硅胶柱纯化)标本用量甚微,省时,提取DNA纯度高,步骤繁琐,PCR条带单一、亮度差;改良盐析法操作步骤少,提取DNA浓度高,PCR条带亮度佳、杂带多,耗时长。结论:两组方法各有优缺点,试剂盒提取法(硅胶柱纯化)可靠、快速,但所获DNA量少、极易降解,改良盐析法耗时,但所获DNA浓度高、量多,可根据实验时间与经费,实验所需的DNA纯度与浓度,提供的样本体积等不同的临床研究需求及条件来综合选择适宜的提取方法。     

猕猴桃模板DNA的提取及RAPD-PCR最佳反应体系的建立

以改良CTAB法从猕猴桃叶片中制备模板DNA ,优化了PCR热循环参数 ,建立了RAPD PCR扩增的最佳反应体系。实验结果表明 ,CTAB提取液中EDTA组分的浓度对模板提取影响很大 ,其最适浓度为 80mmol/L ;用异丙醇沉淀后不经乙醇洗涤纯化的DNA不会影响扩增效果。PCR热循环参数为 :94℃预变性 5min ;94℃变性 1min ,37℃退火 1min ,72℃延伸 2min ,循环 4 0次 ;最后在 72℃延伸 6min。     

诱导温度调控华根霉(Rhizopus chinensis)前导肽脂肪酶的表达及稳定性研究

比较了7 L发酵罐中不同诱导温度对华根霉前导肽脂肪酶在巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)中表达水平和稳定性的影响。通过实验表明在28℃条件下,最大酶活可以达到1412.5 U/mL,是30℃条件下的2.3倍,25℃条件下的1.3倍;而其产率可以达到12811 U/L·h~(-1),比产率达到82.6 U/g_(DCW)·h~(-1)。同时,在实验过程中发现诱导温度对目的蛋白的降解和聚合有重要的影响。通过对蛋白酶活性的测定和还原SDS-PAGE证实随着诱导温度的提高,蛋白酶活性急剧上升,从而导致由前导肽(37 kD)降解为成熟肽(30 kD)的降解作用的加剧。此现象在30℃条件下最为明显,在诱导84 h时前导肽已经全部降解为成熟肽。另外,通过非还原SDS-PAGE和分析表明随着诱导温度的提高也导致了二聚体的含量也逐渐增加。     

小粉虫各发育期的临界热极值和失水的研究

本文研究了升高环境温度对小粉虫(Alphitobiusdiaperinus,鞘翅目拟步行虫总科)末龄幼虫、蛹以及成虫的失水和热敏性(临界热极值,Criticalthermalmaximum,CTmax)的影响。小粉虫成虫和蛹的CTmax值显著低于末龄幼虫(末龄幼虫:CTmax=48.5±0.5℃;蛹:CTmax=48.0±0.9℃;成虫:CTmax=47.8±1.1℃)。此外,成虫的适应性对其CTmax没有显著的影响。在20至60℃连续记录失水值中,三个龄期之间存在显著差异。随着超过临界点温度(约为40℃)的快速升高,末龄幼虫与成虫的失水程度相近。蛹具有明显低的失水速率,即使在温度高于40℃的情况下。当温度升高10℃时(25-35℃),会造成小粉虫蛹和成虫失水增加2.0倍和2.6倍,分别为:Q10=2.05±0.70和2.49±1.31,而幼虫则为3.52±1.27。当高于35-45℃时,幼虫和成虫失水增加甚快(Q10=6.85±1.90和8.51±2.32)。而蛹在高于35-45℃时失水也增加(Q10=3.76±1.83),但低于幼虫和成虫。小粉虫的蛹处于静止和不取食状态,代谢速率较低,其具有特殊结构的气孔能较好地保持关闭状态,且蛹的表皮由脂肪和蛋白质组成,以上诸因素可解释其失水减少的原因     

利用Taq DNA聚合酶直接从双链RNA模板中扩增靶序列

利用Taq DNA聚合酶既具有DNA聚合酶活性义具有反转录酶活性的特点,探索了在Taq DNA聚合酶单独作用下以双链RNA为模板进行PCR反应的条件。结果表明靶序列长度为277 bp、369 bp、987 bp时,均可直接进行PCR扩增;短片段序列扩增的退火温度在47．0℃、47．9℃、50．2℃、52．6℃、54．9℃、56．7℃条件下,均可有效扩增,而长片段序列扩增的退火温度在50．2℃、52．6℃、54．9℃、56．7℃条件下,也可扩增出相应的靶序列。这一结果提示利用Taq DNA聚合酶可以dsRNA为模板直接扩增目的片段,尤其是短片段的扩增。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.