我国三种半乳甘露聚糖胶粉比较研究

本文阐述了瓜尔豆胶、胡芦巴胶、田菁胶的胶粉形态及其１％基液粘度、冷水不溶物的情况,讨论了它们之间的差异,为不同胶粉的粉未鉴定提供了一些基础资料。并指出胡芦巴胶粉冷水不溶物低,对其化学改性十分有利。     

我国半乳甘露聚糖胶资源利用前景初探

半乳甘露聚糖植物胶加工是我国70年代中期兴起的新兴产业。本文从我国植物资源发展的角度。重点论证了瓜尔豆（Cyanopsis tetragonoloba（L.）Taubert.）、田菁（Sesbania cannabina(Retz.)Pers.)、胡芦巴（Trigonella foenum-graecum L.）的生产情况,认为胡芦巴适应性强、产量高、易于机械化大面积种植与轮作,并具有改良土壤以及经济效益好等优势。因此,发展半乳甘露聚糖胶资源,大量种植胡芦巴是最好的选择。     

半乳甘露聚糖型植物胶的研究进展

本文综述了国内外半乳甘露聚糖型植物胶的研究进展,包括半乳甘露聚糖胶的资源分布、生物学特性、理化性质、结构鉴定、分离提取、产品改性、应用及前景展望等。     

烘炒法分离提取半乳甘露聚糖型种子胶

种子多糖胶分离提取工艺试验表明,根据种子胚乳坚硬的物理性能,用机械分离方法分离种子胚乳,其多糖胶抽提率大于80％。烘炒法适用于种皮厚而硬一类种子胚乳的分离,正交试验表明烘炒温度对种子多糖胶抽提率和粘度指标影响最大;皂荚胚乳的最优化分离条件是种子在80℃下预热60min,然后在160℃烘炒机中烘炒4min,再进入开片、选片和筛选工序;野皂荚胚乳的分离条件是种子80℃时预热30min,130℃下烘炒3min。     

半乳甘露聚糖胶物理改性设备的研制

半乳甘露聚糖胶物理改性设备的研制程卫民徐嘉生（南京野生植物综合利用研究设计所,２１００４２）１概述半乳甘露聚糖胶在工业上具有广泛的用途,可作为流体流损抑制剂和絮凝剂用于石油工业,作为填充剂用于造纸工业以及作为增稠剂和稳定剂用于纺织、食品、化妆品及制药...     

半乳甘露聚糖胶物理增粘技术的研究

本文对瓜尔胶、胡芦巴胶、皂荚胶、野皂荚胶、田菁胶的水合增粘工艺进行了研究,并比较了螺杆盘磨式和轧辊刨片式两种增粘机。与原胶相比,增粘胶1％胶液粘度提高了50％,水不溶物含量降低了15％。     

半乳甘露聚糖胶酶法改性研究进展

由于半乳甘露聚糖的水溶液在低浓度下仍具高黏性以及它的凝胶性质,因此在工业上具有很多重要的应用。半乳甘露聚糖聚糖的酶法改性主要包括脱去支链和切断主链两种方式。相对于化学改性来说,酶法改性具有易控制、反应条件温和等很多优点,因此成为改变半乳甘露聚糖分子结构以获得所需特性的最具潜力的改性方法。α－半乳糖苷酶和 β－甘露聚糖酶是半乳甘露聚糖改性和水解中最常用的酶。简要介绍了有关这两种酶的来源和新型制备菌株的近期研究概况。在医药和食品等工业中,酶法改性后的半乳甘露聚糖具有很广阔的应用前景。     

皂荚半乳甘露聚糖胶分级醇沉及表征

使用不同浓度乙醇和异丙醇分别对皂荚半乳甘露聚糖胶水溶液进行分级沉降,沉淀物用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)等进行表征.结果表明,异丙醇可在较小浓度下更快沉降皂荚多糖胶,当异丙醇溶液浓度为28.6％ (V/V)时,沉淀物中半乳甘露聚糖浓度达到12.50％(w/w);随着醇浓度上升,沉降组分半乳甘露聚糖得率呈增加趋势,且在后期增加幅度最大,多糖最高得率可达80％,纯化后皂荚多糖胶(GSG)表现出较高的甘露糖/半乳糖(M/G)之比值,在异丙醇沉降中表现更加明显(低浓度的异丙醇达到最高的M/G =4.1);低浓度醇沉主要得到大分子组分,随乙醇浓度增加组分分子量明显降低,多糖胶更加均匀,而在异丙醇沉降后期均一性有所下降.     

槐种子发育中胚乳细胞半乳甘露聚糖积累的研究

槐 ( Sophora japonica L.)开花约 60 d至种子成熟 ,为胚乳半乳甘露聚糖积累期。用组织化学方法 ,对储藏于胚乳细胞壁上的半乳甘露聚糖的形成积累进行了观察 ,结果表明 ,半乳甘露聚糖最先在邻近胚的胚乳细胞的粗面内质网的囊泡腔内形成 ,并通过细胞质膜分泌至细胞壁周围。此后 ,半乳甘露聚糖的积累逐渐向种皮方向扩展 ,及至种子成熟时 ,除糊粉层外 ,所有胚乳细胞几乎全由多糖所填充。此外 ,对半乳甘露聚糖发生部位及其积累过程的消长变化进行了讨论     

Extraction,Purification and Electrical Characterization of Gross Galactomannan and Purified Galactomannan Obtained from Adenanthera pavonina L. Seeds

Aiming of self-sustainable production, the search for biodegradable and biocompatible materials has brought with it the need to know the physicochemical and dielectric characteristics of polysaccharide-based composite structures, which can be used as important and promising raw materials for biotechnology and electronic industries. Galactomannans are polysaccharides, extracted from seeds and microbiological sources, consisting of mannose and galactose. In this context, this work aimed to extract, purify and characterize by XRD, FTIR and impedance spectroscopy galactomannan obtained from seeds of Adenanthera pavonina L. The purification process was made with ethyl alcohol at concentrations of 70, 80 and 90 %. Polymeric films were prepared by solvent slow evaporation at low temperatures. XRD measurements revealed that Galactomannan from Adenanthera pavonina L., after purification, has a semi-crystalline structure due to the identification of two peaks the first between 5.849° and 6.118° and the second between 20.011° and 20.247°. FTIR spectra showed the functional groups associated with monosaccharides of the galactomannan from Adenanthera pavonina L. seeds, as well as the typical polysaccharide bands and peaks, confirmed by literature data. The impedance results give an increment on the state-of-the-art of this biomaterial by showing the existence of dielectric relaxations, independent of the degree of purification, using the dielectric modulus formalism. The permittivity analysis reveals the presence of water in the structure of the film, whose dipoles contribute to the relatively high value of the dielectric constant. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that purified galactomannan has the potential for possible applications in the electronics industry as a green and eco-friendly dielectric material.     

半乳甘露寡糖的膜法精制工艺研究

对半乳甘露寡糖的水解液进行超滤(截留相对分子质量3000Da)和纳滤(截留相对分子质量300Da)处理,获得的精制滤液中,GMOS平均聚合度为2.13.HPLC分析表明,GMOS中的单糖组分占13.6%,二糖组分占52.0%,三糖以上的组分占34.4%.试验表明,联合应用超滤和纳滤,能够较好地对GMOS进行精制、脱盐和浓缩,是一种高效、经济的GMOS精制过程.     

Fractional Isolation and Study of the Structure of Galactomannan from Sophora (Styphnolobium japonicum) Seeds

Two fractions (1 and 2) of the galactomannan from seeds of sophora (Styphnolobium japonicum) were isolated using cold and hot aqueous extraction with a total yield of 12.88%. The two fractions differed by the ratio between mannose (Man) and galactose (Gal) residues (4.8 : 1 and 5.3 : 1, respectively) and molecular weight (1190 and 1400 kDa, respectively). Aqueous solutions of these fractions were optically active ([]_D = +4.80° and –3.36°, respectively) and highly viscous ([] 1028.8 and 1211.2 ml/g). ¹³C NMR spectra of both fractions were identical with respect to the number and positions of signals, which indicates that their primary structures were identical. Using chemical and spectroscopic (IR and NMR) methods, it was shown that the galactomannan has a main chain consisting of 1,4--D-mannopyranose, some residues of which (16 and 17% in fractions 1 and 2, respectively) are -galactosylated at the C-6 position. Frequencies of differently substituted mannobiose blocks in the chain, calculated for fraction 1 using NMR spectroscopic data, were 0.13 for the disubstitited blocks Gal(Man–Man)Gal, 0.37 for the sum of monosubstituted blocks Gal(Man–Man) and (Man–Man)Gal, and 0.50 for the unsubstituted block Man–Man.     

Investigation of the Gelation of Galactomannan Isolated from the Seeds of Styphnolobium japonicum (Fabaceae)

Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry - This article is devoted to the study of the structuring process of galactomannan isolated from Japanese Sophora seeds with borate ions. Based on...     

塔拉豆及其化学成分的研究

本文分析测定了云南元江产塔拉种子的物理组成和塔拉胶的总糖、聚糖、粗纤维、粗蛋白等化学成分,对塔拉胶性能也做了测定,并对塔拉多糖的化学结构进行了初步鉴定,为塔拉种子的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

梁河脂松节油、脂松香的物理和化学特征

研究梁河脂松节油的相对密度、折光率、初馏点、馏程体积、旋光度和化学组成以及脂松香的软化点、酸值、不皂化物含量、乙醇不溶物、灰分、旋光度和化学组成等物理和化学特征。结果表明:梁河的脂松节油在化学组成上因含有大量3-蒈烯导致其蒎烯含量低于GB/T 12901-2006,其物理指标中的折光率偏高。梁河的脂松香因化学组成中含有大量中性物,致其物理指标中酸值偏低,不皂化物含量偏高,超出GB/T 8145-2003。鉴于3-蒈烯这一特殊资源,有必要制定高3-蒈烯脂松节油标准。     

超临界CO2萃取葡萄籽油的化学成分

葡萄籽油的化学成分,前人曾研究过山葡萄（ Ｖｉｔｉｓ　ａｍｕｒｅｎｓｉｓ Ｒｕｐｒ）种子中的油脂,含有棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸（中国油脂编写委员会,１９８７）。葡萄（Ｖｉｔｉｓ　ｖｉｎｉｆｅｒａ　Ｌ．）种子油除含上述成分外还含亚麻酸和微量月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸（Ｂｏｍｂａｒｄｅｌｌｅ,１９９５）。但对挥发油,特别是酿酒后的葡萄籽油的成分尚未报道。作者利用超临界ＣＯ２革取装置提取该葡萄籽油,对挥发性成分和脂肪酸进行了研究,现报道如下。ｌ材料与方法 样品由云南红酒业有限公司提供酿酒后的葡萄籽。 超临界 Ｃ…