Recombinant males in the parasitic waspMuscidifurax raptorellus [Hymenoptera: pteromalidae]

The identification of recombinant males inMuscidifurax raptorellus Kogan & Legner, secured from virgin hybrid ♀♀ formed by crossing cohorts from solitary and gregarious, populations, supports chromosomal inheritance of gregarious oviposition behavior. Examination of parasitization behavior in female progeny that had recombinant male fathers, indicated the, existence of recombinant ♂♂. Such ♂♂ also were able to elicit immediate phenotypic changes in their female mating partners, at intensities expected from their genetic character, as previously observed with original parental ♂♂ in this species. Progeny originating from F₁ mothers and recombinant fathers demonstrated the highest levels of heterosis, as measured by increased parasitization rates and numbers of eggs laid. Although extranuclear inheritance has not been eliminated, its influence on phenotypic changes in progeny seems minimal.      

辽西义县组长节锯蜂科(昆虫纲,膜翅目)昆虫化石

描述产自辽宁西部北票上园地区和凌源大王杖子义县组长节锯蜂科（Ｘｙｅｌｉｄａｅ）巨长节锯蜂亚科（Ｍａｃｒｏｘｙｅｌｉｎａｅ）昆虫化石１２种,归于４族８属,其中６新属１２新种,包括Ａｎｇａｒｉｄｙｅｌａ ｒｏｂｕｓｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ａｎｇａｒｉｄｙｅｌａ ｅｘｃｕｌｐｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ａｎｇａｒｉｄｙｅｌａ ｓｕｓｐｅｃｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ａｎｇａｒｉｄｙｅｌａ ｅｎｄｅｍｉｃａ ｓｐ．ｎｏ     

辽西义县组长节锯蜂科(昆虫纲,膜翅目)昆虫化石

描述产自辽宁西部北票上园地区和凌源大王杖子义县组长节锯蜂科（Ｘｙｅｌｉｄａｅ）巨长节锯蜂亚科（Ｍａｃｒｏｘｙｅｌｉｎａｅ）昆虫化石１２种,归于４族８属,其中６新属１２新种,包括Ａｎｇａｒｉｄｙｅｌａ ｒｏｂｕｓｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ａｎｇａｒｉｄｙｅｌａ ｅｘｃｕｌｐｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ａｎｇａｒｉｄｙｅｌａ ｓｕｓｐｅｃｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ａｎｇａｒｉｄｙｅｌａ ｅｎｄｅｍｉｃａ ｓｐ．ｎｏ     

北票尖山沟义县组下部两种膜翅目昆虫化石

描述了产自辽这西部北票上园地区尖山沟上侏罗统义县组上部膜翅目昆虫化石１新属２新种。新属新种Ｐｒｏｃｒｅｔｕａｎｉａ Ｐｒｉｓｔｉｎａ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．归人白垩旗腹姬蜂科（Ｃｒｅｔｅｖａｎｉｉｄａｅ）,新种Ｇｕｒｖａｎｏｔｒｕｐｅｓ ｌｉａｏｎｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。归入细蜂科（Ｓｅｒｐｈｉｄａｅ）．这是Ｃｒｅｔｅｖａｎｉｉｄａｅ科和Ｇｕｒｖａｎｏｔｒｕｐｅｓ属在我国的首次发现     

“Lycostrobus” chinleana,an equisetalean cone from the Upper Triassic of the southwestern United States and its phylogenetic implications

Detailed study of the cone Lycostrobus chinleana Daugherty shows that the fossil was incorrectly attributed to the Lycopodiales by the author and to the quillworts by Retallack and that it actually should be assigned to the Equisetales. The cone, which occurs in the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation at several localities in the southwestern United States, is ∼2.5 cm wide and nearly 6 cm long and consists of a stout axis bearing whorls of peltate sporangiophores. Each sporangiophore is composed of a slender stalk and a hexagonal disk, which typically bears a single, generally long, lanceolate, forward-directed leaf-like umbo tip on the outer surface and several recurrent sporangia on the inner surface. Small round to oval trilete spores occur in the sporangia. Since the leaf-like umbo tip is similar to the sterile leaves found in certain calamite cones and the recurrent sporangia are equisetalean-like, it appears that the cone may represent a intermediate stage between Calamites and modern Equisetum. According to this hypothesis, the nonbracteate Equisetum cone could have developed from a bracteate calamite cone, through reduction and fusion of the bracts and the sporangiophores, rather than by the loss of whorls of bracts of the Calamites cone as suggested earlier by others. As a result of this study the cone is assigned to the new Equisetalean genus Equicalastrobus and redescribed under the name E. chinleana (Daugherty) Grauvogel-Stamm and Ash, n. comb.     

美国国家植物基因组计划资助情况分析

美国植物基因组计划（National Plant Genome Initiative,NPGI）于1998年正式启动,该计划在美国国家科学基金会（NSF）的支持下,成立了由美国农业部（USDA）、能源部（DOE）、国立卫生研究院（NIH）、国家科学基金会（NSF）、科学与技术政策办公室（OSTP）、管理与预算办公室（OMB）和美国国际开发署（USAID）等组成的植物基因组跨机构工作组（Interagency Working Group on Plant Genomes,IWG）,IWG每5年制定一项5年计划来指导协调基因组研究工作。对1998～2009年期间,美国国家科学基金会（NSF）资助国家植物基因组计划（NPGI）的目标、经费、项目变化情况进行了分析,以期得到某些启示和借鉴。     

河南淅川始新世核桃园组獏化石

这里记述了河南淅川核桃园组中五种獏化石:Breviodon minutus,Schlosseria hetaoyuanensissp.nov.,Deperetella sichuanensis,Teleolophus danjiangensis sp.nov.,Pachylophus xui gen.etsp.nov.,并认为其时代大体相当于伊尔丁曼哈阶。文中也对脊齿獏亚科的分化和Teleolophus与Deperetella两属系统关系作了一些探讨。     

Manganese and zinc in the ovipositors and mandibles of hymenopterous insects

X-ray microanalysis of the ovipositor and mandibles of various hymenopterous insects has revealed the presence in many species of up to 10% wt/wt of either zinc or manganese in the cuticle. These metals appear to be involved in cuticular hardening, so helping to reduce abrasive wear. Zinc is found in the ovipositors of most Siricidae, Stephanoidea, and Chalcidoidea. In Ichneumonoidea and Cynipoidea, the metal involved is manganese. Megalyroidea are unique in the Hymenoptera in having both zinc and manganese in their ovipositors, though in different locations. Except for Bethylidae, no metals were detected in the ovipositors or stings of species that penetrate soft substrates or do not make holes at all. The cutting edge of the mandibles of many insects that chew their way through hard substrates during egress from their pupation sites almost invariably contain high concentrations of zinc, and this is present in many that lack metals in their ovipositor. The phylogenetic and ecological implications of metal occurrence are discussed.     

Taxonomy, biostratigraphy and paleoecology of Cenomanian and Turonian ostracodes from the Western Interior Basin, Southwest Utah, USA

Cenomanian-Turonian ostracodes are reported from the western Colorado Plateau (Western Interior Basin) in the United States. Fifteen genera and twenty species are illustrated, six of which are new: Cytheromorphaperornata nov. sp., Looneyellaleckiei nov. sp., Asciocythereposterangulata nov. sp., Asciocytherearizonensis nov. sp., Cytheropteronclavifragilis nov. sp. and Hourcqiadakotaensis nov. sp. Three ostracode interval zones are proposed that broadly correspond to the existing late Cenomanian through to Middle Turonian Ammonite-zones of Kauffman et al. (1993). Paleoenvironments range from estuarine to coastal plain.     

The Position of the United States on the Northwest Passage: Is the Fear of Creating a Precedent Warranted?

For decades, Ottawa and Washington have been agreeing to disagree on the question of the legal status of the Northwest Passage. One argument which has been consistently raised on the U.S. side and which has precluded attempts to end the deadlock has been the fear of creating a negative precedent. This article assesses whether U.S. concerns are warranted: could coastal States elsewhere in the world rely on an eventual recognition of Canadian sovereignty over the Northwest Passage to bolster their claims over a local strait?     

Cytopathology training in the United States – a personal view

In this review we present an outline of cytopathology training in the United States, for a non-US readership.     

US Fish and Wildlife Service 1979 wetland classification: A review

In 1979 the US Fish and Wildlife Service published and adopted a classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States. The system was designed for use in a national inventory of wetlands. It was intended to be ecologically based, to furnish the mapping units needed for the inventory, and to provide national consistency in terminology and definition. We review the performance of the classification after 13 years of use. The definition of wetland is based on national lists of hydric soils and plants that occur in wetlands. Our experience suggests that wetland classifications must facilitate mapping and inventory because these data gathering functions are essential to management and preservation of the wetland resource, but the definitions and taxa must have ecological basis. The most serious problem faced in construction of the classification was lack of data for many of the diverse wetland types. Review of the performance of the classification suggests that, for the most part, it was successful in accomplishing its objectives, but that problem areas should be corrected and modification could strengthen its utility. The classification, at least in concept, could be applied outside the United States. Experience gained in use of the classification can furnish guidance as to pitfalls to be avoided in the wetland classification process.The US Government's right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty free licence in and to any copyright is acknowledged.     

‘The Mind of Christ’: Financial Success,Born-again Personhood,and the Anthropology of Christianity

In this article, I contribute to the emerging project of the anthropology of Christianity by exploring the subject of born-again personhood. As a nascent field of inquiry, the anthropology of Christianity must delimit what theoretical opportunities exist for comparative research. I argue that a focus on personhood offers a promising series of questions toward this end. To illustrate this claim, I use the case study of one Evangelical Sunday school teacher – Rick Betcher – and his life as a ‘Christian businessman.’ Anthropologists and other scholars have shown great interest in how matters of money figure in the culture of Protestantism. Using Rick's self-designed Sunday school class, The Mind of Christ, I argue that conceptions of personal financial success among born-again Christians are structured by the prevailing model of born-again personhood – the New Mind.     

International Law and Politics in U.S. Policymaking: The United States and the Svalbard Dispute

This article explains the position(s) of the United States in the maritime dispute adjacent to Svalbard. While the United States has regarded Norway's exclusive claim to the natural resources outside Svalbard as everything from “wishful thinking” to legally plausible, Washington maintains that it may have rights under the 1920 Svalbard Treaty to exploit the maritime zones adjacent to the archipelago. The U.S. reservation is the result of assessments and reassessments of legal considerations as well as national interests.