Loss of Rb Cooperates with Ras to Drive Oncogenic Growth in Mammalian Cells

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Highlights? Oncogenic Ras drives weak growth through the PI3K canonical growth pathway ? A novel E2F-independent role for the Rb family in cell biogenesis ? Ras and loss of Rb synergize to give robust and sustained cell growth ? PI3K pathway is crucial for sustained growth, acting to maintain nutrient uptake     

Plant based phosphorus recovery from wastewater via algae and macrophytes

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Highlights? Algal ponds and macrophyte wetlands in widespread use for wastewater treatment. ? Harvested algae/macrophytes require <1/10 of the area compared to terrestrial crops for phosphorus uptake. ? Luxury uptake could be used to increase the phosphorus content of the biomass. ? Multiple opportunities exist (e.g. offshore cultivation) but are still in their infancy. ? Phosphorus recovery via plants has potential to become an important future solution.     

Animal production for efficient phosphate utilization: from optimized feed to high efficiency livestock

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Highlights? Group feeding animals according to their physiological state will reduce P consumption. ? Reducing P in feed and precision feeding of P will increase efficiency of P utilization by livestock. ? Addition of phytase enzyme will increase P availability especially in swine and poultry. ? Transgenic plants and animals offer a way for efficient phosphate uptake. ? Nutritional genomics is expected to improve efficiency of P utilization in livestock.     

Mice with AS160/TBC1D4-Thr649Ala knockin mutation are glucose intolerant with reduced insulin sensitivity and altered GLUT4 trafficking

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Highlights? AS160 Thr649→Ala knockin mice are made to study roles of AS160/14-3-3 interaction ? The knockin mice display impaired glucose tolerance and reduced insulin sensitivity ? Deregulated GLUT4 trafficking and glucose uptake in muscles underlie this phenotype ? These findings shed new light on understanding of the pathology of type II diabetes     

Evidence for Geomagnetic Imprinting as a Homing Mechanism in Pacific Salmon

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Highlights? Sockeye salmon use geomagnetic imprinting as a homing mechanism ? The homing route of salmon is predicted by magnetic field drift (secular variation)     

SIP1 Mediates Cell-Fate Decisions between Neuroectoderm and Mesendoderm in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Highlights? Smad-interacting protein 1 (SIP1) regulates hESC differentiation ? SIP1 upregulation promotes neuroectodermal differentiation ? SIP1 inhibits mesendodermal and endodermal differentiation ? SMAD2/3 and NANOG/OCT4/SOX2 cooperatively regulate SIP1 expression     

Keeping cell identity in Arabidopsis requires PRC1 RING-finger homologs that catalyze H2A monoubiquitination

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Highlights? AtBMI1A/B proteins prevent misexpression of embryonic traits in somatic cells ? PRC2 and AtBMI1A/B proteins maintain cells in their differentiated state ? AtBMI1A/B proteins mediate H2A monoubiquitination     

Impaired insulin/IGF1 signaling extends life span by promoting mitochondrial L-proline catabolism to induce a transient ROS signal

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Highlights? Acute impairment of daf-2 (insulin/IGF1) signaling causes a transient ROS signal ? Different antioxidants reduce daf-2-mediated life span extension by up to 60% ? Reduced daf-2 signaling impairs glucose uptake and promotes proline metabolism ? Nutritional supplementation with the amino acid L-proline extends life span     

Multiple Epigenetic Modifiers Induce Aggressive Viral Extinction in Extraembryonic Endoderm Stem Cells

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Highlights? Mouse ESCs, TSCs, and XEN cells have different capacities to suppress retroviral activity ? RNAi screens identified epigenetic factors that mediate silencing of retroviruses ? Candidates modulate integrated, as well as endogenous, retroviral element silencing ? An Argonaute protein binds integrated provirus and may mediate retroviral extinction     

Chromosome Engineering Allows the Efficient Isolation of Vertebrate Neocentromeres

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Highlights? Chromosome engineering efficiently generates neocentromeres in chicken DT40 cells ? CENP-A reproducibly occupies an ～40 kb genomic region at each neocentromere ? Nonkinetochore CENP-A appears to function as a seed for neocentromere assembly     

Perivascular Nitric Oxide Activates Notch Signaling and Promotes Stem-like Character in PDGF-Induced Glioma Cells

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Highlights? Perivascular niche nitric oxide activates Notch in PDGF-induced gliomas ? Notch signaling drives tumor stem-like characteristics and reduces survival ? Loss of eNOS activity decreases tumor stem-like characteristics ? Suppressing eNOS activity prolongs survival in glioma-bearing mice     

Comprehensive Analysis of Silencing Mutants Reveals Complex Regulation of the Arabidopsis Methylome

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Highlights? Genome-wide single-nucleotide resolution methylation maps in 86 silencing mutants ? Complex interplays between different DNA methylation pathways ? Identification of novel regulators of DNA methylation     

Protein model discrimination using mutational sensitivity derived from deep sequencing

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Highlights? Individual mutant phenotypes in a saturation library derived via deep sequencing ? Residue depth and active-site residue derivation from mutant phenotypes ? Mutant-phenotype-derived parameters used for protein model discrimination ? Derivation of sequence-structure-function relationships without protein isolation     

Anions Mediate Ligand Binding in Adineta vaga Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels

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Highlights? The AvGluR1 LBD is a hybrid structure with iGluR prokaryotic and eukaryotic features ? AvGluR1 binds hydrophobic amino acids as well as glutamate ? Chloride ions acts as surrogate ligand atoms in the Ala, Ser, and Met complexes ? The AvGluR1 LBD assembles as a dimer but with very low affinity     

Sculpting of DNA at Abasic Sites by DNA Glycosylase Homolog Mag2

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Highlights? Unflipped AP site stabilized by helix-hairpin-helix DNA glycosylase homolog Mag2 ? Nonenzymatic AP site recognition and DNA sculpting ? Sculpting of DNA conformation enhances substrate transfer between proteins     

An OsCEBiP/OsCERK1-OsRacGEF1-OsRac1 Module Is an Essential Early Component of Chitin-Induced Rice Immunity

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Highlights? Chitin induces rapid activation of the rice small GTPase OsRac1 at the plasma membrane ? OsRacGEF1 interacts with and acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for OsRac1 ? In response to chitin, OsRacGEF1 is activated via phosphorylation by OsCERK1 ? OsRacGEF1 is required for chitin-driven immunity and resistance to rice blast fungus     

Spatial Restriction of FGF Signaling by a Matrix Metalloprotease Controls Branching Morphogenesis

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Highlights? Drosophila Matrix Metalloprotease (Mmp) inhibits FGF signaling ? An FGF – MMP feedback loop regulates branching morphogenesis ? Mmp2 spatially regulates FGF signaling in epithelia     

Solution Conformations of Prototype Foamy Virus Integrase and Its Stable Synaptic Complex with U5 Viral DNA

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Highlights? Missing domains in PFV intasome revealed by SAXS/SANS ? PFV IN undergoes dramatic changes in conformation and oligomerization upon binding DNA ? Strand transfer inhibitors do not alter quaternary structure of PFV intasome