Microtubules Enable the Planar Cell Polarity of Airway Cilia

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Highlights? PCP proteins are asymmetric at apical junctions in the airways before ciliogenesis ? PCP protein asymmetry and cilium orientation emerge gradually during development ? Cilium misorientation correlates with loss of PCP protein asymmetry in PCP mutants ? Microtubules appear to organize cilium orientation and PCP protein asymmetry     

Hypertrophy and unconventional cell division of hepatocytes underlie liver regeneration

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Highlights? Not all hepatocytes undergo cell division during liver regeneration ? Hypertrophy precedes proliferation in the regenerating liver ? Hepatocytes infrequently enter into M phase during liver regeneration ? Binuclear hepatocytes undergo cell division to generate mononuclear hepatocytes     

Saturated fatty acid and TLR signaling link β cell dysfunction and islet inflammation

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Highlights? Palmitate induces β cell dysfunction by activating inflammatory processes in islets ? β cells sense palmitate via the TLR4 pathway and recruit M1 macrophages to islets ? M1 macrophages play a pivotal role in palmitate-induced β cell dysfunction ? M1 macrophages and inflammation also play a role in β cell dysfunction in T2D models     

β-Catenin-Driven Binary Fate Specification Segregates Germ Layers in Ascidian Embryos

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Highlights? β-catenin nuclear asymmetry after animal-vegetal-oriented cell divisions ? β-catenin nuclear asymmetry drives binary cell fate choices ? Combinatorial codes of nuclear β-catenin activation segregate ascidian germ layers ? Nuclear β-catenin ON-to-OFF activity is required for marginal mesoderm formation     

Quiescent and Active Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells with Distinct Morphologies Respond Selectively to Physiological and Pathological Stimuli and Aging

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Highlights? Notch signaling defines morphologically distinct hippocampal stem cell populations ? Radial and horizontal hippocampal stem cells depend on canonical Notch signaling ? Different neural stem cell subpopulations respond selectively to neurogenic stimuli ? Aging results in a reversible transition of stem cells to a quiescent state     

Division-coupled astrocytic differentiation and age-related depletion of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus

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Highlights? The neural stem cell pool declines over time during aging ? Neural stem cell activation prompts rapid asymmetric divisions ? After undergoing division, neural stem cells differentiate into astrocytes     

Pou5f1-Dependent EGF Expression Controls E-Cadherin Endocytosis,Cell Adhesion,and Zebrafish Epiboly Movements

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Highlights? Pou5f1 regulates EGF expression during oogenesis ? EGFR signaling controls E-cadherin trafficking at blastula and gastrula stages ? E-cadherin subcellular trafficking controls adhesion and cell migration ? Dynamics of E-cadherin adhesion is essential for effective cell migration     

Loss of Scar/WAVE Complex Promotes N-WASP- and FAK-Dependent Invasion

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Highlights? Arp2/3 complex drives epithelial cell invasion in the absence of WRC ? Loss of WRC promotes N-WASP-dependent invasion and degradative focal adhesions ? Loss of WRC promotes FAK activation and enhances anchorage-independent growth ? WRC suppresses cell transformation and tumor formation     

Interplay between the Dividing Cell and Its Neighbors Regulates Adherens Junction Formation during Cytokinesis in Epithelial Tissue

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Highlights? During cytokinesis, neighboring cells accumulate MyoII at the edges of the furrow ? MyoII nonautonomously sets the initial geometry of the daughter cell interface ? Neighboring membranes impede adherens junction (AJ) formation until a midbody forms ? Arp2/3-dependent actin accumulation in the dividing cell maintains AJ geometry     

Folding and Self-Assembly of the TatA Translocation Pore Based on a Charge Zipper Mechanism

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Highlights? Charge zippers as a new concept for folding and assembly of membrane proteins ? 3D structure of TatA pore explains translocation of folded proteins across membrane ? Ladders of salt bridges connect an amphiphilic palisade that can span the bilayer ? MD simulations and specific charge mutations support the charge zipper model     

Myosin-V Opposes Microtubule-Based Cargo Transport and Drives Directional Motility on Cortical Actin

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Highlights? Myosin-V alternates between active and passive actin-binding modes ? Myosin-V opposes kinesin-propelled cargo redistribution ? Myosin-V anchors kinesin-propelled cargo in actin-rich areas ? Myosin-V can drive medium-range directional transport at the cell periphery     

Endothelial Cells Are Essential for the Self-Renewal and Repopulation of Notch-Dependent Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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Highlights? Coculture with endothelial cells promotes HSC expansion and self-renewal ? Endothelial cell effect on HSCs mediated by Notch signaling ? In vivo, sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) express Notch ligands ? Blocking vessel remodeling impairs hematopoietic recovery after irradiation     

Reactive Glia in the Injured Brain Acquire Stem Cell Properties in Response to Sonic Hedgehog

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Highlights? Stab wound injury and MCAo elicit a profound stem cell response ? Noninvasive brain injury fails to elicit a stem cell response ? SHH is upregulated and required in lesion conditions with a stem cell response ? SHH transducer deletion in astrocytes reduces their proliferative response to injury     

The structural basis for tight control of PP2A methylation and function by LCMT-1

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Highlights? LCMT-1 makes extensive contacts to PP2A active site for methylation of PP2A tail ? PP2A methylation is stimulated by phosphatase activation, hampered by inactivation ? LCMT-1 would facilitate efficient transition of activated PP2A to holoenzymes ? A high-affinity dnLCMT-1 mutant attenuates the cell cycle without causing cell death     

Unilateral Dampening of Bmp Activity by Nodal Generates Cardiac Left-Right Asymmetry

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Highlights? Cardiac laterality involves Nodal modulating an antimotogenic Bmp activity ? The Nodal target Hyaluronan synthase 2 unilaterally dampens Bmp signaling activity ? Nonmuscle myosin II is positively regulated by Bmp within cardiac tissue ? High levels of nonmuscle myosin II activity reduce cardiac cell motility     

A microRNA miR-34a-Regulated Bimodal Switch Targets Notch in Colon Cancer Stem Cells

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Highlights? miR-34a regulates colon cancer stem cell asymmetric division ? miR-34a generates a sharp threshold response ? miR-34a converts Notch signaling into a toggle switch ? Binary Notch levels specify self-renewal versus differentiation     

Structural Mechanism of CCM3 Heterodimerization with GCKIII Kinases

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Highlights? Crystal structure of CCM3-MST4 heterodimeric complex ? Structural mechanism driving CCM3-GCKIII heterodimerization ? Conformational changes required for CCM3-GCKIII heterodimerization ? Synergistic effects of CCM3-MST4 complex on cell proliferation and migration     

FANCM and FAAP24 Maintain Genome Stability via Cooperative as Well as Unique Functions

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Highlights? FANCM and FAAP24 exhibit nonepistatic functions in cell survival upon DNA damage ? FAAP24 confers unique lesion specificity in DNA damage cell-cycle checkpoint ? FANCM translocase activity is involved in recombination-independent ICL repair     

Direct and Indirect Gene Regulation by a Life-Extending FOXO Protein in C. elegans: Roles for GATA Factors and Lipid Gene Regulators

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Highlights? DAF-16 regulates genes both cell autonomously and cell nonautonomously ? DAF-16 can act at in the endoderm to delay muscle aging ? DAF-16 can act at a distance to protect animals from amyloid paralysis ? Cell-non-autonomous gene regulation by DAF-16 involves the lipid-gene regulator MDT-15