Keeping cell identity in Arabidopsis requires PRC1 RING-finger homologs that catalyze H2A monoubiquitination

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Highlights? AtBMI1A/B proteins prevent misexpression of embryonic traits in somatic cells ? PRC2 and AtBMI1A/B proteins maintain cells in their differentiated state ? AtBMI1A/B proteins mediate H2A monoubiquitination     

The PP2A Inhibitor I2PP2A Is Essential for Sister Chromatid Segregation in Oocyte Meiosis II

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Highlights? PP2A colocalizes with Rec8 in mouse oocyte meiosis II ? The PP2A inhibitor I2PP2A is expressed in ascidian and mouse oocyte meiosis ? I2PP2A colocalizes with PP2A in meiosis II, independently of bipolar attachment ? I2PP2A is required for sister separation in mouse oocyte meiosis II     

ESCs Require PRC2 to Direct the Successful Reprogramming of Differentiated Cells toward Pluripotency

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Highlights? Mouse pluripotent cells reprogram human B cells in heterokaryons ? ESCs lacking PRC1 or PRC2 cannot successfully reprogram ? Failure of PRC1/2-deficient ESCs to reprogram is functionally dominant ? PRC1/2 play a critical role in the chromatin reorganization required for reprogramming     

Repeated,Long-Term Cycling of Putative Stem Cells between Niches in a Basal Chordate

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Highlights? Identification of a niche for germline and somatic stem cells in a basal chordate ? Stem cells repeatedly migrate between aged or damaged niches into developing niches     

The Retroviral Restriction Ability of SAMHD1, but Not Its Deoxynucleotide Triphosphohydrolase Activity,Is Regulated by Phosphorylation

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Highlights? SAMHD1 only exhibits antiviral activity when expressed in noncycling cells ? SAMHD1 is unphosphorylated in noncycling cells ? Reverse genetics revealed that phosphorylated SAMHD1 is repressive for restriction ? SAMHD1 phosphorylation regulates restriction, but not the cellular levels of dNTPs     

Endothelial Cells Are Essential for the Self-Renewal and Repopulation of Notch-Dependent Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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Highlights? Coculture with endothelial cells promotes HSC expansion and self-renewal ? Endothelial cell effect on HSCs mediated by Notch signaling ? In vivo, sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) express Notch ligands ? Blocking vessel remodeling impairs hematopoietic recovery after irradiation     

The Crystal Structures of the Eukaryotic Chaperonin CCT Reveal Its Functional Partitioning

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Highlights? CCT subunit types can be identified in crystallographic data, even at low resolutions ? Actin and tubulin both bind around CCT6 ? ATP hydrolysis and substrate binding are partitioned in the CCT particle     

Intestinal Tumorigenesis Initiated by Dedifferentiation and Acquisition of Stem-Cell-like Properties

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Highlights? Epithelial nonstem cells can be reprogrammed into tumor-initiating cells ? Dedifferentiation depends on degree of Wnt signaling ? Wnt signaling is enhanced by NFkB via the coactivator CBP ? Differentiation of stem cells into nonstem cells is bidirectional     

Quiescent and Active Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells with Distinct Morphologies Respond Selectively to Physiological and Pathological Stimuli and Aging

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Highlights? Notch signaling defines morphologically distinct hippocampal stem cell populations ? Radial and horizontal hippocampal stem cells depend on canonical Notch signaling ? Different neural stem cell subpopulations respond selectively to neurogenic stimuli ? Aging results in a reversible transition of stem cells to a quiescent state     

Imparting Regenerative Capacity to Limbs by Progenitor Cell Transplantation

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Highlights? Transplantation of limb progenitor cells promotes multiple digit regenerates ? Wnt/β-catenin activation is required to stimulate adult frog limb regeneration ? Growth factors promote cell survival and growth and give pattern information ? Regeneration-incompetent host limb cells contribute to the regenerated limbs     

MTR1 encodes a secretory fasciclin glycoprotein required for male reproductive development in rice

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Highlights? The fasciclin glycoprotein MTR1 regulates male reproductive development in rice ? Rice male reproductive cells secrete MTR1 to control somatic tapetum development     

Dopamine controls neurogenesis in the adult salamander midbrain in homeostasis and during regeneration of dopamine neurons

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Highlights? Regeneration of midbrain dopamine neurons depends on decreased dopamine signaling ? L-dopa inhibits ependymoglia cell proliferation during dopamine neuron regeneration ? Proliferation of ependymoglia cells is constantly suppressed by dopamine signaling ? Inhibition of dopamine signaling evokes neurogenesis by quiescent ependymoglia cells     

Selective Elimination of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by an Oleate Synthesis Inhibitor Discovered in a High-Throughput Screen

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Highlights? High-throughput screen identifies selective cytotoxic inhibitors of hPSCs ? The most potent and selective compound inhibits stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD1) ? Pluripotent cells uniquely depend on oleate metabolism for their viability ? SCD1 inhibition rapidly and robustly eliminates undifferentiated cells from culture     

CED-1, CED-7, and TTR-52 regulate surface phosphatidylserine expression on apoptotic and phagocytic cells

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Highlights? PS is expressed on the surface of apoptotic and phagocytic cells during apoptosis ? CED-7 and TTR-52 mediate time-dependent loss of PS from surface of apoptotic cells ? CED-7 and TTR-52 promote generation of extracellular PS vesicles ? CED-7/TTR-52/CED-1 promote phagocyte PS expression, important for corpse engulfment     

Epigenetic Regulation of miR-184 by MBD1 Governs Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation

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Highlights? MBD1 governs the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) ? MBD1 controls the expression of miRNAs, including miR-184, in NSCs ? MiR-184 represses the expression of Numblike ? Numblike rescues the effects of abnormal MBD1 and miR-184 expression     

Trachea-Derived Dpp Controls Adult Midgut Homeostasis in Drosophila

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Highlights? Trachea-derived Dpp/Bmp is required for midgut homeostasis ? Dpp expressed in tracheal cells reach intestinal cells through visceral muscles ? Dpp signaling is activated in enterocytes (ECs) in the Drosophila adult midgut ? Dpp signaling stabilizes ECs to restrict intestinal stem cell proliferation     

Chromosome Engineering Allows the Efficient Isolation of Vertebrate Neocentromeres

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Highlights? Chromosome engineering efficiently generates neocentromeres in chicken DT40 cells ? CENP-A reproducibly occupies an ～40 kb genomic region at each neocentromere ? Nonkinetochore CENP-A appears to function as a seed for neocentromere assembly     

Fas/CD95-Induced Chemokines Can Serve as “Find-Me” Signals for Apoptotic Cells

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Highlights? Fas-induced apoptosis is associated with secretion of cytokines and chemokines ? Fas-driven MCP-1 and IL-8 were chemotactic for monocytes and neutrophils, respectively ? IL-8 and MCP-1 can act as “find-me” signals for apoptotic cells ? Apoptotic cells can actively communicate with cells of the immune system