首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
We substituted a truncated neuropeptide Y (NPY) analog, [Pro30, Tyr32, Leu34]NPY(28-36)NH2 also called BVD15, at various positions with DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-10-tetraacetic acid) and evaluated the effect of the coupling position with the binding affinity for NPY Y1 receptors (NPY1R). Our data suggest that [Lys(DOTA)4]BVD15 (Ki = 63 ± 25 nM vs. Ki = 39 ± 34 nM for BVD15) is a potent NPY analog suitable for radiolabeling with metallo positron emitters for PET imaging of breast cancer.  相似文献   

2.
《Inorganica chimica acta》2006,359(5):1478-1484
A new Re(I) carbonyl complex [Re(CO)3(dpop′)Cl] with nominally N-donor tri-dentate heterocyclic ligand dipyrido(2,3-a:3′,2′-j)phenazine (dpop′) was prepared and characterized. The ligand complexes in a bi-dentate mode undergoing fluxional behavior in room temperature solution. VT NMR results show ΔG3 of 61.1 kJ mol−1 for [Re(CO)3(dpop′)Cl] is smaller than for comparable tpy related complexes. The electronic absorption spectrum shows solvent dependent MLCT energies at 483 and 368 nm in dichloromethane. A single irreversible Re centered oxidation at +1.29 V and a semi-reversible dpop′ centered reduction at −0.71 V are observed by cyclicvoltammetry. Electrolysis of [Re(CO)3(dpop′)Cl] at −1.0 V produces complete loss of dpop′ from the metal.  相似文献   

3.
15N-labelled NO3? was used in a surface-flow constructed wetland in spring to examine the relative importance of competing NO3? removal processes. In situ mesocosms (0.25 m2) were dosed with 2 l of 15NO3? (NaNO3, 300 mg N l?1, 99 atom% 15N) and bromide (Br?) solution (LiBr, 4.3 g l?1, as a conservative tracer). Concentrations of NO3?, Br?, dissolved oxygen and 15N2 were monitored periodically and replicate mesocosms were destructively sampled prior to and 6 days after 15N addition. Denitrification, immobilisation, plant uptake and dissimilatory NO3? reduction to NH4+ (DNRA) accounted for 77, 11, 9 and 2% of 15NO3? transformed during the experiment. Only 6% of denitrification gases were directly measured as atmospheric or dissolved 15N2; the remainder (71%) was determined via 15N mass balance. This indicated that a large proportion of the denitrification gases were entrapped within the soil matrix and/or plant aerenchyma. The floating plant Lemna minor exhibited a significantly higher NO3? uptake rate (221 mg kg?1 d?1) than Typha orientalis (10 mg kg?1 d?1), but periodic harvest of plants would remove <3% of annual NO3? inputs. Our results suggest that this 6-year-old constructed wetland functions effectively as a sink for NO3? during the growing season with less than one-quarter of the NO3? processed sequestered into wetland plant, algal and microbial N pools and the balance permanently removed by denitrification.  相似文献   

4.
Gq/11-coupled muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) belonging to M1, M3 and M5 subtypes have been shown to activate the metabolic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through Ca2 +/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-β (CaMKKβ)-mediated phosphorylation at Thr172. However, the source of Ca2 + required for this response has not been yet elucidated. Here, we investigated the involvement of store-operated Ca2 + entry (SOCE) in AMPK activation by pharmacologically defined M3 mAChRs in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. In Ca2 +-free medium the cholinergic agonist carbachol (CCh) caused a transient increase of phospho-Thr172 AMPK that rapidly ceased within 2 min. Conversely, in the presence of extracellular Ca2 + CCh-induced AMPK phosphorylation lasted for at least 180 min. The SOCE modulator 2-aminoethoxydiphephenyl borate (2-APB), at a concentration (50 μM) that suppressed CCh-induced intracellular Ca2 + ([Ca2 +]i) plateau, inhibited CCh-induced AMPK phosphorylation. CCh triggered the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2 + sensor stromal interaction molecule (STIM) 1, as indicated by redistribution of STIM1 immunofluorescence into puncta, and promoted the association of STIM1 with the SOCE channel component Orai1. Cell depletion of STIM1 by siRNA treatment reduced both CCh-induced [Ca2 +]i plateau and AMPK activation. M3 mAChRs increased glucose uptake and this response required extracellular Ca2 + and was inhibited by 2-APB, STIM1 knockdown, CaMKKβ and AMPK inhibitors, and adenovirus infection with dominant negative AMPK. Thus, the study provides evidence that SOCE is required for sustained activation of AMPK and stimulation of downstream glucose uptake by M3 mAChRs and suggests that SOCE is a critical process connecting M3 mAChRs to the control of neuronal energy metabolism.  相似文献   

5.
The interactions of a ruthenium porphyrin complex [(Py-3′)TPP-Ru(phen)2Cl]Cl (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, (Py-3′)TPP = 5-(3′-pyridyl-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin) (1) and its heterometallic derivatives, [Ni(Py-3′)TPP-Ru(phen)2Cl][PF6] (2) and [Cu(Py-3′)TPP-Ru(phen)2Cl][PF6] (3), with calf thymus DNA have been investigated by spectroscopic and viscosity measurements in this study. The results showed that these synthetic complexes can bind to double strand helix DNA in groove binding mode, and the intrinsic binding constants of complexes 1, 2 and 3, as calculated according to the decay of the Soret absorption, are (1.35 ± 0.5) ×105 M?1 (s = 4.2), (1.29 ± 0.5) × 105 M?1 (s = 5.6) and (1.22 ± 0.5) × 105 M?1 (s = 6.2) (s is the binding-site size), respectively, which are consistent with those obtained from ethidium bromide-quenching experiments. Further investigations on the photocleavage properties of these complexes on plasmid pBR 322 DNA showed that complexes 1, 2 and 3 could cleave single chain DNA and convert DNA molecules from supercoiled form to the nicked form. As determined by MTT assay, the complexes were also identified as potent antiproliferative agents against A375 human melanoma cells, MCF-7 human breast adrenocarcinoma cells, Colo201 human colon adenocarcinoma cells and HepG2 human liver cancer cells. Complex 1 inhibits the growth of A375 cells through induction of apoptotic cell death and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Further investigation on intracellular mechanisms indicated that Complex 1 induced depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in A375 cells through regulating the expression of pro-survival and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. Our results suggest that ruthenium porphyrin complexes could be candidates for further evaluation as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents for human cancers.  相似文献   

6.
7.
《Process Biochemistry》2010,45(7):1036-1042
A recombinant strain of Escherichia coli with CYP102A1 gene was developed for the demethylation of colchicine into their derivatives. The CYP102A1 gene responsible for demethylation was isolated from Bacillus megaterium ACBT03 and amplified using suitable primers. The amplified product was cloned into pET28a+ expression vector using host E. coli BL21(DE3) cells. The CYP3A4 (product of CYP102A1 gene) protein expression and other parameters like substrate toxicity, product toxicity and enzyme activity were optimized in shake flasks; and further scaled-up to 5 l bioreactor with 3 l working volume. In 5 l bioreactor, dissolved oxygen (DO) was optimized for maximum specific growth and enhanced 3-demethylated colchicine (3-DMC) production. The optimized conditions from shake flasks were scaled-up to 70 l bioreactor and resulted into ∼80% conversion of 20 mM colchicine in 48 h with a volumetric productivity of 6.62 mg l−1 h−1. Scale-up factors were measured as volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) i.e., 56 h−1 and impeller tip velocity (Vtip) i.e., 7.065 m s−1, respectively. The kinetic parameters Km, kcat, and kcat/Km of the CYP3A4 enzyme using colchicine as the substrate were determined to be 271 ± 30 μM, 8533 ± 25 min−1, and 31.49 μM min−1, respectively, when IPTG induced recombinant E. coli culture was used.  相似文献   

8.
A novel series of CCR1 antagonists based on the 1-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone scaffold was identified by screening a compound library utilizing CCR1-expressing human THP-1 cells. SAR studies led to the discovery of the highly potent and selective CCR1 antagonist 14 (CCR1 binding IC50 = 4 nM using [125I]-CCL3 as the chemokine ligand). Compound 14 displayed promising pharmacokinetic and toxicological profiles in preclinical species.  相似文献   

9.
Classical 99mTc(CO)3+ and novel 99mTc(CO)2(NO)2+ cores complexed with flavonol derivatives were prepared. Autoradiography of postmortem AD transgenic mice (Tg C57, APP, PS1 12-month-old) brain section confirmed the binding property of [99mTc(CO)3+-3-OH-flavone]0 to Aβ(1–40) aggregates, while the novel 99mTc(CO)2(NO)2+ labeled compounds showed no binding sites in AD transgenic mice sections. Intravenous administration of [99mTc(CO)3+-3-OH-flavone]0 resulted in moderate brain uptake (0.48 ± 0.05%ID/g) at 5 min post-injection and slow clearance from the brain issues in 2 h post-injection (120 min: 0.39 ± 0.08%ID/g). Then an Aβ(1–40)-receptor-targeted Re(CO)3+-3-OH-flavone, was prepared to identify the structure of the technetium complex. UV–vis absorption and fluorescence emission properties have been studied at room temperature in order to determine the natures of the lowest electronically excited states of Re(CO)3+-3-OH-flavone and the ligand. The fluorescent rhenium complex Re(CO)3+-3-OH-flavone showed high affinity for Aβ(1–40) aggregates in vitro by fluorescence spectra (dissociation constant (Kd) = 11.16 nM). In conclusion, the results suggested that 99mTc(CO)3+-3-OH-flavone should be a suitable candidate as Aβ plaque SPECT imaging agent for AD.  相似文献   

10.
《Inorganica chimica acta》2006,359(1):339-345
Chemical oxidation in acetonitrile of the previously reported phenolato-bridged binuclear Mn(II) complex [(mL)MnMn(mL)]2+ (1), where mLH is pentadentate N,N′-bis-(2-pyridylmethyl)-N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-N′-methyl-ethane-1,2-diamine ligand [C. Hureau, et al., Chem. Eur. J. 2004, 10, 1998–2010] using iodosylbenzene PhIO (dissolved in methanol) is described. The addition of one to four equivalents of PhIO per Mn ion leads to the transient formation of the mono-μ-oxo binuclear Mn2(III,III) complex [(mL)Mn(μ-O)Mn(mL)]2+ (2), previously studied. After addition of five equivalents of PhIO per Mn ion, the mononuclear Mn(III) species [(mL)Mn(OMe)]+ (3) is quantitatively generated. The UV–Vis spectrum of 3 displays a broad band at 456 nm (ε = 1000 L mol−1 cm−1) attributed to phenolato to Mn(III) charge transfer transition. Complex 3 exhibits a reversible oxidation wave at E1/2 = 0.68 V versus SCE, and the mononuclear Mn(IV) complex [(mL)Mn(OMe)]2+ (3ox) can thus be generated by exhaustive electrolysis at 1.0 V versus SCE. The 9.4 GHz EPR spectrum of complex 3ox shows a strong transition near g = 4 consistent with a rhombically distorted S = 3/2 system with a zero-field splitting dominating the Zeeman effect. UV–Vis spectrum displays a large phenolato to Mn(IV) charge transfer transition at 670 nm (ε = 2450 L mol−1 cm−1).  相似文献   

11.
The 5-HT1AR partial agonist PET radiotracer, [11C]CUMI-101, has advantages over an antagonist radiotracer as it binds preferentially to the high affinity state of the receptor and thereby provides more functionally meaningful information. The major drawback of C-11 tracers is the lack of cyclotron facility in many health care centers thereby limiting widespread clinical or research use. We identified the fluoroethyl derivative, 2-(4-(4-(2-(2-fluoroethoxy)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)dione (FECUMI-101) (Ki = 0.1 nM; Emax = 77%; EC50 = 0.65 nM) as a partial agonist 5-HT1AR ligand of the parent ligand CUMI-101. FECUMI-101 is radiolabeled with F-18 by O-fluoroethylation of the corresponding desmethyl analogue (1) with [18F]fluoroethyltosylate in DMSO in the presence of 1.6 equiv of K2CO3 in 45 ± 5% yield (EOS). PET shows [18F]FECUMI-101 binds specifically to 5-HT1AR enriched brain regions of baboon. The specificity of [18F]FECUMI-101 binding to 5-HT1AR was confirmed by challenge studies with the known 5-HT1AR ligand WAY100635. These findings indicate that [18F]FECUMI-101 can be a viable agonist ligand for the in vivo quantification of high affinity 5-HT1AR with PET.  相似文献   

12.
The Paratethys evolved as a marginal sea during the Alpine–Himalayan orogeny in the Oligo-Miocene. Sediments from the northern Alpine Molasse Basin, the Vienna, and the Pannonian Basins located in the western and central part of the Paratethys thus provide unique information on regional changes in climate and oceanography during a period of active Alpine uplift. Oxygen isotope compositions of well-preserved phosphatic fossils recovered from the sediments support deposition under sub-tropical to warm-temperate climate with water temperatures of 14 to 28 °C for the Miocene. δ18O values of fossil shark teeth are similar to those reported for other Miocene marine sections and, using the best available estimates of their biostratigraphic age, show a variation until the end of the Badenian similar to that reported for composite global record. The 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of the fossils follow the global Miocene seawater trend, albeit with a much larger scatter. The deviations of 87Sr/86Sr in the samples from the well-constrained seawater curve are interpreted as due to local input of terrestrially-derived Sr. Contribution of local sources is also reflected in the εNd values, consistent with input from ancient crystalline rocks (e.g., Bohemian Massif) and/or Mesozoic sediments with εNd < ? 9. On the other hand, there is evidence for input from areas with Neogene volcanism as suggested by samples with elevated εNd values > ? 7. Excluding samples showing local influence on the water column, an average εNd value of ? 7.9 ± 0.5 may be inferred for the Miocene Paratethys. This value is indistinguishable from the εNd value of the contemporaneous Indian Ocean, supporting a dominant role of this ocean in the Western and Central Paratethys.  相似文献   

13.
Compound 1 is a potent and selective antagonist of the dopamine D3 receptor. With the aim of developing a carbon-11 labeled ligand for the dopamine D3 receptor, 1 was selected as a potential PET probe. [11C]1 was obtained by palladium catalyzed cross coupling using [11C]cyanide and 4 with a specific activity of 55.5 ± 25.9 GBq/μmol (1.5 ± 0.7 Ci/μmol). [11C]1 was tested in porcine and non-human primate models to assess its potential as a radioligand for PET imaging of the dopamine D3 receptor. We conclude that in both species and despite appropriate in vitro properties, [11C]1 does not show any specific signal for the dopamine D3 receptor.  相似文献   

14.
The energy conservation and number of viable cells of Nitrosomonas europaea fluctuate dramatically during cultivation. In discontinuous culture the specific activity (SA) reaches its maximum after 9 h with about 2700 nmol O2 (mg protein)?1 min?1, where the highest number of viable N. europaea cells is detectable after 21 h with 2 × 108 cell ml?1. Afterwards, both SA and viable cell number immediately start to decrease. Accordingly, the exponential growth turns into a linear growth, whereby the number of viable cells permanently decreases. The exponential growth phase can be extended from about 21 to 38 h by increasing the concentration of CO2 or trace elements. In continuous fermentation of N. europaea, SA of about 2500 nmol O2 (mg protein)?1 min?1 and viable cell number of 2.5 × 108 cell ml?1 is detectable at dilution rates between 1 and 1.8 day?1. At dilution rates below 1 day?1, SA and number of viable cells are reduced. The minimal doubling time is 13 and 15 h during continuous and discontinuous fermentation, respectively. Consequently, cell production of N. europaea should be performed in continuous fermentation. When bacteria are grown in discontinuous systems, they should be harvested in the early exponential growth phase.  相似文献   

15.
The binding characteristics of [3H]-NPVF and [3H]-EYF, the two first tritiated probes for the respective labelling of NPFF1 and NPFF2 receptors, are presented. In membranes from CHO cells transfected with the human NPFF1 receptor, [3H]-NPVF labelled one class of binding sites with a high affinity (Bmax = 4 pmol/mg protein, Kd = 2.65 nM). In membranes from CHO cells transfected with the human NPFF2 receptor, [3H]-EYF labelled one class of binding sites with a high affinity (Bmax = 16 pmol/mg protein, Kd = 0.54 nM). Both radioligands exhibited time-dependent binding, low (10–20%) non-specific binding and poor cross-reactivity towards the related receptor subtype. The potency of different NPFF ligands to displace [3H]-NPVF and [3H]-EYF binding profiles was in good agreement with the profile previously measured by using 125I-probes (NPFF1 receptor: NPVF  1DMe = SPA-NPFF > NPFF = SQA-NPFF = QFW-NPSF > NPSF > RF9; NPFF2 receptor: SPA-NPFF > > SQA-NPFF = QFW-NPSF = 1DMe = NPFF  NPSF = NPVF > RF9). Therefore, [3H]-NPVF and [3H]-EYF are new valuable tools for performing binding on NPFF receptors.  相似文献   

16.
The host-defense peptide, esculentin-2CHa (GFSSIFRGVA10KFASKGLGK D20LAKLGVDLVA30 CKISKQC) shows potent (MIC  6 μM) growth inhibitory activity against clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and differential cytotoxic activity against human erythrocytes (LC50 = 150 μM) and human non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells (LC50 = 10 μM). Esculentin-2CHa significantly (P < 0.01) stimulates the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by mouse lymphoid cells and elevates its production after stimulation with concanavalin A and significantly (P < 0.05) stimulates TNF-α production by peritoneal macrophages. Effects on IL-6 and IL-1β production were not significant. Removal of the hydrophobic N-terminal hexapeptide (GFSSIF) from esculentin-2CHa results in abolition of growth inhibitory activity against S. aureus and cytotoxic activity against erythrocytes and A549 cells as well as a marked (≥16-fold) reduction in potency against A. baumannii and S. maltophilia. The primary structure of esculentin-2 has been poorly conserved between frog species but evolutionary pressure has acted to maintain the hydrophobic character of this N-terminal hexapeptide sequence. Removal of the cyclic C-terminal domain (CKISKQC) and replacement of the Cys31 and Cys37 residues by serine resulted in appreciable decreases in cytotoxicity against all microorganisms and against mammalian cells. The more cationic [D20K, D27K] analog showed a modest increase in potency against all microorganisms (up to 4-fold) but a marked increase in cytotoxicity against erythrocytes (LC50 = 11 μM) and A549 cells (LC50 = 3 μM).  相似文献   

17.
A novel fluorescent ligand was synthesized as a high-affinity, high specificity probe for visualizing the serotonin transporter (SERT). The rhodamine fluorophore was extended from an aniline substitution on the 5-position of the dihydroisobenzofuran ring of citalopram (2, 1-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-carbonitrile), using an ethylamino linker. The resulting rhodamine-labeled ligand 8 inhibited [3H]5-HT uptake in COS-7 cells (Ki = 225 nM) with similar potency to the tropane-based JHC 1-064 (1), but with higher specificity towards the SERT relative to the transporters for dopamine and norepinephrine. Visualization of the SERT with compound 8 was demonstrated by confocal microscopy in HEK293 cells stably expressing EGFP–SERT.  相似文献   

18.
《Inorganica chimica acta》2001,312(1-2):67-73
Palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes, [PdX(NS3 1Bu)]BPh4 (X=Cl, Br, I; NS3 1Bu=tris[2-(tert-butylthio)ethyl]amine) and [PtCl(NS3 1Bu)]BPh4, were prepared, and their structures were determined by X-ray analyses. The geometry around the palladium and platinum atoms is square planar. The NS3 1Bu ligand functions as a tridentate ligand and one sulfur atom is not coordinated to the metal. The 1H NMR spectrum of [PdCl(NS3 1Bu)]BPh4 in acetone-d6 exhibited a dynamic behavior. At 20°C the spectrum showed a singlet signal at 1.60 ppm that can be assigned to tert-butyl protons, whereas at −70°C three singlet signals were observed at 1.36, 1.61, and 1.70 ppm with an intensity ratio of 1: 0.25: 2. The signals at 1.36 and 1.70 ppm are assigned to the tert-butyl protons in the square-planar structure, and these signals are consistent with the X-ray structure. The signal at 1.61 ppm can be assigned to the tert-butyl protons in a trigonal-bipyramidal structure where the three tert-butyl groups are magnetically equivalent. Thus, we concluded that the coordination-site exchange occurred via a trigonal-bipyramidal intermediate. The square-planar and trigonal-bipyramidal species of [PdCl(NS3 1Bu)]BPh4 are in equilibrium in acetone-d6. The equilibrium was shifted toward the square-planar species on decreasing the temperature. The 1H NMR spectra for [PdX(NS3 1Bu)]BPh4 (X=Cl, Br, and I) were similar to one another at the same temperature, suggesting that the site-exchange process is insensitive to the kind of coexisting halogen ligand. The site exchange reaction of [PtCl(NS3 1Bu)]BPh4 seems to occur more slowly than that of the palladium(II) analogue.  相似文献   

19.
In this study, thermo-sensitive N-alkyl substituted polyacrylamide polymer PNNB was synthesized by using N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide(NHAM), N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPA) and butyl acrylate (BA) as monomers, and its low critical solution temperature (LCST) was controlled to be 28 °C. The recovery of the thermo-sensitive polymer was over 98%. Butanol as a hydrophobic ligand was covalently attached onto polymer PNNB and butyl ligand density was 80 μmol g?1 polymer. The affinity polymer was used for purification of lipase from crude material. Optimized condition was pH 7.0, 35 °C adsorption temperature, 120 min adsorption time and 0.5 mg ml?1 initial concentration of lipase. The adsorption isotherm accords with a typical Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of the affinity polymer for lipase was 24.8 mg g?1polymer. The affinity copolymer could be recycled by temperature-inducing precipitation and there was only about 6% loss of adsorption capacity after five recyclings. Specific activity of lipase was improved from 14 IU mg?1 to 506 IU mg?1 protein, and its recovery achieved 82%. The affinity polymer is suitable for the purification of target proteins from the crude material with large volume and dilute solution.  相似文献   

20.
Denitrifying bioreactors are currently being tested as an option for treating nitrate (NO3?) contamination in groundwater and surface waters. However, a possible side effect of this technology is the production of greenhouse gases (GHG) including nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). This study examines NO3? removal and GHG production in a stream-bed denitrifying bioreactor currently operating in Southern Ontario, Canada. The reactor contains organic carbon material (pine woodchips) intended to promote denitrification. Over a 1 year period, monthly averaged removal of influent (stream water) NO3? ranged from 18 to 100% (0.3–2.5 mg N L?1). Concomitantly, reactor dissolved N2O and CH4 production, averaged 6.4 μg N L?1 (2.4 mg N m?2 d?1), and 974 μg C L?1 (297 mg C m?2 d?1) respectively, where production is calculated as the difference between inflow and effluent concentrations. Gas bubbles entrapped in sediments overlying the reactor had a composition ranging from 19 to 64% CH4, 1 to 6% CO2, and 0.5 to 2 ppmv N2O; however, gas bubble emission rates were not quantified in this study. Dissolved N2O production rates from the bioreactor were similar to emission rates reported for some agricultural croplands (e.g. 0.1–15 mg N m?2 d?1) and remained less than the highest rates observed in some N-polluted streams and rivers (e.g. 110 mg N m?2 d?1, Grand R., ON). Dissolved N2O production represented only a small fraction (0.6%) of the observed NO3? removal over the monitoring period. Dissolved CH4 production during summer months (up to 1236 mg C m?2 d?1), was higher than reported for some rivers and reservoirs (e.g. 6–66 mg C m?2 d?1) but remained lower than rates reported for some wastewater treatment facilities (e.g. sewage treatment plants and constructed wetlands, 19,500–38,000 mg C m?2 d?1).  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号