共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
Daniel Garcia-Seco Yang Zhang Francisco J. Gutierrez-Ma?ero Cathie Martin Beatriz Ramos-Solano 《PloS one》2015,10(11)
Application of a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), Pseudomonas fluorescens N21.4, to roots of blackberries (Rubus sp.) is part of an optimised cultivation practice to improve yields and quality of fruit throughout the year in this important fruit crop. Blackberries are especially rich in flavonoids and therefore offer potential benefits for human health in prevention or amelioration of chronic diseases. However, the phenylpropanoid pathway and its regulation during ripening have not been studied in detail, in this species. PGPR may trigger flavonoid biosynthesis as part of an induced systemic response (ISR) given the important role of this pathway in plant defence, to cause increased levels of flavonoids in the fruit. We have identified structural genes encoding enzymes of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways catalysing the conversion of phenylalanine to the final products including flavonols, anthocyanins and catechins from blackberry, and regulatory genes likely involved in controlling the activity of pathway branches. We have also measured the major flavonols, anthocyanins and catechins at three stages during ripening. Our results demonstrate the coordinated expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes with the accumulation of anthocyanins, catechins, and flavonols in developing fruits of blackberry. Elicitation of blackberry plants by treatment of roots with P.fluorescens N21.4, caused increased expression of some flavonoid biosynthetic genes and an accompanying increase in the concentration of selected flavonoids in fruits. Our data demonstrate the physiological mechanisms involved in the improvement of fruit quality by PGPR under field conditions, and highlight some of the genetic targets of elicitation by beneficial bacteria. 相似文献
3.
4.
Recent advances in the transcriptional regulation of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Hichri I Barrieu F Bogs J Kappel C Delrot S Lauvergeat V 《Journal of experimental botany》2011,62(8):2465-2483
5.
6.
7.
Metabolic engineering of flavonoids in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum): the potential for metabolomics
Arnaud Bovy Elio Schijlen Robert D. Hall 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2007,3(3):399-412
Flavonoids comprise a large and diverse group of polyphenolic plant secondary metabolites. In plants, flavonoids play important
roles in many biological processes such as pigmentation of flowers, fruits and vegetables, plant-pathogen interactions, fertility
and protection against UV light. Being natural plant compounds, flavonoids are an integral part of the human diet and there
is increasing evidence that dietary polyphenols are likely candidates for the observed beneficial effects of a diet rich in
fruits and vegetables on the prevention of several chronic diseases. Within the plant kingdom, and even within a single plant
species, there is a large variation in the levels and composition of flavonoids. This variation is often due to specific mutations
in flavonoid-related genes leading to quantitative and qualitative differences in metabolic profiles. The use of such specific
flavonoid mutants with easily scorable, visible phenotypes has led to the isolation and characterisation of many structural
and regulatory genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway from different plant species. These genes have been used
to engineer the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in both model and crop plant species, not only from a fundamental perspective,
but also in order to alter important agronomic traits, such as flower and fruit colour, resistance, nutritional value. This
review describes the advances made in engineering the flavonoid pathway in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Three different approaches will be described; (I) Increasing endogenous tomato flavonoids using structural or regulatory
genes; (II) Blocking specific steps in the flavonoid pathway by RNA interference strategies; and (III) Production of novel
tomato flavonoids by introducing novel branches of the flavonoid pathway. Metabolite profiling is an essential tool to analyse
the effects of pathway engineering approaches, not only to analyse the effect on the flavonoid composition itself, but also
on other related or unrelated metabolic pathways. Metabolomics will therefore play an increasingly important role in revealing
a more complete picture of metabolic perturbation and will provide additional novel insights into the effect of the introduced
genes and the role of flavonoids in plant physiology and development. 相似文献
8.
RNA interference silencing of chalcone synthase, the first step in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, leads to parthenocarpic tomato fruits 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Plant physiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Schijlen EG de Vos CH Martens S Jonker HH Rosin FM Molthoff JW Tikunov YM Angenent GC van Tunen AJ Bovy AG 《Plant physiology》2007,144(3):1520-1530
9.
Proanthocyanidins--a final frontier in flavonoid research? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Proanthocyanidins are oligomeric and polymeric end products of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. They are present in the fruits, bark, leaves and seeds of many plants, where they provide protection against predation. At the same time they give flavor and astringency to beverages such as wine, fruit juices and teas, and are increasingly recognized as having beneficial effects on human health. The presence of proanthocyanidins is also a major quality factor for forage crops. The past 2 years have seen important breakthroughs in our understanding of the biosynthesis of the building blocks of proanthocyanidins, the flavan-3-ols (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin. However, virtually nothing is known about the ways in which these units are assembled into the corresponding oligomers in vivo. Molecular genetic approaches are leading to an understanding of the regulatory genes that control proanthocyanidin biosynthesis, and this information, together with increased knowledge of the enzymes specific for the pathway, will facilitate the genetic engineering of plants for introduction of value-added nutraceutical and forage quality traits. 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
13.
Zehou Liu Yaxi Liu Zhien Pu Jirui Wang Youliang Zheng Yanhong Li Yuming Wei 《Biotechnology letters》2013,35(11):1765-1780
Flavonoids are plant secondary metabolites that contribute to the adaptation of plants to environmental stresses, including resistance to abiotic and biotic stress. Flavonoids are also beneficial for human health and depress the progression of some chronic diseases. The biosynthesis of flavonoids, which belong to a large family of phenolic compounds, is a complex metabolic process with many pathways that produce different metabolites, controlled by key enzymes. There is limited knowledge about the composition, biosynthesis and regulation of flavonoids in cereals. Improved understanding of the accumulation of flavonoids in cereal grains would help to improve human nutrition through these staple foods. The biosynthesis of flavonoids, scope for altering the flavonoid composition in cereal crops and benefits for human nutrition are reviewed here. 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
Anthocyanin, antioxidant activity and stress-induced gene expression in high CO2-treated table grapes stored at low temperature 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Romero I Teresa Sanchez-Ballesta M Maldonado R Isabel Escribano M Merodio C 《Journal of plant physiology》2008,165(5):522-530
A pretreatment with 20kPa CO2+20 kPa O2+60 kPa N2 for 3 days proved effective in maintaining the fruit quality and controlling decay in table grapes (Vitis vinifera cv. Cardinal) stored at 0 degrees C. In the present work, we analyzed whether total anthocyanin content, the molecular mechanism implicated in their biosynthesis and antioxidant activity is related to the beneficial effect of this gaseous treatment. We isolated partial cDNAs that codified for enzymes implicated in the anthocyanin biosynthesis such as l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS), and an antioxidant enzyme such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Low temperatures induced an accumulation of total anthocyanin content in the skin of both treated and non-treated grapes, although levels were lower in CO2-treated fruit. By contrast, antioxidant activity decreased during storage at 0 degrees C in non-treated grapes but did not change in CO2-treated grapes. The up-regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis gene expression and VcAPX mRNA observed in non-treated grape is not enhanced in CO2-treated grapes, which presented low total decay. These results point out the ability of CO2-treated grapes to prevent the generation of reactive oxygen species rather than their inactivation by means of induction of studied defense systems. 相似文献
17.
Plants have the ability to produce a diversity of volatile metabolites, which attract pollinators and seed dispersers and strengthen plant defense responses. Selection by plant breeders of traits such as rapid growth and yield leads, in many cases, to the loss of flavor and aroma quality in crops. How the aroma can be improved without affecting other fruit attributes is a major unsolved issue. Significant advances in metabolic engineering directed at improving the set of volatiles that the fruits emit has been aided by the characterization of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of flavor and aroma compounds in some fruits. However, before this technology can be successfully applied to modulate the production of volatiles in different crops, further basic research is needed on the mechanisms that lead to the production of these compounds in plants. Here we review the biosynthesis and function of volatile compounds in plants, and the attempts that have been made to manipulate fruit aroma biosynthesis by metabolic engineering. In addition, we discuss the possibilities that molecular breeding offers for aroma enhancement and the implications of the latest advances in biotechnological modification of fruit flavor and aroma. 相似文献
18.
Almeida JR D'Amico E Preuss A Carbone F de Vos CH Deiml B Mourgues F Perrotta G Fischer TC Bovy AG Martens S Rosati C 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》2007,465(1):61-71
The biosynthesis of flavonoids and proanthocyanidins was studied in cultivated strawberry (Fragaria xananassa) by combining biochemical and molecular approaches. Chemical analyses showed that ripe strawberries accumulate high amounts of pelargonidin-derived anthocyanins, and a larger pool of 3',4'-hydroxylated proanthocyanidins. Activities and properties of major recombinant enzymes were demonstrated by means of in vitro assays, with special emphasis on specificity for the biologically relevant 4'- and 3',4'-hydroxylated compounds. Only leucoanthocyanidin reductase showed a strict specificity for the 3',4'-hydroxylated leucocyanidin, while other enzymes accepted either hydroxylated substrate with different relative activity rates. The structure of late flavonoid pathway genes, leading to the synthesis of major compounds in ripe fruits, was elucidated. Complex developmental and spatial expression patterns were shown for phenylpropanoid and flavonoid genes in fruits throughout ripening as well as in leaves, petals and roots. Presented results elucidate key steps in the biosynthesis of strawberry flavonoid end products. 相似文献
19.
Zifkin M Jin A Ozga JA Zaharia LI Schernthaner JP Gesell A Abrams SR Kennedy JA Constabel CP 《Plant physiology》2012,158(1):200-224