1-Cyano-3,4-epithiobutane: A major product of glucosinolate hydrolysis in seeds from certain varieties of Brassica campestris

A new hydrolysis product derived from 3-butenylglucosinolate in seeds of certain strains of Brassica campestris Yellow Sarson is described. The structure, 1-cyano-3,4-epithiobutane is proposed. If the seeds are heated at 115° for 30 min before hydrolysis, 3-butenyl isothiocyanate is the main product.     

疫苗中残余CDAP检测方法的建立

为了对多糖活化剂———1-氰基-4-二甲基氨基-吡啶四氟化硼(CDAP)的残余水平进行有效监控,本研究建立了基于高效阳离子交换层析的简便易行的检测方法,进行验证后的结果表明,该法具有良好的专属性、准确度、精密度,检出限可低至16μg/L,在20～100μg/L的范围内具有良好的线性。     

Interactions of a fungal thioglucoside glucohydrolase and cruciferous plant epithiospecifier protein to form 1-cyanoepithioalkanes: implications of an allosteric mechanism

Allylglucosinolate is converted to 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane by interaction of the thioglucoside glucohydrolase from the fungus Aspergillus sydowi QM 31c and the epithiospecifier protein from Crambe abyssinica. The kinetic evidence presented supports the hypothesis that the epithiospecifier protein interacts with thioglucoside glucohydrolase in an allosteric manner.     

Interactions of thioglucoside glucohydrolase and epithiospecifier protein of cruciferous plants to form 1-cyanoepithioalkanes

Allylglucosinolate is converted to 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane by interaction of the thioglucoside glucohydrolase and epithiospecifier protein from several genera: Brassica, Crambe, Armoracia and Sinapis. The interactions occur across genetic lines, indicating non-specific requirements for epithiospecifier protein and thioglucoside glucohydrolase.     

生物催化法合成6-氰基-（3R，5R）-二羟基己酸叔丁酯

利用E.coli BL21／pCDFDuet-gdh—cr-X共表达全细胞催化6-氰基-（5R）-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯不对称还原合成6-氰基-（3R,5R）-二羟基已酸叔丁酯。结果表明：在菌体用量4．85g/L、葡萄糖与底物质量浓度比为1：1、温度28℃、pH7．0条件下,80．0g／L6-氰基-（5R）-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯生物还原2h后,底物转化率可达99．0％,产物d.e．值大于99．5％。在考察范围内,NADP^＋用量对催化效率无显著作用。     

羰基还原酶不对称还原（R）-6-氰基-5-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯

选择R-羰基还原酶和葡萄糖脱氢酶双酶,协同催化（R）-6-氰基5-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯不对称还原制备阿托伐他汀关键手性合成子6-氰基-（3R,5R）-二羟基已酸叔丁酯。转化条件优化结果显示：在不添加外源性辅酶NADP（H）、菌体用量15．0g/L、147．0g/L（R）-6-氰基-5-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯、128．2g／L葡萄糖,30℃、pH6．5条件下反应6h后,底物转化率达到100％,产物d．e．值大于99．5％。     

Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of some novel tricyclic pyrazolo[3,4-b]indole nucleosides

Novel pyrazolo[3,4-b]indole nucleoside analogs were synthesized from the corresponding 3-formyl-2-chloroindole and 3-cyano-2-chloroindole nucleosides by treatment with hydrazine. Very few examples of pyrazolo[3,4-b]indole heterocycles have been published in the literature and this is the first synthesis of nucleoside analogs containing this heterocycle. These new pyrazolo[3,4-b]indole nucleosides were active against human cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1, but this activity was not well separated from cytotoxicity.     

A dicyanotriterpenoid induces cytoprotective enzymes and reduces multiplicity of skin tumors in UV-irradiated mice

Inducible phase 2 enzymes constitute a primary line of cellular defense. The oleanane dicyanotriterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-onitrile (TP-225) is a very potent inducer of these systems. Topical application of TP-225 to SKH-1 hairless mice increases the levels of NAD(P)H-quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and protects against UV radiation-induced dermal thickening. Daily topical treatments of 10 nmol of TP-225 to the backs of mice that were previously subjected to low-level chronic UVB radiation (30 mJ/cm²/session, twice a week for 17 weeks), led to 50% reduction in multiplicity of skin tumors. In addition, the total tumor burden of squamous cell carcinomas was reduced by 5.5-fold. The identification of new agents for protection against UV radiation-induced skin cancer and understanding of their mechanism(s) of action is especially important in view of the fact that human skin cancers represent a significant source of increasing morbidity and mortality.     

Synthesis of derivatives of C-nucleoside analogues using 'push-pull' functionalized monosaccharides.

7-Deoxy-1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-galacto-heptopyranos-6-ulose (1) reacted with carbon disulphide and methyl iodide in the presence of a base to furnish 7,8-dideoxy-1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-8,8-[bis(methylthio)]-alpha-D-galacto-oct-7-enopyranos-6-ulose (2). This 'push-pull' activated unsaturated monosaccharide underwent a ring closure reaction with hydrazine hydrate to give the 'inversed' C-nucleoside analogue 3. Compound 1 and malononitrile yielded the 7-cyano-6,7-dideoxy-1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-6-methyl-alpha-D-galacto-oct-6-enopyranurononitrile (4). Treatment of 4 with carbon disulphide and methyl iodide in the presence of a base afforded the sugar 'push-pull' butadiene 5 which was transformed into the pyridine nucleoside analogue 6.     

Evaluation of the New MALDI Matrix 4-Chloro-α-Cyanocinnamic Acid

MALDI-TOF continues to be an important tool for many proteomic studies. Recently, a new rationally designed matrix 4-chloro-α-cyanocinnamic acid was introduced, which is reported to have superior performance as compared with the “gold standard” α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA).¹ In this study, the performance of this new matrix, using the Shimadzu Biotech Axima TOF² (Shimadzu Biotech, Manchester, UK), was investigated. The overall sequence coverage as well as sensitivity of this matrix were compared with CHCA using standard protein tryptic digests. The performance of this matrix with labile peptides, such as phosphopeptides and 4-sulfophenyl isothiocynate-derivatized peptides, to facilitate de novo sequencing was also explored. This matrix was found to be better performing than CHCA in overall sensitivity and showed better sequence coverage at low-digest levels, partly as a result of less of a bias for arginine-containing peptides. It also showed as much as a tenfold improvement in sensitivity with labile peptides on standard stainless-steel targets. In addition, as a result of the much cooler nature of this matrix, labile peptides are readily seen intact with much less fragmentation in mass spectrometry (MS) mode. This matrix was also evaluated in the MS/MS fragmentation modes of post-source decay (PSD) and collisional-induced dissociation (CID). It was found that fragmentation occurs readily in CID, however as a result of the very cool nature of this new matrix, the PSD fragments were quite weak. This matrix promises to be an important addition to the already extensive array of MALDI matrices.     

Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and conformational analysis of novel substituted pyridines: BF(3)-promoted reaction of hydrazine with 2-alkoxy pyridines

Some new 2-alkoxy-3-cyano-4,6-diarylpyridines 3,4 were synthesized by condensation of different alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones 1 with malononitrile 2, followed by cyclization in sodium alkoxide/alcohol system. Lewis acid-catalyzed reaction of 4 with hydrazine afforded the corresponding 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines 5. The potency of the results as antimicrobial agents has been evaluated. The structure of the newly prepared compounds was assessed by microanalysis, IR and NMR spectra. Molecular mechanics (MM2) and semiemperical (AM1) molecular orbital calculations have been performed for the most biologically active compounds 5b and c to get insight into their molecular structures and to learn more about their stable molecular conformations.     

Synthesis of 4-cyanophenyl and 4-nitrophenyl 2-azido-2-deoxy-1,5-dithio-beta-D-arabino- and -beta-D-lyxopyranosides possessing antithrombotic activity

Tri-O-acetyl-5-thio-D-ribopyranosyl bromide was converted into 3,4-di-O-benzoyl-1,5-anhydro-5-thio-D-erythro-pent-1-enitol (3,4-di-O-benzoyl-5-thio-D-ribal), the azidonitration of which afforded an unstable mixture of 2-azido-3,4-di-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-1-O-nitro-5-thio-D-pentopyranoside++ + isomers. This was converted without separation into the corresponding 1-O-acetyl derivatives from which an alpha,beta anomeric mixture of the 1-O-acetyl-2-azido-3,4-di-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-5-thio-D-arabinopyranose+ ++ isomers could be isolated in high yield. Glycosidation of this mixture with 4-cyano- or 4-nitrobenzenethiol, using trimethylsilyl triflate or boron trifluoride etherate, respectively, as promoters gave the corresponding D anomers exclusively. Zemplén debenzoylation afforded 4-cyanophenyl as well as 4-nitrophenyl 2-azido-2-deoxy-1,5-dithio-beta-D-arabinopyranoside, respectively. When 1-O-acetyl-2-azido-3,4-di-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-5-thio-D-lyxopyranose was used as glycosyl donor only the corresponding 1 anomers, i.e., 4-cyanophenyl as well as 4-nitrophenyl 2-azido-2-deoxy-1,5-dithio-beta-D-lyxopyranosides, could be isolated after Zemplén debenzoylation in high yield. All four 1,5-dithioglycosides possess significant oral antithrombotic activity.     

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Modified Lupane,Oleanane, and Ursane A-seco-Triterpenoids

A series of new lupane, ursane, and oleanane type triterpenic A-seco-derivatives containing bromo-, azido-, alkyne-, 1H-tetrazol-5-yl-, 5-methyloxazol-2-yl-, N-(4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl), and a carbonyl group at C2, C24, C28, C30 positions has been synthesized. The bioactivity was evaluated by Ellman's method, and the results showed that most of the compounds displayed moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities in vitro. Among them, A-seco-derivatives of 28-oxo-allobetuline and betulinic acid with bromo- and azido-groups exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against AChE. Extra experiments showed methyl 2-cyano-3,4-seco-dibromo- and 2-cyano-3,4-seco-diazido-derivatives of betulinic acid as mixed-type inhibitors, with Ki values as low as K_i=0.18 μM and K_i=0.21 μM, respectively.     

具有差向选择性还原(R)-6-氰基-5-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯活性的微生物菌株筛选和鉴定

从土样中分离得到一株具有差向选择性还原(R)-6-氰基-5-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯活性的微生物菌株ZJB-09225,经生理生化特征鉴定和18S rDNA测序后鉴定为卡里比克毕赤酵母(Pichia caribbic ZJB-09225)。研究结果发现,在最适发酵条件下培养32 h,生物量为8.8 g/L,体积酶活达7.2 U/L;P.caribbic ZJB-09225最适作用温度、最适作用pH值分别为35℃和7.5。在最适的催化条件下,P.caribbic ZJB-09225细胞催化50.0 g/L(R)-6-氰基-5-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯3 h后,产物6-氰基-(3R,5R)-二羟基己酸叔丁酯得率3.4%,产物d.e.值99.5%以上。     

Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of ureides of Baylis-Hillman derivatives

The synthesis of several 1-(2-cyano-3-aryl-allyl)-3-aryl-urea(thiourea) constructed from the reaction between allylamines generated from Baylis-Hillman acetates and substituted isocyanates and isothiocyanates has been described. Further, their cyclization in the presence of a base led to the formation of 5-arylmethyl-4-imino-3-aryl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-2-ones. All compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity. Few of the compounds showed superior activity or were equipotent to the standard antibacterial agents.     

High-Resolution Structure of the Nitrile Reductase QueF Combined with Molecular Simulations Provide Insight into Enzyme Mechanism

Here, we report the 1.53-Å crystal structure of the enzyme 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine reductase (QueF) from Vibrio cholerae, which is responsible for the complete reduction of a nitrile (C  N) bond to a primary amine (H₂C-NH₂). At present, this is the only example of a biological pathway that includes reduction of a nitrile bond, establishing QueF as particularly noteworthy. The structure of the QueF monomer resembles two connected ferrodoxin-like domains that assemble into dimers. Ligands identified in the crystal structure suggest the likely binding conformation of the native substrates NADPH and 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine. We also report on a series of numerical simulations that have shed light on the mechanism by which this enzyme affects the transfer of four protons (and electrons) to the 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine substrate. In particular, the simulations suggest that the initial step of the catalytic process is the formation of a covalent adduct with the residue Cys194, in agreement with previous studies. The crystal structure also suggests that two conserved residues (His233 and Asp102) play an important role in the delivery of a fourth proton to the substrate.     

生物催化3-(4-氯苯基)-戊二腈去对称性水解合成光学纯巴氯芬的关键前体

研究了利用生物催化剂制备(S)-4-氰基-3-(4-氯苯基)-丁酸.以3-(4-氯苯基)-戊二腈为底物,采用苯酚-次氯酸钠法对实验室保藏的菌株进行筛选,得到一株产物立体选择性较高的菌株赤霉菌Gibberella intermedia WX12,并对其催化特性和发酵条件进行了初步研究.以30 g/L的乳糖和20 g/L的蛋白胨分别为碳、氮源,发酵培养96 h,收集的菌体在50 mmol/L磷酸缓冲液(pH 8.0)中30℃催化反应24 h,将3-(4-氯苯基)-戊二腈转化为4-氰基-3-(4-氯苯基)-丁酸,产率为90％.将产物化学转化为巴氯芬,手性HPLC分析表明水解产物构型是(S),其对映异构体过量值ee＞ 99％.该产物可以用来合成光学纯的(R)-和(S)-巴氯芬.     

Antimicrobial Evaluation of New Synthesized Pyridine Nucleosides Under Solvent-Free Conditions

Two series of novel 3-cyano-2-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyloxo) pyridines and 3-cyano-2-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyloxy)-4-trifluromethyl-6-phenyl pyridine were synthesized using efficient microwave methods. The targeted compounds were obtained in high yields by reacting 2-(1H)-pyridone or its salt with activated sugars using SiO₂ under solvent-free conditions. Ammonolysis of the resulted acetylated nucleosides produced 3-cyano-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxo)-pyridines and 3-cyano-2-(β-D-ribofuranosyloxy)-4-trifluoromethyl-6-phenyl pyridine. These new products were fully characterized using 1D and 2D NMR. These compounds were screened for their antibacterial activities against G⁺ and G^– bacteria and some found to exhibit better antibacterial activities than the control drug.     

(3R)-2-羧乙基-3-氰基-5-甲基己酸乙酯水解酶产生菌的筛选与产酶条件优化

以2-羧乙基-3-氰基-5-甲基己酸乙酯为唯一碳源,采用手性气相法检测,筛选到一株能产对映选择性水解酶的假单胞菌Pseudomonas CGMCC No.4184.该菌产的水解酶能优先水解R型底物产生(3R)-2-羧乙基-3-氰基-5-甲基己酸,产物对映体过量值达到90%以上.对菌株Pseudomonas CGMCC ...     

Synthetic Studies on Cyclopentane Derivatives

Reactions of enol ethers of cyclopentane-1,3-dione derivatives (I) with cyanide ion were investigated in order to develope new synthetic routes to 3-functionalized-2-cyclopenten-1-one derivatives from I.

I could be converted to the 3-cyano-2-cyclopenten-1-one skeleton by several procedures for hydrocyanation, among which Nagata’s reagents (HCN-triethylaluminium, diethylaluminium cyanide) were proved to be potent ones.

Reactions of enol ethers of 4-hydroxy-cyclopentane-1,3-dione derivatives were also investigated. From 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one derivatives (V) 1,4-addition type products with the 4-hydroxy-3-cyano-2-cyclopenten-1-one skeleton (VIII) were obtained as sole isolatable products. NMR studies of some hydroxy-cyclopentenone derivatives were also described.