共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
合成生物学底盘微生物细胞的应用及其生物安全在创新型本科生培养中的实践 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
本科生创新能力培养是"双一流"建设人才培养的重要组成部分。合成生物学是一门新兴多学科交叉领域,被誉为可改变世界的十大新技术领域之一。构建高版本底盘微生物细胞和利用底盘细胞人工合成细胞工厂是合成生物学的重要组成部分。以实现创新型本科生为培养目标,我们将合成生物学底盘微生物细胞技术融入人才培养环节,通过组织学生参加国际遗传工程机器设计竞赛、主持大学生创新创业训练项目以及完成本科生毕业设计课题等多元化途径,提高学生理论联系实际及创新实践能力。同时,由于底盘微生物细胞是基因组经过精简、优化或其基因通路被改变的细胞,其应用存在一定的生物安全风险。我们通过将安全教育纳入培养大纲和教学计划、出版实验室安全与操作规范专业教材、开发虚拟仿真实验项目、建立实验室准入制度和信息化管理体系,以及针对底盘微生物细胞从购买、管理、规范使用和废弃物处理等进行生物安全教育等系列举措,规范底盘微生物细胞应用的生物安全。这些实践为培养创新型本科生提供了一个强有力的途径和有效保障,也为合成生物学的发展提供了支持,并有助于培养新的生力军。 相似文献
2.
目前,我国已有两家生物安全四级实验室和五十多家生物安全三级实验室完成建造并通过实验室认可。生物安全管理体系的技术要素和管理要素是确保高级别生物安全实验室生物安全的关键。本文探讨了高级别生物安全实验室区别于其他体系实验室(如ISO 17025检测和校准实验室与ISO 15189医学实验室)的若干个特征性管理要素,这些要素包括潜在污染的周期性评估、失活验证实验、分子诊断实验的无生物风险的阳性对照、微生物的不同封闭措施及生物安全文化。潜在污染的周期性评估与失活验证实验是高级别生物安全实验室日常管理的强制性措施。分子诊断实验的无生物风险的阳性对照与微生物的不同封闭措施应用于微生物实验(尤其是病毒学实验)从而降低暴露风险。生物安全文化应全面施行,以预防生物安全事件的再次发生。 相似文献
3.
4.
实验动物是从事科学研究、教学、生产、检定等的重要工具和支撑条件.随着科学技术的飞速发展,科学研究中使用的实验动物和实验用动物的种类、品系越来越多,生物安全问题已经明显地威胁到生物多样性、生态环境和人类健康.本文分析了实验动物的潜在生物安全危害,探讨了实验动物生物安全管理方面存在的问题并就应对实验动物生物安全提出了一些建议. 相似文献
5.
6.
高级别生物安全实验室的主要任务是探索高致病性病毒的致病、免疫机制,开发疫苗、药物和诊断试剂,保障人类和动物的健康.在高级别生物安全实验室内,高致病性病毒实验活动的经济成本和时间成本都是高昂的.为了安全、高效、低成本地开展科学研究,高级别生物安全实验室可采取降低高致病性病毒实验活动生物安全水平(例如生物安全四级降至二级)的科研策略,这些策略包括本科属的低致病性病毒、缺陷型病毒、病毒样颗粒、假病毒、重新编译遗传密码子和计算机辅助药物设计. 相似文献
7.
消毒工作是实验动物管理中的一项关键环节。掌握正确的消毒方法,对实验动物管理场所的生物安全和环境安全管理具有积极地意义。本文总结了使用化学消毒剂的方法和经验以供实验动物工作者借鉴。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
目的 为提高动物实验室生物安全意识,供大动物生物安全实验室设计、施工、使用和管理借鉴.方法 采用考察和分析的方法了解了北美国家大动物生物安全实验室的设计理念、设备、设施、动物试验及动物实验室管理.结果 大动物生物安全实验宝与我国畜牧业健康发展和社会稳定密切相关,我国与国外大动物生物安全实验室存在较大的差距.结论 我国应借鉴国外大动物生物安全实验室设计的理念,完善大动物实验室基础设施,增设相应的设备和提升动物实验室工作人员的生物安全意识. 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
14.
Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
15.
16.
RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
17.
JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
18.
肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献
19.
20.
H.-R. GREGORIUS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1984,23(2-3):157-165
For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献