海南岛兴隆地区巴戟天属若干植物的微量元素

本文研究海南兴隆地区巴戟天属4种植物微量元素含量变化特性,结果表明同属异种植物对同一元素的吸收量、变化范围差异悬殊,种间元素含量水平以Mn>Fe>Mg>Al>Zn>Cu为序;同种植物不同器官微量元素的吸收量也各有差别,例如海南巴戟的含量以根(60224×10-6)>叶(36108×10-6)>花(34609×10-6)>茎(32407×10-6)。同属异种植物与土壤中元素含量消长变化关系密切,相比之下,植物中Mn、Fe、和Mg含量均高于Al、Zn、Cu。     

海南岛兴隆地区某些药用植物中的微量元素

本文研究海南兴隆地区１２种不同类型药用植物微量元素的生物吸收系数（Ａｘ）及其含量水平变化特性,结果表明不同科、属、种植物对同一元素的吸收量差异显著,以Ｍｇ＞Ａｌ＞Ｆｅ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｃｕ为序;同属不同品种植物在不同生境中对微量元素的生物吸收系数各有差别,海南槟榔（Ａｘ０．３０×１０－６、１２．５１×１０－６）＞泰国槟榔（Ａｘ０．２９×１０－６、１１．５９×１０－６＞云南槟榔（Ａｘ０．２７×１０－６、１１．５６×１０－６）,元素间吸收量相比以Ｍｏ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｃｕ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｎｉ为例;同种植物不同器官微量元素的吸收量也是不同的,例如巴戟天的含量以根（２１８．４８×１０－６＞叶（１１５．１９×１０－６）＞茎（１１３．０２×１０－６）。植物与土壤中元素含量消长变化关系密切,相比之下,植物中Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ含量均高于Ｃｕ、Ｐｈ、Ｎｉ。绞股蓝（１８９．２６）＞巴戟天（１６９．０４）＞益智（１６１．７０）＞槟榔（１５５．８８）。     

海南岛中部山区槟榔植株金属元素的吸收积累及交换作用

本文研究了海南岛中部山区不同生境、不同品种的槟榔植株对6种金属元素的选择吸收积累和交换作用。结果表明槟榔植株对元素的吸收积累量、变化范围和交换作用差异明显 ,均为海南槟榔>云南槟榔>泰国槟榔 ;种间金属元素含量水平以A1>Zn>Cu>Ni>Mo>Pb为列 ;同种槟榔不同部位金属元素的吸收积累量差异程度不一 ;至于槟榔植株与土壤中元素的交换作用 ,以中北部沟谷产的槟榔吸收量 (127.25ug.g-1,48.44% )最高 ,东南部山地居中 ,西南部低丘偏低些。     

海南与市售槟榔等中药材中重金属含量比较研究

本文用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定了海南与市售槟榔等六种中药材中的铅元素含量 ,用原子荧光法测定了其中砷、汞元素的含量 ;通过对海南与市售槟榔等六种中药材 (槟榔、益智仁、砂仁、巴戟天、丁香及肉豆蔻 )中铅、砷、汞含量的比较研究 ,说明海南生态环境的优良是实现中药材GAP种植 ,生产绿色中药材的最佳环境     

江西瑞昌石灰岩山地淡竹林植物元素分布与吸收特征

为探究石灰岩山地淡竹林植物养分分布与吸收特征,辨析其与群落功能地位的关系,该研究通过测定江西瑞昌石灰岩山地淡竹林建群种淡竹(Phyllostachys glauca),伴生种胡颓子(Elaeagnus pungens)、油茶(Camellia oleifera)和枸骨(Ilex cornuta)不同器官9种元素含量,对比分析了元素分布与吸收特征。结果表明:(1)淡竹各器官大量元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)分布规律为叶根茎,微量元素(Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu)分布规律为根叶茎;其叶中N [(18.82±1.16) g·kg-1]、P [(1.17±0.19) g·kg-1]、Fe [(1.01±0.09) g·kg-1]元素含量高;各器官的元素生物吸收系数大小顺序与元素含量一致。(2)伴生种植物大量元素分布与生物吸收系数顺序均为叶茎根。微量元素在器官的分布顺序因物种而异,油茶叶的Mn含量最高,为(1.88±0.18) g·kg-1,而Ca、Mg、Zn元素在枸骨茎中富集最多。(3)群落上层植物淡竹和光照条件较好的胡颓子各元素含量及分配规律相近,而林下植物油茶和枸骨元素含量与之相比相差较大。研究认为,淡竹林建群种和伴生种在元素分布和吸收特征的差异与群落光照条件密切相关。     

海南岛绞股蓝属五种植物的化学元素含量

本文对海南岛中部、西南部绞股蓝属5种植物12种化学元素进行定量分析结果表明,不同植物、不同部位、不同生境和不同季节的元素含量均呈单峰曲线规律性变化,并与其土壤相关密切。植物元素的含量变化趋势,以绞股蓝>长梗绞股蓝>毛绞股蓝>单叶绞股蓝>三叶绞股蓝序列,其中宏量元素Mg、K含量最高,Ca次之,Na相对偏低;微量元素以Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Mo>Ni。     

长江源区紫花针茅高寒草原优势植物化学元素含量特征

分析了长江源区紫花针茅草原的土壤和17种优势植物中15种元素的自然含量特征。植物中>1 000μg.g~(-1)的元素有Ca和Na,100～1 000μg.g~(-1)的元素有K、Mg、Mn、Fe、Li和Sr,10～100μg.g~(-1)的元素有Zn、Cu和Cr,<10μg.g~(-1)的元素有Ni、Co、Pb和Cd。土壤中各元素含量的顺序为Ca>Fe>Mn>Mg>K>Li>Na>Sr>Cr>Zn>Cu>Ni>Co>Cd>Pb。植物和土壤中元素含量特点是Ca>K型。植物对于土壤元素的吸收能力大小顺序是:Na>Sr>K>Zn>Mg>Ni>Pb>Cu>Mn>Ca>Li>Co>Cd>Fe>Cr,植物对于Na吸收系数达到13.228,其富集能力明显大于其余14种元素。元素之间K的累积与其他元素没有显著的相关关系;Na的累计也仅与Zn、Sr呈显著相关与其他元素无显著的相关关系,Pb和Na呈显著负相关。     

不同品种槟榔果实性状及其槟榔碱含量的比较研究

通过性状比较和差异显著性检验,从形态学与生物化学两个水平研究了海南5个常见槟榔栽培种之间果实性状变化及其槟榔碱含量的变化。结果表明:(1)海南槟榔5个品种间果实性状都不同,其中以品种A、B、D的果实品质达到国家药典规定的一级标准,品种C、E达到二级标准;(2)品种E的叶面积、产量(座果数×单果重)最大,通过差异显著性检验,表明植株的产量与叶面积呈正相关;(3)5个品种中以品种B的槟榔碱含量最大(0.4451％),其次为品种E、C、D、A。其中品种A与B、A与E、B与D、B与E之间差异显著;(4)长、短蒂花品种之间槟榔碱含量差异不显著;(5)槟榔碱含量与其果实性状之间无显著相关性;(6)槟榔碱含量与营养成分间无显著相关性。     

第2代杉木人工林微量元素的积累、分配及其生物循环特征

利用定位观测取得的数据 ,对第 2代杉木人工林 4种微量元素 ( Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn)的积累、空间分布及其生物循环进行了研究。结果表明 :杉木林生态系统中 4种微量元素总贮量为 30 72 89.70 8kg/ hm2 ,其空间分布表现为土壤层 >乔木层 >死地被物层 >草本层 >灌木层。土壤层中微量元素的贮量占绝对优势 ,4种微量元素贮量的排序为 Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu。杉木中 4种微量元素的积累量为 35 .971 kg/ hm2 ,排列顺序为 Mn >Fe >Zn >Cu,各器官中微量元素积累量排列顺序为树叶 >树根 >树枝 >树干 >树皮。杉木林生态系统中 4种微量元素的年存留量为 4.1 0 8kg/ ( hm2 · a) ,年归还量为 - 2 .2 0 9kg/ ( hm2 · a) ,其中凋落物归还量为 1 .2 5 7kg/ ( hm2·a) ,淋溶归还量为 - 3.446kg/ ( hm2·a) ,杉木林冠针叶、枝及树干对 Zn元素具有较强的吸附能力 ,年吸收量为 2 .0 84kg/ ( hm2 · a) ,尽管杉木对微量元素吸收数量不大 ,但为净吸收的。 4种微量元素的吸收系数排序为 Mn>Cu>Fe>Zn;利用系数的排序为 Cu>Fe>Mn>Zn;循环系数的顺序为 Zn>Fe>Mn>Cu;周转期大小顺序为 Mn>Cu>Fe>Zn。因此 ,该系统中 Zn、Fe存留比例较小 ,周转期短 ,流动性较大 ,而 Mn、Cu则相反 ,存留比例较大 ,周转期长 ,流动性较小。     

海南岛西南地区某些药用植物微量元素的生物吸收和含量变化

本文研究海南岛西南地区１２种不同类型药用植物微量元素的生物吸收系数（Ａｘ）及其含量水平变化特性。     

Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Water,Sediments and Wetland Plants of Kizilirmak Delta (Samsun,Turkey)

In this study, concentrations of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Zn, Cu, and Pb) were measured in water bodies including streams, bottom sediments and various wetland plants of K?z?l?rmak Delta. K?z?l?rmak Delta is one of the largest and the most important natural wetlands in Turkey and has been protected by Ramsar convention since 1993. The heavy metal concentrations in water were found lower than that of national standards for protected lakes and reserves. In bottom sediments and wetland plants, however, the accumulated amounts of different heavy metals varied in the following order: Fe>Mn>Zn>Ni>Co>Cu>Pb, and Fe>Mn>Zn>Ni>Co respectively. Heavy metal uptake of Hydrocharis morsus-ranae and Myriophyllum verticillatum plants among others were found far above the toxic levels and they might be used as bio-indicators and heavy metal accumulators in polluted natural areas.     

新疆南准噶尔荒漠优势植物的化学成分含量特点

南准噶尔荒漠 62种植物 8种元素的含量测定结果显示 ,含量算术平均值的大小顺序为 Na>K>Ca>S>P>Al>Fe>Mn,与阿拉善荒漠植物元素含量的顺序一致。其中 ,Mn、Fe、Al、Na、S的含量变异系数比 P、K和 Ca的大。植物元素含量之间相关分析结果表明 ,Fe与 Al、S与 P、Na与 S呈极显著正相关 ,表明荒漠植物对它们的吸收是协同的 ,而 Fe与 K显著负相关 ,表明植物对它们的吸收具有拮抗作用。聚类分析和排序结果说明不同生态功能群植物都有自身的元素含量特点 ,盐生植物 Na、S含量高 ,沙生植物为高 K低 Na含量功能群植物     

广西马尾松人工林对重金属元素的吸收、累积及动态

探讨了广西马尾松人工林对重金属Cu、Zn、Mn、Pb、Ni、cd元素的吸收、累积及动态。结果表明:马尾松林地土壤层(0~60 cm)中重金属元素Cu、Zn、Mn、Pd、Ni、Cd的平均含量,分别为23.02,24.46,235.46,5.93.8.45和0.14 mg·kg-1,储量大小依次为Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd。马尾松林不同组分中,重金属元素的含量范围分别为Cu 2.97-13.47,Zn 12.09-42.93,Mn 143.14-751.78,Pd 2.87-25.12,Ni 0.19-25.05和Cd 0.16~1.24 mg·kg-1,对土壤6种重金属元素富集能力的大小依次为Cd>Mn>Pb>Zn>Ni>Cu。马尾松林中,重金属元素的总储量为39.791kg·hm-2,其中Mn、Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd、Ni元素的储量分别为34.047,3.351,1.226,0.874,0.245,0.084 kg·hm-2,各组分中重金属元素储量的空间分布为干>皮>根>叶>枝。Cu、Zn、Mn、Pd、Ni、Cd的周转期分别为13.9、7.0、3.1、20.4、2.1、12 a,流动系数为Ni>Mn>Zn>Cd>Cu>Pb。     

Binding of metals by cell walls of Cunninghamella blakesleeana grown in the presence of copper or cobalt

Summary The binding of metals by cell walls isolated from Cunninghamella blakesleeana grown in the presence of inhibitory concentration of Cu or Co and which had altered chemical compositions was compared with the binding by control cell walls. The Co-cell walls, which had higher contents of phosphate and chitosan, bound more Cu and Co. Although the V _max for Cu and Co differed with each of the cell walls, the K _m values for the binding of Cu (6.3x10^-3 M) and Co (2.1x10^-3 M) were the same for all three types of cell walls. The cell walls also differed in their quantitative binding of various metals; control cell walls: Zn> Fe> Mn> Cd> Ca> Ni> Cu> Ag> Co> Mg; Cu-cellwalls: Zn> Fe> Mn> Cu> Ni> Cd> Ag> Ca> Co> Mg; and Co-cell walls: Fe> Zn> Cu> Mn> Cd> Ag> Ca> Ni=Co> Mg. The binding of Cu was temperature-dependent and had an optimum pH. The binding of Co was inhibited by Cu, but the binding of Cu was not inhibited by Co, and Cd totally suppressed the binding of Co but not of Cu, suggesting two binding sites on the cell walls, one exclusively for Cu and the other common to both metals but with a higher affinity for Co. The cell walls did not bind Mg. The Cu-or Co-loaded cell walls eluted with 5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) rebound these metals to the same or greater extent as the original walls, but walls eluted with 0.5 N HCl bound only 50% of that bound originally.     

荒漠地区8种草本植物营养元素含量的比较分析

为深入了解荒漠植物营养元素计量特征,认识元素间的交互作用,揭示不同生长期、不同沙丘部位植物元素含量差异。以古尔班通古特沙漠8种优势草本植物(4种1年生植物,4种短命植物)为研究对象,采集不同生长期(旺盛期、枯萎期)、不同沙丘部位(坡上、腹地)的植株,测定全株植物的10种营养元素(C、N、P、K、Na、Mg、Al、Mn、Cu、Zn)。结果表明：(1)8种植物元素含量存在显著差异,体现了植物因遗传特性不同而对元素选择吸收的特点,含量为：C(230.19～401.82 mg·g^-1)、N(11.31～18.85 mg·g^-1)、P(0.95～2.08 mg·g^-1)、K(16.12～29.79mg·g^-1)、Na(0.88～3.31 mg·g^-1)、Mg(3.38～5.31 mg·g^-1)、Al(0.33～1.99 mg·g^-1)、Mn(51.35～105.32 mg·kg^-1)、Cu(4.14～6.38 mg·kg<...     

Studies on the Characteristic of Element Contents in the Dominant Plant Species of the Three gorges Region in China

The characteristics of the contents of 20 elements (Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, K, S, Si, P, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ni, Sr, Mo, Na, B, Cr, V) in 16 plant species collected from the Three Gorges Region in China were investigated. The average contents of Ca, K and Mg were higher than 1 000 μg·g-1, that of Al, P, Si, Fe, S and Mn ranged between 100—1 000 μg·g-1 and Ti, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Cd and V were less than 10 μg·g- 1. The level of Na content was less than that of the reported. The main character of the element contents was of the Ca> K type. The contents of P, S, Ca and K in different plant samples showed a normal distribution pattern, while Al and Mn showed a elements lognormal distribution pattern. Plant species differed greatly in the element contents. On analyzing the coefficient of variation (C. V., % ), Al, Mn, Mg, Ni, Sr and Fe had higher C.V., while the C.V. of K, S, P, Cr, Cd and Cu was less than 60%, and Cu had the lowest C.V. The correlations between Al and Fe, Al and Ti, Al and Cr, A1 and V, Cd and Sr, Cd and Mo, Fe and V, Zn and Cr, Ni and Sr, Mg and Ni, Mo and Sr, Ca and Sr, Cr and Mo, Na and Mg, Na and P, P and S were statistically significant in different plant species. The classification of the 16 plant species and 20 dements by two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) method may suggest the difference in dement contents of the different plant species.     

Multi-element analysis of trace element levels in human autopsy tissues by using inductively coupled atomic emission spectrometry technique (ICP-AES).

Autopsy tissue samples from the brain front lobe, cerebellum, heart, kidney (cortex and medulla), liver, pancreas, spleen and ovary were analysed for AL, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr and Zn in 30 (17 women and 13 men) subjects ranging in age from 17 to 96 years at Haukeland University Hospital in Norway. The tissues were selected from macroscopically normal organs and samples were handled according to guidelines recommended to avoid contamination in the pre-analytical phase. Concentration of the trace elements were determined by the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry technique (ICP-AES). In most tissues the concentrations of the essential trace elements followed the order Fe> Zn> Cu> Mn> Se> Cr> Co except in the ovary where Se was higher than Mn. The liver was the major site of deposition for Co, Cu and Mn as well as the spleen for Co, brain front lobe for Cu and pancreas for Mn. Ba, Sr and Ni built up in the ovary foLLowed by the kidney. Older subjects accumulated Ba and Sr in most tissues, whereas Al accumulated in the kidney cortex and Cd in the brain cerebellum. Generally males had higher concentrations of trace elements in the different tissue sampLes than females with the exception of Mn in the brain front lobe and heart and Sr in the liver. ICP-AES is a useful method to assess the concentration and the profiLe of trace elements in human autopsy tissues.     

鼎湖山自然保护区不同演替阶段森林土壤中有效微量元素状况研究

三种森林表层土壤中有效微量元素的平均含量顺序为 :Fe >Zn>Mn>B >Cu >Mo,马尾松林的含量顺序为 :Fe>Zn>Cu >B >Mn >Mo,混交林和阔叶林与平均含量一致。三种森林有效Fe的含量均极高 ,表现出富铁状况 ,而有效Mn含量甚微 ,表明该区森林均严重缺Mn,有效Cu和Zn的含量处于中等水平 ,均高于其临界值。但处于演替初期阶段的马尾松林还缺B和Mo,混交林也略缺Mo。相关分析结果表明 ,土壤pH值与所考察的所有微量元素有效量之间均呈负相关 ,且与有效B、Cu和Fe相关极显著 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,与有效Mo相关显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;有机质与所考察的所有微量元素有效量之间均呈正相关 ,且与有效B和Fe相关极显著 ,与有效Mn相关显著