花同源异型基因FBP2调节叶片中过氧化物酶的表达

对碧冬茄和烟草的野生型以及FBP2转化植株(transformant)叶片中过氧化物酶 (POD)的特性做了分析 ,结果表明FBP2在花中的表达可以调节叶片特异POD的表达 ,并影响其活性。此外 ,FBP2在花中的表达还影响叶片内源植物生长物质的水平以及多酚氧化酶 (PPO)和过氧化氢酶 (CAT)的活性。结果表明 :花同源异型基因不仅调控花器官的发育 ,而且参与营养器官代谢的调节 ,使之适应于生殖器官的生长发育     

花同源异型基因FBP2调节叶片中过氧化物酶的表达

对碧冬茄和烟草的野生型以及ＲＢＰ２转化植ｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍａｎｔ）叶片中过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）的特笥做了分析,结果表明ＦＢＰ２在花中的可以调节叶片特异ＰＯＤ的表达,并影响其活性。此外,ＦＢＰ２在花中的表达还影响叶片内源植物生长物质的水平以及多酚氧化酶（ＰＰＯ）和过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）的活性。结果表明：花同源异型基因不仅调控花器官的发育,而且参与营养器官代谢的调节,使之适应于生殖器官的生长发育。     

调控花发育的同源异型基因

对形态发生突变体进行遗传学和分子生物学分析,是揭示发育的分子调控机制的最有效的途径。最近,世界上若干开创性的研究小组正致力于用这种分子遗传学手段研究植物花发育的调控机制,并取得了令人瞩目的进展。     

植物同源异型基因及同源异型盒基因的研究进展

植物同源异型基因及同源异型盒基因是涉及植物个体发育调节的两类重要转录因子编码基因.近10年来的研究表明,这两类基因及其产物的结构与功能具有明显的差异.深入研究这两类基因的结构与功能对揭示植物的发育机制具有重要意义.     

高等植物的同源异型基因

最近几年,对植物中同源异型基因的研究正日益引人注目,并且取得了很大进展。以一些模式植物（例如拟南芥和金鱼草）局部组织的形态发育过程为研究系统,将传统经典遗传学方法和现代分子遗传学技术相结合,已经分离了许多在植物器官发育中起重要作用的同源异型基因,并初步阐述了这类基因的功能和分子之间相互调控的概约作用框架。     

同源异型基因在花发育和进化中的作用

该文对植物发育和进化中同源异型基因的调控作用进行了综述,并介绍了金鱼草和拟南芥菜中几个同源异型基因对花器官变异的调控。     

矮牵牛花同源异型基因fbp2的克隆及其对烟草花形态的影响

以矮牵牛（Ｐｅｔｕｎｉａ　ｈｙｂｒｉｄａ　Ｌ．）栽培品种为材料,取开放前的花蕾分离ｍＲＮＡ,反转录合成ｃＤＮＡ,以ｃＤＮＡ为模板,通过ＰＣＲ扩增,对获得的目的片段进行序列分析。结果表明,分离的目的片段含有６８６个核苷酸（含有起始密码和终止密码）。核苷酸序列与文献报道相比,同源率为９９．６％,只有３个碱基发生改变,５’端的ＭＡＤＳ盒区域完全相同。将得到的矮牵牛花同源异型基因ｆｂｐ２的ｃＤＮＡ（ｙｆｂｐ２）与ＣａＭＶ３５５启动子和ＮＯＳ３’终止子融合,构建了表达载体ｐＢＢＰ２。表达载体通过农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ　ｔｕｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）ＬＢＡ４４０４（ｐＡＬ４４０４）介导转化烟草（ＮｉｃｏｔｉａｎａｔａｂａｃｕｍＬ．）叶片,在含有１００ｍｇ／Ｌ卡那霉素的抗性培养基上再生成株。对抗性株进行总ＤＮＡＳｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交和总ＲＮＡ的点杂交,证明目的基因已导入烟草细胞中,整合到烟草基因组上,并且在烟草细胞中转录。同源异型基因ｆｂｐ２导入烟草后导致烟草花型改变,在雄蕊上产生了花瓣。     

人髓过氧化物酶基因cDNA克隆及急性白血病髓过氧化物酶基因的表达

应用PCR技术和DNA重组技术从HL－60细胞中克隆人髓过氧化物酶(MPO)轻链和部分重链基因cDNA片段,经核酸序列分析确证克隆片段全长769bpc将克隆的MP0 cDNA片段作为探钎,对一组白血病细胞系和急性白血病病例样本细胞的mRNA进行N0rthern印迹和点印迹分析,结果显示,MPO基因表达产物与急性白血病的粒细胞源性相关,因而它可作为白血病分型中确定细胞源性的重要标志。     

樱胚珠发育调控基因PrseSTK在单瓣与重瓣花中的表达比较

用同源克隆方法,从日本晚樱（Prunus lannesiana）花芽中克隆出了PrseSTK基因的cDNA全长,GenBank登录号为GU332504。其包括1个共669 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码222个氨基酸和1个终止密码子。同源序列比对和分子系统进化分析表明,PrseSTK是拟南芥的STK同源基因,其编码蛋白的C末端拥有2个高度保守模体：AG motif Ⅰ和Ⅱ,属D类MADS-box转录因子。其在花器官中表达的组织特异性分析表明,在单瓣‘大岛樱’中,PrseSTK主要在雄蕊和雌蕊中表达;但在重瓣品种‘普贤像’中,其在萼片、雄蕊和叶化雌蕊中均有表达。其在2个品种4轮花器官中的表达呈现明显的差异,并与拟南芥STK基因表达的组织特异性也有一定的差别;其在花萼中的异位表达可能与重瓣品种萼筒异位子房的发育调控相关。     

LEAFY,a Homeotic Gene That Regulates Inflorescence Development in Arabidopsis

Variation in plant shoot structure may be described as occurring through changes within a basic unit, the metamer. Using this terminology, the apical meristem of Arabidopsis produces three metameric types sequentially: type 1, rosette; type 2, coflorescence-bearing with bract; and type 3, flower-bearing without bract. We describe a mutant of Arabidopsis, Leafy, homozygous for a recessive allele of a nuclear gene LEAFY (LFY), that has an inflorescence composed only of type 2-like metamers. These data suggest that the LFY gene is required for the development of type 3 metamers and that the transition from type 2 to type 3 metamers is a developmental step distinct from that between vegetative and reproductive growth (type 1 to type 2 metamers). Results from double mutant analysis, showing that lfy-1 is epistatic to the floral organ homeotic gene ap2-6, are consistent with the hypothesis that a functional LFY gene is necessary for the expression of downstream genes controlling floral organ identity.     

The FLO10 Gene Product Regulates the Expression Domain of Homeotic Genes AP3 and PI in Arabidopsis Flowers

We describe a novel mutant of Arabidopsis, Flo10, which is the result of a recessive allele, flo10, in the nuclear gene FLO10. The first three organ whorls (sepals, petals, and stamens) of Flo10 flowers are normal, but the fourth, gynoecial whorl is replaced by two to eight stamens or stamen-carpel intermediate organs. Studies of ontogeny suggest that the position of the first six of these fourth-whorl organs often resembles that of the wild-type third-whorl organs. To determine the interaction of the FLO10 gene with the floral organ homeotic genes APETALA2 (AP2), PISTILLATA (PI), AP3, and AGAMOUS (AG), we generated lines homozygous for flo10 and heterozygous or homozygous for a recessive allele of the homeotic genes. On the basis of our data, we suggest that FLO10 functions to prevent the expression of the AP3/PI developmental pathway in the gynoecial (fourth) whorl.     

同源异型基因对花器官发育的调控

以ABC模型为基础,阐述了花器官发育调控的分子机制,对一些相关基因在其中的作用和研究进展作了介绍.     

A Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase Gene Isolated by an in vivo Binding Procedure Using the Arabidopsis Floral Homeotic Gene Product, AGAMOUS

During the course of characterizing fragments bound to an Arabidopsisfloral homeotic protein AGAMOUS in vivo, a gene encoding a putativeserine/threonine protein kinase was found on one of the fragments.The deduced 426 amino acid residues of the gene, named APK2a,are 65% identical to a previously reported Arabidopsisserine/threonineprotein kinase, APKla. The gene is composed of 6 exons and mapsat 10 cM from the upper end of chromosome 1. Northern hybridizationexperiments indicated that the gene is strongly expressed inleaves, moderately in roots, and very weakly in flowers. Furtherin situ analysis of the expression in floral buds showed thatthe APK2a gene is expressed at pedicels, is not expressed atthe floral organ primordia of wild type floral buds, but ismoderately expressed in the floral organ primordia of the agamousmutant. In vitro binding assay suggests that the AGAMOUS proteinbinds to a sequence similar to, but different from, the knownMADS-binding consensus sequences, the CArG box, located 3' downstreamof the APK2a gene. These results suggest that APK2a gene expressionis negatively regulated by the AG protein. A close homologue of the APK2a gene, named APK2b, was also isolatedfrom the Arabidopsis cDNA library. The expression pattern ofthe APK2b gene differs from that of APK2a. It is strongly expressedin leaves, moderately in flowers, and weakly in roots. ⁴Present address: Biomolecular Engineering Research Institute,6-2-3, Fruedai, Suita, Osaka, 565 Japan.     

花同源异型MADS-box基因在被子植物中的功能保守性和多样性

MADS-box基因家族成员作为转录调控因子在被子植物花发育调控中发挥关键作用。本文以模式植物拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）和水稻（Oryza sativa）为例,综述了近10年来对被子植物（又称有花植物）两大主要类群——核心真双子叶植物和单子叶植物花同源异型MADS-box基因的研究成果,分析MADS-box基因在被子植物中的功能保守性和多样性,同时探讨双子叶植物花发育的ABCDE模型在多大程度上适用于单子叶植物。