拟长毛钝绥螨与硃砂叶螨相互作用的实验研究——干扰作用和搜寻效率

在猎物卵不同密度下,拟长毛钝绥螨(Amblyseius pseudolongispinosus)随其种群密度的增加(不超过10头/叶片),个体之间不存在干扰作用;捕食螨的搜寻活动和产卵分布对猎物分布的变动有一定的时滞性;聚集行为往往是由于某些生境中猎物被消耗殆尽后引起的,这与捕食螨在猎物卵不同密度下的扩散作用和干扰作用较弱有关。     

朱砂叶螨利它素对拟长毛钝绥螨定位反应的影响

以朱砂叶螨Ｔｅｔｒａｎｙｃｈｕｓｃｉｎｎｂａｒｉｎｕｓ（Ｂｏｉｓｄｕｖａｌ）的自然群体,通过嗅觉仪对拟毛钝绥螨ＡｍｂｌｙｓｅｉｕｓｐｓｅｕｄｏｌｏｎｇｉｓｐｉｎｏｓｕｓＸｉｎ;ＬｉａｎｇｅｔＫｅ的搜索定位能力进行测试,发现拟长毛钝绥螨的雌成螨对叶螨的自然群体和雌成螨有最强的定位反应,对从自然群体分离出来的卵,若螨,丝网和排泄物对明显的反应,而对幼螨,雄螨及去螨叶片则无反应,同时表明叶螨的雌成螨是利     

山楂叶螨对胡瓜钝绥螨的吸引作用研究

采用两侧吸引作用试验测定天敌胡瓜钝绥螨Amblyseius cucumeris Oudemans在田间对山楂叶螨的搜索和控制能力。结果表明：山楂叶螨不同螨态对胡瓜钝绥螨均有显著的吸引作用,排泄物对胡瓜钝绥螨没有明显的吸引作用。山楂叶螨对胡瓜钝绥螨的这种吸引作用说明胡瓜钝绥螨在田间具有自动搜索山楂叶螨的能力,可用于山楂叶螨的生物防治。     

尼氏钝绥螨对柑桔始叶螨捕食作用研究

尼氏钝梁螨AmblyseiusnicholsiEharaetLee是贵州省桔园叶螨天敌优势种,对抑制叶螨种群有一定作用。关于保护利用该螨综合防治柑桔全爪螨已有报道[1,2],但对柑桔上男一重要叶螨──柑桔始叶螨的捕食作用、控制能力等方面报道较少。本文研究了尼氏纯绥螨对柑桔给叶螨捕食作用,为柑桔始叶螨综合治理提供理论依据。王材料和方法1．1虫源：尼氏钝绥做雄成螨和柑桔始叶绒成螨采自桔园。卵、幼螨、若螨均在室内饲养而得。1．2反应皿设置：在直径为12cm的培养皿内置一层浸水的泡沫,上面平铺1张滤纸,其上放1张平展的柑桔叶片,叶片四周用浸过…     

截形叶螨对胡瓜钝绥螨的吸引作用

室内测定表明,截形叶螨不同螨态对胡瓜钝绥螨均有显著的吸引作用,均达到极显著水平,而胡瓜钝绥螨对截形叶螨的排泄物没有明显的反应。截形叶螨对胡瓜钝绥螨的这种吸引作用说明胡瓜钝绥螨具有自动搜索截形叶螨的能力,表明胡瓜钝绥螨可以用于截形叶螨的生物防治。     

普通钝绥螨(Amblyseius vulgaris)对朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)捕食作用的研究

研究了普通钝绥螨(Amblyseius vulgaris)对朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)不同螨态的选择捕食作用、功能反应和数量反应。结果表明,普通钝绥螨喜欢捕食朱砂叶螨的幼螨,对猎物不同螨态的功能反应均表现为Holling Ⅱ型曲线,但其捕食效率因猎物螨态和环境温度不同而有差异。猎物螨的密度对普通钝绥螨的繁殖有明显影响。     

模拟降水对朱砂叶螨实验种群数量的干扰作用

采用人工模拟降雨的方法研究了降水对棉花苗期朱砂叶螨校正虫口减退率的影响以及转移干扰作用,评价棉花苗期降水对朱砂叶螨种群数量的控制作用。结果表明,暴雨(49.59%±3.09%)、大雨(33.21%±2.46%)、中雨(37.25%±0.986%)和小雨(36.03%±2.69%)均能明显降低朱砂叶螨的校正虫口减退率,其中暴雨对朱砂叶螨校正虫口减退率的影响极为明显,显著高于大雨、中雨和小雨。而大雨、中雨和小雨对朱砂叶螨校正虫口减退率的影响两两之间无显著差异。随着降水量逐步增加,对朱砂叶螨数量由释放点向叶片正面和叶柄位置转移的干扰作用逐步增强。在释放点之间,大雨、中雨和小雨均对朱砂叶螨转移干扰作用不明显,但暴雨对朱砂叶螨转移干扰作用极为明显。     

拟长毛钝绥螨抗乐果品系的筛选及遗传分析

生物防治手段所用生物物种的抗药性遗传改良是害虫综合治理的一个新研究领域.本文以农业害螨的重要捕食性天敌——拟长毛钝绥螨Amblyseius Pseudolongispinosus Xin,Liang et Ke的一个群体为材料,经杀虫剂乐果19次选择后,使抗药性比原来增长10.02倍.拟长毛钝绥螨抗乐果品系是由多基因隐性遗传的.     

BIOLOGY OF CHRYSOPA PHYLLOCHROMA WESMAEL (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE). II: INTRASPECIFIC INTERFERENCE AND SEARCHING CAPACITY

Abstract  The present study examined intraspecific interference and searching behavior of Chrysopa phyllochroma Wesmael (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) for Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) nymphs under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The results were shown as follow: 1) In four different arenas ( i.e . Petri dish, glass vessel, glass vessel with barriers in it, and cage with potted cotton plant), the predaceous efficiency of C. phyllochroma larvae varied with the predator density, the hunt constant ( Q ) and the intraspecific interference (m) increased with the prey density but decreased with the space heterogeneity; 2) In cage with potted cotton plant, the first- and second-instar green lacewing larvae consumed 13.6 and 29.4 cotton aphiddday respectively. The number of cotton aphids consumed by C. phyllochroma on lower leaves was significantly less than that on upper leaves; and 3) In cage with potted cotton plant, the percentage of the first- and second-instar green lacewing larvae located on upper leaves was significant less than that on lower leaves.     

荔枝瘿螨的天敌——亚热冲绥螨的生物学及其捕食效能

本文报道了荔枝瘿螨天敌──亚热冲绥螨的生物学、世代历期、捕食效能及其种群消长规律。在室温２８一３１℃,相对湿度７８一８０％的实验条件下,亚热冲绥螨的卵期１．８７±０．５６天;幼螨期１．２７±０．４４天;第一若螨期１．５３±０．４６天;第二若螨期１．５０±０．６３天;产卵前期１．９０±０．５５天;全代历期８．０７±１．３３天。其捕食效能模型为Ｎａ     

红基盘瓢虫和红星盘瓢虫实验种群生命表的初步研究

本文组建了红基盘瓢虫和红星盘瓢虫的实验种群生命表,并应用Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ模式探讨影响种群数量变动的主要因子;计算了两瓢虫的内禀增长率（ｒ＿ｍ）及其它有关的生态学统计量。在实验室条件（平均温度２９．５±１．５℃和相对湿度７０．０±４．９％）下,红基盘瓢虫和红基盘瓢虫的内禀增长率（ｒ＿ｍ）、周限增长率（γ）均相近,而两者的种群趋势指数（Ｉ）、净繁殖率（Ｒ＿０）和世代平均历期（Ｔ）差异较大。红基盘瓢虫的内禀增长率ｒ＿ｍ＝０．０８４１,种群数量以每８．２天增长一倍的速率发展;红星盘瓢虫的内禀增长率ｒ＿ｍ＝０．０８８７,种群以每７．８天增长一倍的速率发展。生殖力减退是影响两瓢虫实验种群数量变动的主要因子。在盛夏进行两瓢虫的大量繁殖并应用于橄榄星室木虱的防治是可行的。     

Biological studies of the Australian predatory mite Typhlodromalus lailae (Schicha) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Abstract The biology of the Australian phytoseiid mite Typhlodromalus lailae is described from material collected in Western Australia and New South Wales in 1994. At 25°C, when fed on cumbungi ( Typha sp.) pollen, the life cycle is completed in approximately 6 days, with an intrinsic rate of natural increase ( r _m ), of 0.38. Female−male pairs produced a mean total of 44.6 eggs within 22 days of oviposition, with 39% of these females living in excess of 29 days. Females that were deprived of males after first mating stopped laying eggs after 4−9 days, but if another male was added they resumed egg laying and produced close to a full complement of eggs (mean 42 eggs). At 25°C, fecundity on a diet of cumbungi pollen or thrips larvae (first-instar Frankliniella schutzei Trybom) was high, averaging 3.71 and 3.33 eggs per day, respectively, over a 3-day period. The sex ratio was approximately 1.5 females to 1 male. Consumption rate of thrips was also high, with an average of approximately seven first-instar or two second-instar F. schultzei larvae eaten per day. The species was also observed to feed on broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), and tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Massee). No diapause was observed under conditions of 25°C 8 h light and 10°C 16 h dark. Eggs were sensitive to low humidity, with 50% failing to hatch below 71.1% relative humidity. This species is of interest as a candidate biological control agent for thrips, broad mite and tomato russet mite in protected crops.     

Biological studies of the Australian predatory mite Typhlodromips montdorensis (Schicha) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), a potential biocontrol agent for western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Abstract The biology of the Australian phytoseiid mite Typhlodromips montdorensis is described from material collected in Queensland and South Australia in 1994−1996. At 25°C, when fed on cumbungi ( Typha sp.) pollen, the life cycle was completed in approximately 7 days, with an intrinsic rate of natural increase ( r _m ) of 0.32. Female−male pairs produced a mean total of 52.7 eggs within 28 days of oviposition. Females that were deprived of males after first mating stopped laying eggs after 7−19 days; however, if another male was added, they resumed egg laying and produced, on average, a total of 49.4 eggs. The sex ratio was 2.24 females to one male. At 25°C, fecundity on a diet of thrips larvae (first-instar Frankliniella schultzei Trybom) was high, ranging from 2.72 to 3.58 eggs per day on the third day, depending on previous diet. Consumption rate of thrips was also high, with an average of 7.23−14.44 first-instar larvae eaten per day on the third day, depending again on previous diet and also on number of thrips larvae made available. The species was also observed to feed on: (i) broad mite, Polyphago­tarsonemus latus (Banks); (ii) tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Massee); and (iii) two-spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. No diapause was observed under conditions of 25°C, 8 h light and 10°C, 16 h dark. Eggs were sensitive to low humidity, with 50% failing to hatch below 70.8% relative humidity. This species is of interest as a candidate biological control agent for thrips, broad mite and tomato russet mite in protected crops.     

五种恙螨染色体核型的研究

恙螨染色体的研究迄今仅Shirai等(1984)简要地报道了三种纤恙螨的染色体核型。本实验采用压片法和改良空气干燥法,研究观察五种恙螨有丝分裂染色体核型。初静止化蛹1—3天的成蛹阶段是制作恙螨有丝分裂染色体标本的最佳虫期。微红纤恙螨,地里纤恙螨和巨螫齿恙螨染色体数目为2n=14;苍白纤恙螨和小板纤恙螨为2n=16。染色体呈大小不等的小棒状,单着丝粒,但多不清晰,仅可见着丝点区浅染。部分核型出现染色体异型现象。核型性别未明,性别决定机制不清。