油藏调剖菌TP-1的培养条件及岩芯模拟驱油研究

从油井产出水中分离得到一株兼性厌氧芽孢杆菌TP-1,该菌株可在55℃的油藏温度生长,并代谢产生粘性多糖和气体.经培养条件优化,发酵液多糖产量可达5.5 g/L,产气量为22 mL/L.低浓度的CaCl2、MgSO4和AlCl3对多糖的生成有促进作用.岩芯模拟试验表明,该菌的注入可使岩芯压力增加,提高石油采收率7.37%.TP-1是一株性能良好的油藏调剖菌.     

阿魏菇多糖高产菌的离子束和激光复合诱变育种

目的:诱变筛选阿魏菇多糖高产菌,探索食用菌的离子束和激光复合诱变育种方法。方法:尝试用阿魏菇菌丝单细胞为靶材,以离子束注入和激光辐照为复合诱变手段,采用营养缺陷型筛选办法定性初筛,摇瓶发酵定量复筛。结果:通过离子束注入诱变,获得了2株菌丝体多糖产量分别达到551.80mg/L和659.46mg/L、较1号出发菌株提高了46.5%和75.2%的多糖高产菌PFPH-1和PFPH-2;在此基础上,以激光辐照为复合诱变手段,获得了1株菌丝体多糖产量达到762.50 mg/L、较出发菌株PFPH-2提高了15.63%的多糖高产菌PFPH-3。结论:离子束和激光复合诱变育种方法在改良阿魏菇多糖高产性状方面诱变功效显著。     

半知菌曲霉族真菌胞外多糖的研究I．青霉菌胞外多糖的分离筛选

从分离自云南滇东南地区土壤中的 77株丝状真菌中筛选得到 1株产胞外多糖菌株 ,编号为 31794。经对其形态学观察 ,最佳发酵条件的研究 ,以及所产胞外多糖组分的TLC和红外光谱分析 ,结果表明 ,该菌属半知菌类丛梗孢科曲霉族青霉属 (Penicilliumsp .)。经摇瓶发酵 ,该菌每升发酵液产胞外多糖得率为 12 .333g/L(干重 ) ,其胞外多糖组成分别为甘露糖 (Mannose)、葡萄糖 (Glucose)和半乳糖 (Galactose)。     

半知菌曲霉族真菌胞外多糖的研究Ⅰ.青霉菌胞外多糖的分离筛选

从分离自云南滇东南地区土壤中的 77 株丝状真菌中筛选得到 1 株产胞外多糖菌株,编号为31794.经对其形态学观察,最佳发酵条件的研究,以及所产胞外多糖组分的TLC和红外光谱分析,结果表明,该菌属半知菌类丛梗孢科曲霉族青霉属(Penicillium sp.).经摇瓶发酵,该菌每升发酵液产胞外多糖得率为 12.333 g/L(干重), 其胞外多糖组成分别为甘露糖(Mannose)、葡萄糖(Glucose)和半乳糖(Galactose).     

一株胞外多糖产生菌的筛选鉴定及其多糖成分研究

以菌落周围有粘稠分泌物为初筛标准从土壤中筛选胞外多糖产生菌,苯酚-硫酸法测定初筛菌胞外多糖的产量;将胞外多糖产生菌LE-3进行形态学观察、BIOLOG分析与16S rDNA鉴定;提取菌株LE-3胞外粗多糖,该粗多糖经Sevage法除蛋白、透析和CM-琼脂糖凝胶FF、DEAE-琼脂糖凝胶FF、丙烯葡聚糖凝胶S-200HR柱层析进行纯化,傅里叶红外光谱法、薄层层析法和高效液相色谱法分析胞外多糖的单糖组成。结果表明:从土壤中筛出26株符合初筛标准的菌株,3株产糖量在5 g/L以上,其中菌株LE-3产量为5.29 g/L;根据形态学特征、BIOLOG和分子生物学分析,初步鉴定菌株LE-3为一株解淀粉芽孢杆菌亚种(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp.amyloliquefaciens);该菌株胞外粗多糖经Sevage法除蛋白、透析和三次柱层析纯化后,得到单一组分的LE-3胞外多糖;傅里叶红外光谱法、薄层层析法和高效液相色谱法分析确定该多糖为果聚糖。     

一株海藻多糖降解菌的分离与鉴定

【目的】从腐烂的褐藻中筛选一株海藻多糖降解菌,编号L206,分析其对不同多糖的降解能力。【方法】通过形态观察、生化单因子试验及16S r RNA基因鉴定细菌,DNS法测定海藻多糖降解酶活性等。【结果】海洋细菌L206,革兰氏阴性短杆菌,生长对数期为3-21 h,适宜生长的Na Cl质量浓度为0-3%(质量体积比);通过16S r RNA基因鉴定为白色噬琼胶菌(Agarivorans albus);L206被海带粉诱导至72 h时,综合复合酶活力达到最大,其中淀粉酶活力最高(28.17 U/m L),木聚糖酶次之(23.83 U/m L)。【结论】白色噬琼胶菌L206是一株多能型多糖降解菌,对褐藻多糖有特殊的降解能力,具有潜在开发价值。     

桦褐孔菌菌质多糖的制备及其对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响

为研究桦褐孔菌菌质多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响,采用水提醇沉法提取粗多糖,Sevag法脱蛋白后透析,再经DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B离子交换柱进一步分离纯化,MTT法检测不同浓度的桦褐孔菌菌质多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响。试验结果得到3个多糖纯化组分JZP1、JZP2、JZP3;粗多糖(JZPC)、精制多糖(JZPJ)和纯化多糖(JZP3),能够促进淋巴细胞增殖,最大增殖率分别为59.04%(1 000μg/m L),44.58%(20μg/m L),39.76%(20μg/m L)。JZP1和JZP2在1 000μg/m L时抑制淋巴细胞增殖,抑制率分别15.66%和13.25%。结果表明相同浓度下粗多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖作用强于纯化多糖,不同多糖组分表现出不同的免疫学活性,并且其免疫活性与其浓度密切相关。     

盘针孢菌发酵及其胞外多糖抗氧化活性

[目的]研究盘针孢菌的发酵条件及其胞外多糖(EPS)抗氧化活性.[方法]分别研究碳源、氮源、生长因子、pH值和培养时间等条件对盘针孢菌多糖产量的影响作用,并通过测定其多糖的还原能力及对羟自由基(·OH)和1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的清除作用研究该多糖的抗氧化活性.[结果]盘针孢菌多糖发酵的最佳条件为20%的马铃薯浸汁,20g/L麦芽糖,5 g/L(NH4)2SO4,0.01 g/L L-胱氨酸,pH 5.0,25℃下培养10 d.在此条件下,多糖产量达到37.52 mg/L,与在基础发酵培养基条件下相比,其多糖产量提高了84.10%.盘针孢菌多糖对·OH和DPPH自由基均有较好的清除作用,在多糖浓度为50 mg/L时,对·OH的清除率达到50.81%;多糖浓度为20 mg/L时,对DPPH自由基的清除率达到14.21%.[结论]发酵条件对盘针孢菌多糖代谢具有重要的调控作用,且该多糖具有明显的抗氧化活性.     

裂褶菌深层培养及多糖测定

为了深层培养裂褶菌Schizophyllum commune Fr.产生多糖,对产多糖的适宜培养基,最佳时间,高产菌株进行了研究。从南京灵谷寺及南京大学校园生长的裂褶菌子实体分离到3株产多糖的裂褶菌菌株,编号南大835,南大843,南大853。对南大843用6种不同培养基进行深层培养,测定和比较了多糖和菌丝产量,其结果表明黄豆粉葡萄糖液体培养基是适于裂褶菌合成多糖的培养基,能培养出密集、白色、均匀的菌球和丰富的多糖。其组成为(g/L):葡萄糖30,黄豆粉5,酵母膏2,KH_2PO_4 1,MgSO_4·7H_2O0.5。pH5.5。最适发酵条件:pH5—5.5,温度26—28℃,振速:100—110次/分,当pH降至4.9—4.7,残糖量在1%以下,5—6天可终止发酵。在培养6天的浓缩滤液中加入等体积的95%乙醇后大量白色粘稠、纤维状的多糖被沉淀下来。在上述发酵条件下,3个菌株比较结果,南大853能明显提高多糖产量,6天的培养液中多糖量可达5.5—6g/L,南大843和南大835分别是5g/L和2.8g/L。     

木耳浸提物与复合乳酸菌相互作用的研究

摘要：目的 研究木耳浸提物的制备及其与候选乳酸菌的相互作用,为开发具有木耳免疫多糖和复合产乳酸菌共存的新型微生态制剂新工艺提供理论依据。方法 （1）通过不同浸提时间,浸提次数,料液比以及温度的搭配,制定出一种含木耳多糖较高的木耳浸提液的制备方案。（2）筛选出生存能力强的双歧杆菌（Bf）和凝结芽胞杆菌（Bc）并绘制出其生长曲线以及菌落特征。（3）优化复合菌所用的培养基,探究Bf︰Bc（v/v）的最佳比例及添加量,及其达生长稳定期所需时间。结果 （1）浸提时间4 h,浸提1次,料液比1︰60,温度80℃;（2）得到了生存能力强的双歧杆菌和凝结芽胞杆菌各1株,并绘制出了其生长曲线及菌落特征;（3）优化复合菌所用的培养基：木耳汁200 g/L,蛋白胨10 g/L,酵母粉5 g/L,葡萄糖6 g/L,磷酸氢二钾2.0 g/L,硫酸锰50 mg/L,硫酸锌0.25 g/L,硫酸镁0.1 g/L;（4）复合菌Bf︰Bc（v/v）=1︰1;复合菌达生长稳定期需13h。结论：木耳浸提物对复合乳酸菌的生长有促进作用,并且选用的两种乳酸菌之间有相互促进作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.